Introduction
Educators are using disruptive
innovation to invert the classroom.
 The concept is gaining acceptance in
colleges and universities.
 So, what is and how do we flip the
classroom?

Disruptive Innovation
Mash-up of current technologies
 Radically alters the established system
 Improves the quality of the deliverables

DI in Education

History
 Writing - 6th to 4th millennium BC
 Printing Press - 1450 A.D.
 Electronic Calculator - 1970-1980
 PC – 1977 (PET, Apple, TRS)
 Tablets - 1990-2010 (iPad)
Each changed education by itself
 Now, numerous technologies are used
together to create new teaching models.

Flipped Classroom

Constructivist theorists





Piaget (1896-1980)
Vygotsky (1896-1934)
Bruner (1915-)
Kolb (1939-)
Constructivism
 Learners construct new ideas based on their
current and past knowledge
 Allows the learners to go beyond the
information provided
Constructivism Process Elements

Context
 Actual life settings (learned experience)

Construction of knowledge
 Within a certain context

Collaboration
 With others to gain information

Conversation
 With others to construct new knowledge
The Un-flipped Classroom

19th and 20th Centuries model:
 Industrial based
 Imitates Ford’s assembly line
 Aimed at the average student
 Lecture me into a stupor
 Little interactivity
 One right answer (Taylorism)
 Intention: develop workers for the country’s
industrial complexes
The Flipped Classroom

21st Century model:
 Knowledge based
 Critical thinking and application
 Aimed at motivated students
 Do not lecture at me
 Great interactivity
 Many perspectives and solutions
 Intention: develop employees for the
knowledge economy
Flipping the Classroom

Revise the pedagogy





Abandon teacher-centered model
Adopt student-centered model
Move the lecture outside the classroom
Move the activities to the classroom
In the classroom, apply the theories presented
in the outside-the-classroom lectures
 Engage students in their own learning
 Let students guide each other in their learning
(peer instruction)
 Flexible classroom
How to Flip the Classroom

1. Content
 Know the content backward and forward
before making a video or podcast.
 Use story boards.
 Create a beginning, a middle and an end
○ Beginning – titles and introduction and over
view
○ Middle – the concepts and ideas
○ End – summary

2. Know your audience
 Understand their needs, experiences and
discourses

3. Don’t be academic
 Get student engaged
 Make connections between the student and
academics
 Work concepts you wish to convey

4. Multimodality
 Sound
 Pictures
 Other videos
Secret is creating a mashup
 Do not reinvent the wheel
 Remember the knowledge section of
learning takes place at home

How It Works
Instructor creates outside-the-classroom
activities using asynchronous clusters.
 The time the student interacts with
these clusters does not matter
 The interaction is what matters!
 The instructor develops activities for
synchronous (real time) clusters
 What takes place in these clusters
paints the picture of the flipped
classroom

Asynchronous Clusters
Student explores concepts and
discovers meaning by seeking answers
to “What” and “So What” questions
 These activities are technology driven.

 Internet, YouTube, Khan Academy
 Instructor creates audio and video lectures
 Engage in chats, blogs, podcasts and
vodcasts, discussions with other students.
Consequences
 Ensure student participation in the out-of-
classroom materials and activities.
 Measureable means to determine extent of
participation.
○ Specific discussion questions about materials
○ Quizzes on specific materials and activities
○ Incorporate questions about materials and
activities into semester tests and final exam.
 The bottom line: Students must know a
consequence exists for not participating.
In the Classroom
Instructor needs to create in-class
activities
 Instructors should use the resources
that are provided within the textbook to
construct these activities.
 These activities should apply concepts
students were to learn in the work they
did at home through the videos,
podcasts, etc.

Example Activities

These activities can include:
 Debates
 Role-play
 Lab activities
 Case studies
 Discussions
 Scenarios
 Simulations
 and more…
Gear to Make Videos
Screen-casting software
 Computer
 Pen-tablet input device
 Microphone
 Webcam.
 Pen-table device and software may be
all that is needed because most new
computers have built in microphones
and cameras.

Simple Tools
Pen and tablet (Bamboo - $60 on up)
 Graphics software (Gimp – Free)
 Microphone ($10 on up)
 Video camera (most computers have
cameras)
 Computer (iMac or PC)

Screen casting software
Captures your computer screen.
 With microphone, software can record
voice.
 Many available programs, some are free
and open source. Find a program that
works for you.
 Video capture software (Screen-o-Matic
is free; Camtasia Studeo is not)

Pen annotation
Key Piece of Equipment – software that
has pen annotation feature
 One is Wacom Bamboo.

Advanced Tools
Cameras
 Microphones
 Lighting
 Green Screens
 Tripods
 Editing Software
 Involves many $$$$

The Upside
Students become engaged in their own
learning.
 Since concepts are learned at home,
the classroom becomes an active
laboratory for application of these
concepts.
 The instructor is readily available to help
lagging students, challenge exceptional
students and nurture the average
student.

The Downside
Creation of the videos and podcasts
and other resources is time intensive.
 Instructors need to learn a variety of
skills outside of their teaching area.
 Creation of classroom activities is a vital
part of flipping the classroom.
 This is where concepts are applied to
real-world situations.
 Finding or creating appropriate videos
on-line

Some Tips

Start small
 Don’t flip all of your courses
 Don’t flip everything in a course

Do simple things
 Do talk overs on PowerPoint slides
 Use a pen and tablet to animate the lecture
 Use screen capture along with a computer
camera
More Tips
As you become more comfortable with
the concept, move to using mounted
cameras, lighting, green screens and
other video technologies.
 Don’t re-invent the wheel

 Don't hesitate to use already created videos
on sites such as YouTube, Khan Academy,
Alanis Business Academy, Finance
Learning Academy, etc.
Questions??