Is a way of organizing ideas in the order of
their occurrence in time, order or sequence.
A
process is usually a fixed or ordered series
of actions or events leading to a result.
 It is safe to say that a process defines a
process of doing something. You have to
describe this process and make your
description absorbing and clear.
 It either instructs the reader to do
something or tells how something was done.
 Explain the significance of the analyzed
process.. the effect this process may have on
objects or even people.
 What
is the process?
 What is the significance of the process?
 Who is your target audience?
 Are there multiple processes of that
particular task?
 What tools and skills are required?
 What is the time duration of the process?
 What are the steps and their importance?
 What problems could arise in the process?
 What are the precautions?
When developing an essay through process
analysis, you should keep several points in mind:
 Be sure to include all steps and arrange them in
sequence.
 Explain why each step is necessary, and include
warnings where appropriate.
 Define any terms that your readers may not be
familiar with.
 Offer clear descriptions of any tools or materials
needed to carry out the process.
 Provide your readers with a way of determining
whether or not the process has been carried out
successfully.
 You
should include precautions when necessary
before the step to which they refer. Consider the
differences between the types of precautions and
choose the most suitable one for your particular
case:
 - "Warning!" implies immediate threat to life
and/or limb if the step is mishandled.
 - "Caution!" indicates immediate threat of bodily
harm if the step is mishandled.
 - "Attention!" emphasizes that there is an
immediate probability of making a common error
with the step.
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There have to be steps which must be indicated with the proper use
of transitional words. Some transitional words are as follows:
Immediately
After that
In beginning
Then
Firstly
At the end
At the same time
In the mean time
Meanwhile
During
Later
Finally
Next
Soon after
After a few seconds/minutes/hours
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Introduction
Introduce the process and its significance with necessary background of the process to
help the readers to perform the work safely and efficiently. . Another factor to mention
is the true meaning of this process and its everyday life application. Therefore the
reader learns in which spheres he can later apply the knowledge of this process. Present
the aim of the procedure. Explain some specialized terms State thesis statement which
normally includes the indication of the steps.
Body
Start with the topic sentence and further explain it with main supporting sentences
followed by minor supporting sentences.

Repeat this process of first body paragraph in the rest of the body paragraphs of your
process essay writing.
Conclusion
Restate the thesis statement in a rephrased manner.
Summarize all the major steps or instructions of the complete process or write about the
results of the process. It is a good idea to offer the readers some further advice or refer
them to other sources of information. Sometimes the last part of the process essay gives
the reader some troubleshooting advice. The conclusion paragraph reveals the result of
the process. It is also offers a thesis restatement to reinforce the significance of the
procedure.
DIRECTIONAL PROCESS..
Examples (How to find an
apartment, how to take
an A, how to annoy your
teacher, how to study for
an exam, steps on how to
gain your teacher’s trust.
 The purpose is to clarify
the steps in the procedure
so that the reader can
recreate the steps and the
results.
INFORMATIONAL
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Those that explain or
analyze like how
something works (a
computer, a Cell phone,
hurricanes, nuclear plant.)
The purpose is to inform,
explain and analyze. But
the reader here is not
expected to recreate the
process. He/she should be
aware of negative
consequences.
 1.
Be aware of the audience (readers).
 Example: How to paint a room is explained
differently to professional or experienced
painters from those who are inexperienced
and require very specific details.
 So the question here is how much does the
reader know about the topic?
The steps should be arranged in the order of
their appearance or importance.
3. Don’t leave out anything important to make
the process complete.
Example: If you are explaining the process of
getting a driver’s license to international
students who are studying in the U.S.A.
 You
need to list the steps as follows:
1. First, Go to the Motor Vehicle
Department.
2. Over there, take a vision test.
3. After that, take the written test.
4. Then, take the driving test.
5. At the end, you pay the fee.
 Example:
 If
you are describing how to change a flat
tire, you need to explain what a lug wrench
is (the tool that removes the bolts from the
tire); otherwise, the reader would not know
which tool is being discussed.
 By
warning your readers of difficulties in
the process.
 Example: You should warn your reader to
practice parallel parking before going to
take the driving test, or what to do if the
car stalls or stops running.
 By explaining the purpose of a step when
necessary.
 Example: Why the seeker of a driver’s
license should have his/her car checked
before going to the driving test. (might
get a citation for having a brake light
out.)
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Should have a strong central idea:
There are three major steps involved in
changing a tire.( not strong)
Changing a flat tire is really quite easy.
(strong)
 (Dramatic
Entrance). Why the process is
being discussed? So tell a story.
 Developmental paragraphs: Describing the
process. If you are describing how to do
something and the process requires that the
reader obtains some items first, then these
should be listed in the first paragraph.
Example: preparing for a party.
Conclusion:
Paraphrase the thesis or subtopics.
Then, discuss the results of the process and
tell how effective they might be to achieve
the goals.
Transitions:
Sequence markers like first, next, after that, then,
the last step.
Participle phrases such as after doing something,
you need to… more on page 235.
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 How to succeed at a job interview?
 How to improve a course you have taken.
 How a student becomes burned out.
 How to maintain a good relationship with your
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 How to write your coursework essay.
 The process of recycling/digestion
