SDV
Social Development
Department
Addressing the
Social Dimensions of Climate Change
and Climate Risk Management
Margaret Arnold
Senior Social Development Specialist
Social Dimensions of Climate Change, SDV
September 21, 2010
Workshop on Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation
Washington DC, September 2010
SDV
Social Development
Department
What are the social dimensions of climate change?
Overview of SDCC program – mitigation and adaptation pillars
What does CC mean for DRM and Social Development?
What does SD and DRM bring to CC? What are the entry points?
Approaches and tools to integrate a social development approach to climate risk
management related projects
Examples from recent and ongoing work
Workshop on Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation
Washington DC, September 2010
The lower the GDP,
the more people killed
by natural disasters
World map reflecting
carbon emissions
*Annual aggregate national CO2 emissions 2000
Source: SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan), 2006, cited in
Global Humanitarian Forum (2009), The Anatomy of a Silent Crsis
Emissions and vulnerability
to climate change
(adapted from SEG 2007)
Highest vulnerability towards climate change vs. largest CO2 emissions (from fossil fuel combustion
and cement production, and including land use change, kg C per person and year from 1950 - 2003)
Largest per capita CO2 emitters
Highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Largest per capita CO2 emitters, and highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability
Areas with highest ecological vulnerability
SDCC Practice Group:
Focus on equity dimensions of CC within
developing countries
Resilience and pro-poor adaptation to climate change
• understanding how climate- and non climate-related drivers of
vulnerability interact with one another;
• identifying appropriate operational and policy entry points for
building societal resilience and pro-poor adaptation to natural
disasters, climate variability and change;
Social risks and opportunities in climate change action
• both adaptation and mitigation can entail significant distributional,
poverty and social impacts
• maximizing the potential ‘development dividend’ from low-carbon
growth strategies for poor and vulnerable groups, including the
livelihood co-benefits of terrestrial (soil and forest) carbon schemes
• minimizing the risks of elite capture and social exclusion in such
forms of climate action.
SDCC online learning module
GOALS
1. Enhance understanding of vulnerability and
resilience in order to improve the quality of
advisory services and technical
assistance
2. Explore how equity and good governance
contribute to improved development
effectiveness in the context of climate change
3. Provide information on tools and methods
that enhance our capacity to achieve
development effectiveness and avoid negative
social impacts
www.worldbank.org/sdcc
3 inter-disciplinary areas of study and
practice related to poverty reduction
Disaster
Risk
Management
(DRM)
Climate Change
Adaptation
(CCA)
Social
Development
A new context for development
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ever evolving, scientific information at
global level on risk scenarios – ability to
drill down effectively not there yet
Complex social responses to these
impacts and issues of social justice (substantive equity)
Critical need to increase voice, capacity
and engagement of vulnerable groups in
setting development and CC priorities at
national and sub-national level
(procedural equity)
High visibility agenda and political will to
focus on risk in development
Opportunity/challenge to work across
sectors and layers
$$$?
What do DRM and SD bring to CCA?
• Tangibility
• Practical solutions
• Lessons from decades of good and
bad practice
• Social accountability , social learning
approaches and participatory
methods
• DRM as an important point of entry
for dialogue and action
Existing SD frameworks and
tools bring added value
•Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
•Assets and Capabilities Framework
•Social Risk Management Framework
Tools and approaches for operationalizing
climate risk management and adaptation
From forthcoming SDCC Operational Toolkit
Approach/Tool
Social Analysis of
Investment Lending
Description
Examines the social opportunities,
constraints and likely impacts of Banksupported operations
Poverty and Social Impact Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) is
Analysis (PSIA)
a tool used to analyze the distributional
impact of policy reforms on the well-being
or welfare of different stakeholder groups,
with particular focus on the poor and
vulnerable.
Country Social Analysis
Macro-level analytical approach, developed
to improve understanding of a country’s
political and social context.
Country Gender
Improve understanding of the role gender
Assessment
issues play in a country’s development
context in order to improve opportunities
for women.
Stakeholder Analysis
Determine the interests and influence of
different groups in relation to a reform.
Key resources
Social Analysis Sourcebook, (World
Bank), 2002
A User’s Guide to Poverty and Social
Impact Analysis (The World Bank),
2003
Analyzing the Distributional Impact
of Reforms (The World Bank), 2005
“Understanding Socio-economic and
Political Factors to Impact Policy
Change” (World Bank), 2006
A Conceptual Framework for Gender
Analysis and Planning (International
Labour Organisation), 1998
Gender Assessment (World Bank), 2006
Social Analysis Sourcebook, (World
Bank), 2002
Tools and approaches, cont.
Participatory
Monitoring and
Evaluation
Engaging stakeholders at various levels in M&E
of a project, program or policy. They share
control over the process and results of the M&E
and engage in identifying corrective actions.
Community-based Risk Provides an understanding of the links between
Screening Toolpeople’s livelihoods, climate-related risks, and
Adaptation and
project activities.
Livelihoods (CRiSTAL)
Participatory Poverty
Includes poor people's views in the analysis of
Assessments
poverty and the formulation of strategies to
reduce it through public policy.
Participatory Scenario
Including communities’ views in the analysis of
Development for
climate vulnerability and the formulation of
Climate Change
mitigation/adaptation strategies to reduce it.
Institutional Analysis
Understanding of political economy and
governance issues through analysis of
institutions involved in design and
implementation of reforms and potential
constraints that these dynamics generate.
Resettlement for
Toolkit and case studies from Latin America
disaster risk reduction
Building Resilient
CDD toolkit for integrating DRM into CDD and
Communities
social fund operations.
Community Risk
Assessment Toolkit
Searchable database of 50+ methods and
approaches for community based vulnerability
and risk assessment
Sleeping on our own mats: An
Introductory guide to Community-based
Monitoring and Evaluation (World Bank),
2002
ProVention Consortium Guidance Notes
www.proventionconsortium.org
Participatory Poverty Assessment - A
Rough Guide to PPAs (Overseas
Development Institute), 2001
Economics of Adaptation to Climate
change - Social Dimensions ( SDV) 2009.
A User’s Guide to Poverty and Social
Impact Analysis (The World Bank), 2003;
Interest Groups and Organizations as
Stakeholders, SD Paper 35 (World Bank),
2001
Social Development, forthcoming.
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INT
SF/Resources/Building_Resilient_Comm
unities_Complete.pdf
www.proventionconsortium.org
Example 1: Early warning in Bangladesh
• Investment in cyclone shelters
that were not being used
• Women responded more to
early warnings issued by
women
• Adjustments to physical space
could make them safer and
more comfortable for women
• Promotion of women as
disaster risk management
champions
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•
•
•
•
Example 2:
Andra Pradesh Drought Adaptation Initiative
(APDAI)
Bank study on adaptation in AP recommended
a strategy with focus on local level
Pilot targeted the two districts with lowest
income
Dual focus on improved water management
and livelihood diversification
Focus on participatory approach in all stages
Of 19 pilots, more than half are being
upscaled
Example 3:
Mexico Sustainable Territorial Development DPL
• Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) –
analyzing the distributional impacts of climate
related disasters and how social assistance programs
help the poor manage risk
• DRM component
– Risk identification
– Risk reduction
– Risk financing
www.worldbank.org/sdcc
For more: www.worldbank.org/sdcc