Section 5.3:
Kingdom Fungi
pgs. 152-158
What are Examples of Fungi?
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Mushrooms
Toadstools
Moulds
Mildews
Yeast
Fun Fungi Facts
• Fungi are all heterotrophic (cannot make their
own food)!!
• The majority of fungi are multicellular; few are
unicellular
• Fungi bodies are made up of hyphae – a
network of fine filaments
Mycelium
• The main bulk of a fungus is under the soil in
the form of a loose, branching network of
hyphae called the Mycelium
Septa
• Many types of fungi have hyphae that are
divided into cells by cross walls called septa.
How Fungi Feed
• Most fungi are
saprophytes.
• Saprophytes – break down
dead matter and play a
vital role in the recycling of
nutrients.
• Digestion occurs outside
the body. This is called
extracellular digestion.
Parasitic Fungi
• Some fungi are parasites of
plants and animals.
• They feed on living cells.
• They produce hyphae
called haustoria.
• Haustoria penetrate host
cells without immediately
killing them.
Symbiotic Fungi
• Many fungi live in symbiotic relationships with
plants or animals.
• Symbiotic relationship – each organism
benefits.
• Ex. Most trees have fungi living
close to the their roots. Fungi’s
hyphae absorb minerals from
the soil and release them to the
tree’s roots. Fungi benefits by
absorbing sugars from the tree.
• This relationship is called
mycorrhiza (Greek: mykes =
fungus, rhiza = root
Fungi Reproduction
• Many have both asexual and sexual methods
of reproduction.
Asexual Reproduction
Fragmentation – when pieces of the hyphae
are broken off and grow new mycelia
Sexual Reproduction
Spores – reproductive
cells that are
windblown and help
the fungi disperse to
new locations.
Spores can be produced
sexually (sometimes
asexually)
Classifying Fungi
There are 4 phyla of Fungi:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Phylum Zygomycota
Phylum Basidiomycota
Phylum Ascomycota
Phylum Deuteromycota
Phylum Zygomycota
(Zygospore Fungi)
• Ex. Bread mould
• Mostly reproduces asexually
• During sexual reproduction,
they produce zygospores
• Zygospores – structures that
develop after 2 hyphae
combine and fuse their nuclei
together
Phylum Basidiomycota
(Club Fungi)
• Include:
• mushrooms that grow
on lawns
• Bracket fungi on tree
trunks
• Puffballs on woodland
floors
Phylum Basidiomycota
(Club Fungi)
• They are short-lived
structures called
basidiocarps
• They produce spores
called basidiospores on
club-shaped hyphae
called basidia
Phylum Ascomycota
Sac Fungi
Includes:
• Powdery mildews on leaves
• Truffles & morels used in
cooking
• Single-celled yeasts
They have small finger-like sacs
called asci, which they develop
during sexual reproduction
Phylum Deuteromycota
Imperfect Fungi
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Only reproduce asexually
Produce spores called conidia
Is a diverse group
Ex. Penicillium
(first
produced penecillin)
Section 5.3:
Review Questions
• Page 158, #’s 1-6
1. What are the characteristics of the Kingdom
Fungi?
Fungi are non-photosynthetic heterotrophs with
some
plant-like qualities.
2. How are fungi classified?
Fungi are classified according to their
reproductive mechanisms.
3. Contrast sexual and asexual reproduction in
sac fungi.
Asci and modified hyphae produce spores,
but most sac fungi reproduction is sexual.
4. Describe examples of fungi that are
economically important.
Many basiodiomyocotes are raised
commercially for food.
Deuteromycotes can be used to produce
antibiotics.
5. Draw diagrams to explain what hyphae and
mycelium are. Label your diagrams.
Your drawing should indicated that mycelium
is a network made up of another network of
smaller filaments (hyphae).
6. Your neighbour tells you that mushrooms
used to grow in only one small area in the
corner of the lawn, but now they grow all over
the lawn. How would you explain this
observation?
The original mycelium has spread throughout
the yard.