Performance Evaluation of Roundabouts for Traffic Delay and Crash Reductions in Oxford M I S S I S S I P P I D E PA R T M E N T O F T R A N S P O R TAT I O N S TAT E S T U D Y 2 1 3 Waheed Uddin, PhD., P.E. Professor and Director, CAIT Center for Advanced Infrastructure Technology Department of Civil Engineering The University of Mississippi http://www.olemiss.edu/projects/cait/Index.html Project Overview The overall goal of this study is to assess the performance of a double roundabout interchange at the South Lamer Boulevard Exit on Highway 6 with respect to traffic flow, capacity, safety improvements, benefit/cost, and public opinion. Task 1 ─ Collect and Review Pre-roundabout Data Historical traffic and historical crash data – Provided by MDOT Prior studies –Traffic and Planning Studies (Completed by Neel-Schaffer on behalf of MDOT) Plans - (Provided by MDOT) Task 2 ─ Collect and Analyze Post-roundabout Data Current available traffic and crash data – Provided by MDOT On-site traffic data collection – completed by engineering students Traffic analysis of current traffic data – completed by Graduate student Task 3 ─ Conduct Road Users’ and Public Survey Anonymous on-site and telephone surveys Task 4 ─ Submit and Present Interim Report Task 5 ─ Finalize Data Collection, Complete Analysis, and Evaluate Results Task 6 ─ Final Report 2 Highway 6 and South Lamar Avenue Interchange Prior to the roundabout construction the interchange experienced extreme delay, was a safety concern, and was projected to exceed capacity limitation by 2016. Planned roundabouts on South Lamar Blvd. (courtesy of James Sullivan, MDOT) The signalized and stop controlled intersections were replaced with a double roundabout interchange, a full roundabout on one side and a teardrop shape on the other. Current roundabout on South Lamar Blvd. (Google Earth) 3 Total Vehicles per Hour for North and South Bound Traffic Data Collected by The University of Mississippi Engineering Students Dates of Collection: October 12 – 17, 2009 Collection time: 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM Collection intervals: 15 minute Vehicle Class Distribution: Motorcycle, Truck, Bus, Passenger Car Total VPH North Bound Total VPH South Bound Total VPH 2000 Vehicles per Hour Intersection of Hwy 6 Ramps and South Lamar Avenue 2500 1500 1000 500 0 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 Hour AM PM 4:00 5:00 6:00 Traffic Analysis Results from microsimulation software Delay and Speed Results Queuing Results Environmental Impacts of Roundabouts Decrease in vehicular emissions and fuel consumption by reducing idling time at intersection Vehicles stopping at traffic signals and stop signs emit more CO2 when compared to vehicles at roundabouts as the delay and queuing are greater When vehicles are idle in a queue they emit about 7 times as much CO as vehicles traveling at 10 mph. The emissions from a stopped vehicle are about 4.5 times greater than a vehicle moving at 5 mph [environmental impacts of modern roundabouts] Emission Rates by Speed and LOS for Light-Duty Vehicles and Trucks g/veh/mi Air Pollutant Emissions For Pre- and Post - Roundabout* Air Pollutant Stop - Controlled Intersection Roundabout Intersection VOC emissions (g/hr) 6,030 1,399 CO emissions (g/hr) 89,535 20,779 NOx emissions (g/hr) 4,484 1,041 PM 10 emissions (g/hr) 439 101 * Emission values based on traffic data and speeds from Microsimulation Software. What Makes Roundabouts Safer? Stop Controlled Intersection 25 Contact Points • Less Contact Points • Lower Travel Speeds Roundabout 7 Contact Points • Geometry • Calmer Drive Crash data for Highway 6 and South Lamar Interchange Crash Reduction Pre- and Post- Roundabout AM and PM Crash Data JH_Oxford_Crash_Data_SL.xls Crash Data for the Highway 6 and South Lamar Intersection Average Number of Crashes per Half a Year Pre- and Post- Roundabout 6 12 5am - 5pm 5pm- 5am 5 8 PostRoundabout 6 4 Average Number of Crashes per 6 Months 10 Number of Crashes Jessica Headrick_9.11.09 4 3 2 1 2 0 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Pre-Roundabout Post-Roundabout 1 Year Daytime crashes were significantly reduced in the first year of the roundabout opening to traffic. The t-test concludes that the installment of the roundabouts do have a significant effect on the number of crashes reduced. Public Opinion Survey Locations of collection: On-site at two convenience stores adjacent to the roundabouts Random telephone and e-mail surveys Factors: Age Familiarity Favorability Results showed overwhelming approval of the roundabouts and support construction of more roundabouts. Respondents commented…to install improved signage including flashing lights and additional pavement markings, especially at the south roundabout. Performance Analysis of Roundabouts Since the replacement of the signal controlled interchange with the roundabout interchange: Driver delay has reduced by 24%. Driver idling time has reduced by 77%. Driver fuel wastage has reduced by 56%. Travel time through the interchange has increased by 67%, saving drivers approximately $806,018 annually*. Crashes and crash related injuries have been significantly reduced savings an annual comprehensive cost of $86,008 U.S. dollars. Drivers favor the roundabouts over the signalized intersections at this location. *Annual total of all vehicles through the interchange. 10