iPhone Development
박종화
suakii@gmail.com
Contents
• Requirements
• iOS SDK
• iOSOverView
• Objective-C
• Design Pattern
• App Dev Cycle
• QA
Trend
Smartphone OS
2009
2010
/표준
/표준
/표준/표준
/표준
/표준/표준
/표준
/표준
/표준
Symbian
Research In
Motion
Android
iOS
Microsoft
Windows
Mobile
/표준
/표준
/표준/표준
Linux
Other OSs
Smartphone OS
Microsoft
Windows
Mobile
5%
Linux Other OSs
3%
2%
Symbian
41%
iOS
14%
Android
17%
Research In Motion
18%
Why?
Differences
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Only One Running Application
Only One Window
Limited Access
Limited Response Time
Limited Screen Size
Limited System Resources
No Garbage Collection
Requirements
Requirements
• Intel Based Snow Leopard
• iPhone or iPod Touch
• Xcode
• iOSSDK
• Objected Oriented Concepts
Hardware
Hardware
Hardware
Hardware
Software
Developer Programs
• iOS Developer – Individual ($99/year)
• iOS Developer – Enterprise ($299/year)
• iOS Developer – Student ($0)
iPhone Platform
• ARM Processor(Samsung, Apple)
• 512MB RAM (iPhone4)
• BSD UNIX
• Mach kernel
• COCOA APIs
iOS SDK
SDK Tools
• Frameworks
• Xcode Tools
• iPhone Simulator
• iPhone Reference Library
Frameworks
• Apple delivers most of its system
interfaces in special packages called
frameworks.
• A framework is a directory that contains
a dynamic shared library and the
resources need to support that library
Frameworks
Xcode Tools
Xcode
Interface Builder
Instruments
Xcode
Interface Builder
Instruments
Xcode Tools
• GCC compiler 4.2
• Support for Obj-C, C++, Java, Python
and Ruby (iPhone only uses Obj-C &
C++)
• Code editor with code completion
• Support for SVN and CVS
Interface Builder
• Tool for laying out interfaces
• Separate Tool from Xcode
• Bind Actions and Outlets in Controllers
Simulator
Simulator
Simulator
iOS OverView
iOS 4.1
• Multitasking
• Folders
• Threaded email
• iBooks
• Game Center
• Not support Flash or Java
iOS
Cocoa Touch
Core OS
OSX Kernel Power Management
Media
Core Services
Core OS
Mach 3.0
Keychain Access
BSD
Certificates
Sockets
File System
Security
Bonjour
iOS
Cocoa Touch
Media
Core Services
Core OS
Core Services
Collections
Core Location
Address Book
Net Services
Networking
Threading
File Access
Preferences
SQLite
URL Utilities
iOS
Cocoa Touch
Media
Core Services
Core OS
Media
Core Audio
JPEG, PNG, TIFF
OpenAL
PDF
Audio Mixing
Quartiz (2D)
Audio Recording
Core Animation
Video Playback
OpenGL ES
iOS
Cocoa Touch
Media
Core Services
Core OS
Cocoa Touch
Multi-Touch
Alerts
Core Motion
Web View
View Hierarchy
Map Kit
Localization
Image Picker
Controls
Camera
Application Life Cycle
Event-Handling
Interruptions
Main.m
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
int retVal = UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, nil);
[pool release];
return retVal;
}
Performance
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Do Not Block the Main Thread
Use Memory Efficiently
Floating-Point Math Considerations
Reduce Power Consumption
Tune Your Code
Improve File Access Times
Tune Your Networking Code
Objective-C
OO Terms
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Class
Instance
Message
Method
Instance Variable
Inheritance
Superclass/Subclass
Protocol
History
Objective-C
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Somewhere in-between C++ and Java
Created by Brad Cox & Tom Love
Invented in 1980’s for Next Computing
Based on C with SmallTalk like extentions
Used in COCOA, OpenStep and GNUStep
Class based OO language
Objective-C
•
•
객체를 중심으로 작성
•
동작을 객체의 method, 객체의 데이터를
instance variable
•
Objective-C는 동적인 언어로서 실행시에
객체나 매소드가 변할 수 있다.
객체는 데이터와 데이터를 조작하는 동작으로
이루어진다.
Class Interface
#import <UIKit/Uikit.h>
@interface HelloWorldViewController : UIViewController {
//Instance Variable
UIButton button;
UILabel *label;
}
//property
@property (nonautomatic, retain) IBOutletUILabel *label;
//method
-(IBAction)sayHello:(id)sender;
@end
Class Implementation
#import “HelloWorldViewController.h”
@implementation HelloWorldViewController
@synthesize label;
-(IBAction) sayHello:(id) sender {
label.text = @”Hello, World”;
}
-(void)viewDidLoad {
}
-(void)dealloc {
[label release];
[super dealloc];
}
@end
Class Allocation
• HelloWorldViewController *obj =
[[HelloWorldViewControlleralloc] init];
Property
•
인스턴스 변수에 대한 접근자메소드의 구현의
편리
label - getter
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•
setLabel: - setter
@synthesize
Dot Syntax
label.text = @”Hello, World”;
[label setText:@”Hello, World”];
Properties
• Readonly
• Retain
• Readwrite
• Copy
• Assign
Calling Methdos
[anObjectsomeMethod];
[anObjectsomeMethod: anotherObject];
[anObjectsomeMethod:
anotherObjectwithAnotherArgument:
yetAnotherObject]
Sending Messages
•
Objective-C 에서는 해당 객체에 메시지를
보낸다라고 표현한다.
•
객체에 메시지를 보내면 해당 메소드를
불러주는 구조
•
Receiver may be nil(null)
Memory Management
• C used methods like malloc and free
• C++ used methods like new and delete
• Objective-C uses retain pool
• Garbage Collection on the Mac, but not
on the iPhone
Creating Objects
NSString *string = [[NSStringalloc] init];
-> You are responsible for releasing the memory
NSString *string = [NSStringstringWithString:@”Hello”];
-> The object will be autoreleased.
Reference Counting
• An Object knows how many times it is
referenced
• Manually managed or through the
autorelease pool
• As soon as it falls to 0, the destructor
dealloc is automatically called
alloc-retain-release
alloc
+1
retain
+1
release
-1
release
-1
Memory Management
• NSString *name = [[NSStringalloc] init];
• [name retain];
• [name release];
• [name autorelease];
Obj-C Vs C++
Obj-C vs C++
Obj-C vs C++
Obj-C vs C++
Obj-C vs C++
Obj-C vs C++
Obj-C vs C++
Design Pattern
MVC
View
Model
Controller
MVC
• Model
• 모델은 앱 상태(및 데이터)를
관리하며, 데이터 영속성을
제공하기도 한다. 이것은 완전히
UI와는 분리되어 있으며 사용자에게
직접 드러나지 않는 부분이다.
MVC
View
• 사용자가 실제로 보는 부분이며,
사용자에게 모델을 보여준다. 뷰를
통해서 사용자가 데이터를
변경하도록 하며 이벤트를 생성하게
하거나 이벤트에 응답하도록 한다.
인터페이스 빌더 또는 프로그램
코드에 의해서 생성할 수 있다.
MVC
• Controller
• 사용자 입력 때문에 데이터가
변경되거나 데이터가 변경되어
사용자에게 변경된 데이터를
보여주려고 할 때, 뷰와 모델을 연결
및 중재하는 역할을 한다. 이
컨트롤러에서 앱의 처리 논리를
구현한다.
Delegation
• 다른 객체를 대신해서 책임지고 어떠한
일을 해주는 클래스
UIAccelerometerDelegate
(the delegator)
Moving
MainController
(the delegate)
Delegation
• Control passed to delegate objects to
perform application specific behavior
• Avoids need to subclass complex
objects
• Many UIKit classes use delegates
Target-Action
• Button Touch – Message send
App Dev Cycle
Development Cycle
Submit
Idea
Develop
Check
Prototype
Create a Mockup http://iphonemockup.lkmc.ch
Prototype
Coding
1 Vs N
Resources
• Images
• Sounds
• Strings
• Database
Test
• DogFooding
• Friend
• …..
Distribution
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Questions?