Movement of Peoples;
HOW THE GOLD GENERATION
TRANSFORMED VICTORIA
Marion Littlejohn
Education Officer, Sovereign Hill Museums
July, 2014.
Year 9 Depth studies
1
Making a Better World?
2
Australia and Asia
3
World War I
Making a Better World?
Students investigate how life changed in the period in depth through the study
of ONE of these major developments:
1. The Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1914)
2. Movement of peoples (1750 – 1901)
3. Progressive ideas and movements (1750 – 1918)
The study includes the causes and effects of the development,
and the Australian experience.
http://ausvels.vcaa.vic.edu.au/Level9
Key inquiry questions
• What were the changing features of the movements of
people from 1750 to 1918?
• How did new ideas and technological developments
contribute to change in this period?
• What was the origin, development, significance and
long-term impact of imperialism in this period?
http://ausvels.vcaa.vic.edu.au/Level9
Victoria was transformed by the massive movement of people who arrived during
the Gold Rush and who sowed the seeds of our modern society.
The huge numbers arriving after 1851 came overwhelmingly from the educated
middle-classes of Britain and they swamped earlier arrivals.
They differed from the pre-gold generation and created a society that was different
to what existed in Britain or Europe at that time.
By 1856 the colony of Victoria was one of the most democratic in the world and one
of the most prosperous.
Inquiry question
•
How did new ideas and
technological developments
contribute to change in this
period?
Gutenberg Printing Press, c. 1440
The Industrial Revolution
Inquiry question
•
How did new ideas and technological developments
contribute to change in this period?
Inquiry Question
What was the origin,
development,
significance and
long-term impact of
imperialism in this
period?
Queen Victoria
[ 1819-1901 ]
By
Franz Xaver
Winterhalter
1837 Victoria crowned Queen of Great Britain and Ireland
British Empire in 1886
(Inset shows British Territories in 1776)
Inquiry question
•
How did new ideas and
technological
developments
contribute to change in
this period?
1808 Trevithick charged one shilling at his Steam Circus to view his
“Catch me who can” steam locomotive
Isambard Kingdom
Brunel 1806-1859
by the launching chains
of the Great Eastern
by Robert Howlett, 1857
Brunel’s Great Western railway linking London to Bristol included this two-milelong Tunnel at Box; then the longest railway tunnel in the world.
Construction began in 1836 and the tunnel opened in 1841.
By 1846 – 5,000 miles of railway track are laid in Britain
Launch of Great Britain at Bristol, July 1843. Painting by Joseph Walter
Launch of the Great Britain by HRH Prince Albert in 1843
•
Inquiry question
How did new ideas and technological
developments contribute to change in this
period?
From the "Bertoloni Album," 1839
[The Oriel Window, South Gallery,
Lacock Abbey], 1835 or 1839
William Henry Fox Talbot
(British, 1800–1877)
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tlbt/hd_tlbt.htm
William Henry Fox Talbot
Photogenic drawing
Album of 36 photogenic drawings
Inquiry question
•
How did new ideas and
technological developments
contribute to change in this
period?
1838 Publication of
The People’s Charter
start of Chartism
1840 The Penny Post is introduced in Britain
1842 end of first Opium War – Britain gains Hong Kong
Inquiry Question
How did new ideas
and technological
developments
contribute to change
in this period?
Edward Jenner
by James Northcote
1840 Smallpox vaccination - using cowpox - provided free in Britain
- other treatments of smallpox banned
Reenactment – first use of ether Massachusetts General Hospital
1846
1854 John Snow links contaminated
water to the spread of cholera
Florence Nightingale
c. 1860
The Chartist Demonstration on Kennington
Common, 10th April 1848,
by William Barnes Wollen
1848 – Major Chartist demonstration in London
The Great Chartist Meeting on Kennington Common, London, April 10, 1848,
photograph taken by William Kilburn. Black-and-white photograph with applied colour.
Original at Windsor Castle.
"The Declaration of Independence"
by John Trumbull (mural in the Capitol Building,
Washington D.C.)
“We hold these truths to be selfevident, that all men are created
equal, that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among
these are Life, Liberty and the
pursuit of Happiness.”
4th July, 1776
Batman trading with Aboriginal People, SLV, 1886
Map of Victorian Aborigines language territories
Inquiry Question
What was the origin,
development, significance and
long-term impact of
imperialism in this period?
Red = 1837
Black = 1838
The Emigrants 1844 by Elizabeth Walker
Poole, P.F. The Emigrants Departure, 1838
Ercildoune
1835 – 1851 The Port Phillip District of NSW was developing as a Squattocracy
Inquiry Question
What were the changing features of the movements of people
from 1750 to 1918?
The Forest Creek
Diggings,
Mount Alexander,
London Illustrated
News, 1852
S.T. Gill, The Rush
Population of Victoria
increases 7 times
over 10 years
1851 – 1861.
Serle, G. The Golden Age; A history of the colony of Victoria 1851 – 1861 (MUP, 1977)
Page 382
Ford Maddox-Brown, The Last Of England, 1854
Inquiry Question
What were the changing features of the
movements of people from 1750 to
1918?
Port Phillip Society 1835 - 1851
Victoria changed by gold
1851 →
S.T. Gill. Butchers Shamble, F. Creek. 1852.
S.T. Gill, Diggers Hut, Canvas & Bark 1852
BY 1861:
• Melbourne the fastest growing city in the world
• Parliament House, Treasury Building, State Library Melbourne
University opened
• Ballarat, Bendigo and Castlemaine substantial provincial centres
• Expanding rail network
• Manhood suffrage
• Secret ballot
• Payment of Members of Parliament
• Abolition of property qualifications for Members of Parliament
• End of dominance of Squatters
• Eight hour day achieved by Ballarat workers
But
• The population was still overwhelmingly British
• Retained loyalty and ties to Britain
Samuel Brees, Flemington Road, 1856
‘The Mongolian Octopus', cartoon by Phillip May in The Bulletin, 21 August 1886.
1883 – the 100th steam
locomotive to be built in
Ballarat’s Phoenix Foundry
Phoenix Foundry, Ballarat 1873
Inquiry question
How did new ideas and
technological developments
contribute to change in this
period?
Ballarat - view from the Town Hall, 1872
Charles Darwin,
aged 45 in 1854, by then working
towards publication of
On the Origin of Species
Published 1859
Inquiry question
How did new ideas and
technological developments
contribute to change in this
period?
Inquiry question
What was the origin,
development,
significance and longterm impact of
imperialism in this
period?