Bellringer:

Turn in your complete final draft of
Writing Assessment One to the basket
WITH the rubric and rough draft
attached.

No rubric will result in point deduction!
Romeo and Juliet
William Shakespeare
Essential Question
How have Shakespeare’s
writings helped to
develop the English
Language?
William Shakespeare

Widely regarded as the
greatest writer in English
Literature

Actor for Lord
Chamberlain’s Men (London
theater co.)

Also > principal playwright
for them

1599> Lord Ch. Co. built
Globe Theater where most
of Shakespeare’s play’s
were performed.

He wrote Comedies,
Histories and Tragedies.
Shakespeare’s Birthplace
Theatre
Plays produced for the general public
 Roofless>open air
 No artificial lighting
 Courtyard surrounded by 3 levels of
galleries

The Globe
Spectators
Wealthy got benches.
 “Groundlings”>poorer people stood and
watched from the courtyard (“pit”)
 All but wealthy were uneducated/illiterate
 Much more interaction than today.

Differences
 No
scenery
 Settings > references in dialogue
 Elaborate costumes
 Plenty of props
 Fast-paced, colorful>2 hours!
Actors
Only men and boys
 Young boys whose voices had not
changed play women’s roles
 Would have been considered indecent for
a woman to appear on stage

Romeo and Juliet is a Tragedy
Tragedy- In literature, the concept of tragedy
refer to a series of unfortunate events by which
one or more of the literary characters in the
story undergo several misfortunes, which finally
culminate into a disaster of ‘epic proportions’.
Tragedy is generally built up in 5 stages: a) happy
times b) the introduction of a problem c) the
problem worsens to a crisis/ dilemma d) the
characters are unable to prevent the problem
from taking over e) the problem results in some
catastrophic, grave ending, which is the tragedy
culminated.
Review of Literary Devices
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Simile
Metaphor
Imagery
Personification
Diction
Tone/Mood
Juxtaposition
Theme
Symbolism
Allusion
Characterization
Characterization is the process by which
the writer reveals the personality of a
character.
 Characterization is revealed through
direct characterization and indirect
characterization.

Direct Characterization
Direct Characterization tells the
audience what the personality of the
character is.
 Example: “The patient boy and quiet girl
were both well mannered and did not
disobey their mother.”
 Explanation: The author is directly telling
the audience the personality of these
two children. The boy is “patient” and the
girl is “quiet.”

Indirect Characterization
 Indirect
Characterization shows things that reveal
the personality of a character. There are five
different methods of indirect characterization:
 Speech
 Thoughts
 Effect on others
 Actions
 Looks
 Use
the mnemonic device STEAL to remember
the five types of indirect characterization.
Types of Characters

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Round Characters: have many personality traits, like
real people
Flat Characters: One-dimensional, embodying only
a single trait
◦ Shakespeare often uses them to provide comic
relief even in a tragedy
Static Characters: remain the same. They do not
change. They do not change their minds, opinions
or character
Dynamic Characters: change somehow during the
course of the plot. They generally change for the
better.
New Literary Terms

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Extended Metaphor: a metaphor introduced
and then further developed throughout all
or part of a literary work, especially a poem.
(Ex: The Road Not Taken).
Foreshadowing: Suggesting, hinting, indicating,
or showing what will occur later in a
narrative. Foreshadowing often provides
hints about what will happen next.
(Ex: Tiresias’ prophecy to Odysseus).
Irony: Three Types

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Situational Irony: accidental events occur that
seem oddly appropriate, such as the poetic justice
of a pickpocket getting his own pocket picked.
Something occurs that the audience does not
expect.
Dramatic Irony: Dramatic irony (the most
important type for literature) involves a situation
in a narrative in which the reader knows
something about present or future circumstances
that the character does not know.
Verbal irony occurs when the speaker means
something totally different than what he/she is
saying.
Pun

A play on two words similar in sound but
different in meaning.
(Ex: The church choir robes were too long
and needed to be hymned.)
One of the cleverest and most morbid puns in
Romeo and Juliet comes as a joke from a fatallystabbed Mercutio, who stops joking to explain that
“tomorrow … you shall find me a grave man.”
Grave means serious, but here it also alludes to his
imminent death.
Double-entendre
A figure of speech in which a word or
phrase can be understood in two ways,
especially when one meaning is risqué.
 Basically, a pun with a hidden sexual
meaning.

Juxtaposition

a literary device wherein the author
places a person, concept, place, idea or
theme parallel to another. The purpose of
juxtaposing two directly/indirectly related
entities close together in literature is to
highlight the contrast between the two
and compare them. This literary device is
usually used for etching out a character in
detail, creating suspense or lending a
rhetorical effect.
Paradox
paradox in literature refers to the use of
concepts/ ideas that are contradictory to
one another, yet, when placed together
they hold significant value on several
levels. The uniqueness of paradoxes lies in
the fact that a deeper level of meaning
and significance is not revealed at first
glace, but when it does crystallize, it
provides astonishing insight.
Oxymoron

Oxymoron- pairs of contradictory words.
Ex: Jumbo Shrimp
Foil

A character who contrasts and parallels
the main character in a play or story.
Ex: Mercutio is a foil for Romeo; Benvolio
and Tybalt are also foils.
Dramatic Terms

Soliloquy: A monologue spoken by an actor at a point in the play when the
character believes himself to be alone. The technique frequently reveals a character's
innermost thoughts, including his feelings, state of mind, motives or intentions. The
soliloquy often provides necessary but otherwise inaccessible information to the
audience. The dramatic convention is that whatever a character says in a soliloquy
to the audience must be true, or at least true in the eyes of the character speaking.

Dramatic Monologue: A poem in which a poetic speaker addresses either the reader
or an internal listener at length. It is similar to the soliloquy in theater, in that both a
dramatic monologue and a soliloquy often involve the revelation of the innermost
thoughts and feelings of the speaker.

Aside: In drama, a few words or a short passage spoken by one character to the
audience while the other actors on stage pretend their characters cannot hear the
speaker's words. It is a theatrical convention that the aside is not audible to other
characters on stage.

Chorus: A group of singers who stand alongside or off stage from the principal
performers in a dramatic or musical performance.
Motif
Definition:
Any
element, subject, idea or concept
that is constantly present through the entire
body of literature.
Using a motif refers to the repetition of a
specific theme dominating the literary work.
Motifs are very noticeable and play a
significant role in defining the nature of the
story, the course of events and the very
fabric of the literary piece.
Motifs in Romeo and Juliet

A motif is a recurring element, such as a type of incident, a
device, a reference, or verbal formula, which appears
frequently in works of literature (Ex: hospitality in The
Odyssey)

Paradoxical nature of life
Ship/Bark
Banking
Earthly
Celestial
Destiny
Education
Light
Darkness
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Themes in Romeo and Juliet
Life is paradoxical.
 Destiny and free-will determine our fate.
 Rules are meant to be broken.
 Good women become wives and
mothers.
 Love causes violence.
 Love transcends all limitations.

“Thanks Will!”

Read the short informational article
“Thanks, Will!”

Complete a one page objective summary
of the text for Homework!

Due Friday!
Homework: Due Friday!

Read the short informational text,
“Thanks Will!” and provide a one page
objective summary of the text.

This is your second homework grade for
this 9 weeks!
Bellringer
Take out your “Thanks Will!” article
 Open Green text to pg. 771and
 Have out your Background Notes from
yesterday.
 Also, locate your literary terms for Unit
Three.

What is a Prologue?

a prologue is a section of any
introductory material before the first
chapter or the main material of a prose
work, or any such material before the first
stanza of a poetic work.
Romeo and Juliet Prologue
Follow along while you watch the
Prologue of the 1996 version of Romeo
and Juliet.
 Think-Pair Share: Get with partner and
paraphrase the prologue.

Act 1

Make sure to keep up with notes focusing on
literary devices:
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Foreshadowing
Metaphor
Paradox
Oxymoron
Juxtaposition
Pun
Foil
Characterization
Imagery
Act 1
Examine the opening lines of Tybalt,
Benvolio, Juliet, Paris, Lord Capulet, Nurse,
and Romeo.
 What is revealed about the characters?

Socratic Seminar expectations

Your quiz grades for Pride and Prejudice will
be made up by your preparation,
participation, and a short ticket-to-leave
response based on whole class discussion of
the novel.
Complete the planning guide provided:30
points
 Participate effectively in discussion: 50 points
 Ticket-to-Leave: 20 points.

What do I need to bring with me?
In class, we will use the edition we have in
class, so that when we refer to page
numbers, everyone is on the same page
(literally!).
 Complete Planning Guide
 Homework Questions completed
through Volume One (Chapter 23).

Writing Assessment Two

Focusing on Shakespeare’s theme, the
paradoxical nature of life, use Acts 1 and 2 of
Romeo and Juliet to explain how
Shakespeare conveys the idea through
literary and poetic devices. Examine his use
of characterization, sound devices, imagery,
juxtaposition, and foil, among other terms.
Point to specific textual quotes and details
throughout your discussion to substantiate
your thesis statement.
Keep up with the opposites used as
we read.
In addition to your notes, you have a purple
graphic organizer to record evidence of
juxtaposition and paradoxes used to
further the theme of Life is Paradoxical.
Be sure to record quotes.
This will make writing your essay MUCH
easier.