Name: Michelle Wildman
Instructor: Dr. Sharon O’Connor –Petruso
Course: CBSE 7201 T
Fall 2012/Spring2013
Research Design ………………………………………..1
Threats to Internal Validity…………………………..2
Threats to External Validity…………………………..3
Proposed Data ……………………………………………4
Pre-Test/Post -Test Results……………………………5
Sample Questions from Questionnaire…………..6
Survey Results and Analysis…………………………..7-8
References…………………………………………………..9
Pre-Experimental Design.
One group of 20 participants none randomly
assigned because there is no control group.
Pre-Test (O) will be administered to
participants before treatment(X) and a Post –Test
(O)to determine the experiment’s success.
The symbolic design :OXO.
History: Unforeseen events/ teacher or students absence.
Maturation: Students may loss interest in worksheet related
activities as they will be exposed to worksheet activities over three
months.
Testing/Pretesting Sensitization: Pre-Test offer a glimpse of what
to look for on Post-Test.
Selection Maturation Interaction: Students attain different levels of
literacy skills.
Pre-Treatment: Participants may try to recall questions
from the Pre-Test.
Experimenter Effects: Researcher may be bias in setting
questions to indicate a high or low mean score.
Reactive Arrangements/Participants Effects:
Hawthorn Effect : Participants may put out more effort on
the tests knowing they are being tested.
 Pre/Post-Test consisting of similar
literacy skills.
 Students Worksheet
 Students Survey
Pre-Test/Post-Test Results
Students
A
Pre-Test
Post-Test
40
Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores
55
100
B
30
55
90
70
85
D
89
90
E
60
75
F
40
50
Average
54.83333
68.33333
Median
79.5
87.5
80
70
Students' Scores
C
60
50
Pre-Test
Post-Test
40
30
20
10
Mode
40
55
0
Range
59
35
A
B
C
D
Students
E
F
Sufficient time was given for the Pre-Test
Strongly
Agree 5
Agree 4
Unsure 3
Agree 2
Strongly
Disagree 1
Teacher Assist students with difficult worksheet task
Always 5
Usually 4
Sometimes 3
Rarely 4
Never 1
Which subject worksheet is most effective in developing literacy skills
_______________________
Survey Results & Analysis
Correlation Between Pre-Test Score and
Time Given For Pre-Test
100
90
80
Pre-Test Scores
70
60
y
50
Linear
()
40
30
20
10
0
0
1
2
3
4
Sufficient Time Given For Pre- test
5
6
.749 indicates a strong
positive correlation
between the time given to
do the pre-Test and the
students’ scores on the
pre-test.
Survey Results & Analysis
Correlation Between Students' Pre- Test
Scores and The Classroom Environment
100
90
80
Pre-Test Scores
70
60
50
Y
Linear (Y)
40
.979 indicates a strong
positive correlation between
the classroom environment
and the Pre-Test scores.
30
20
10
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
The Classroom Environment is Right for the Pre-Test
6
O’Connor-Petrusso, O. (2013). Descriptive Statistic
Threats to Validity [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved
from https://bbhos.cuny.edu/webapps/portal/frameset