ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
WHAT IS THE INTELLIGENCE?
Intelligence is the faculty of understanding
“Intelligence is not to make no mistakes
but quickly to understand how to make
them good”
WHAT IS THE ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE?
A.I is the study of ideas that enable
computers to be intelligent.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is usually
defined as the science of making
computers do things that require
intelligence when done by humans.
HISTORY OF AI

Evidence of Artificial Intelligence folklore can be
traced back to ancient Egypt.
With the development of the
electronic computer in 1941, the
technology finally became available
to create machine intelligence.
Can machines think?!
During the World War II, Alan
Mathison Turing was interested
in Crypto Analysis in order to
solve the algorithm of Nazi’s
Enigma Machines
Turing is widely considered to be
thefather of computer science
and artificial intelligence.
Alan Mathison Turing
In 1955, the term “Artificial
Intelligence” was first offered by
John MacCarthy
.McCarhty, defines it as "the
science and engineering of making
intelligent machines"
John MacCarthy
WHERE THE AI IS USED?
Empowered computer companies such as
Microsoft, Apple, Xerox, IBM came up with a
slogan “Personal Computer”
AI is the basic programming logic of today’s our
personal computers.
http://science.discovery.com/tv-shows/brink/videos/brink-artificialintelligence-arrives.htm
HOW DOES ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE WORK?
Artificial intelligence works
with the help of

Artificial Neurons (Artificial
Neural Network)
(connectionism)
And

Scientific Learning
(Symbolism)
ARTIFICIAL NEURONS
AND
HOW THEY WORK
Artificial Neural Network (also
called Connectionism) is
currently one of the major
specialist sub-areas within
Artificial Intelligence (AI).
•Neurons
•The four basic function
a) Dendrites
b) Soma
c)
Axon
d) Synapses
ARTIFICIAL NEURONS
AND
HOW THEY WORK
TURING TEST
The Turing test is a test
of a machine's ability to
demonstrate intelligence.
A is a machine,
B is a person,
C in an interrogator.
THE CHİNESE ROOM TEST
The Counter Argument Of Turing Test
A man called x sits in room with boxes full of strings of
Chinese characters and instructor book manipulating
strings of Chinese characters.
THE CHINESE ROOM TEST
THE COUNTER ARGUMENT OF TURING TEST
•Another person called y
•Send a letter with Chinese
characters
•Get answer with Chinese
characters
•Y think that x knows
Chinese
JOHN SEARLE says that
without
UNDERSTANDİNG,
neither a computer nor a
man are thinking.
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TryOC83PH1g
SCIENTIFIC LEARNINGS
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE
&
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
MACHINE LEARNING
The capability of an AI
system to improve its
performance over a period
of time.
Machine learning is a
scientific discipline.
FAILURE-DRIVEN LEARNING
Failure-driven Learning is
Creating a program that will learn by making
mistakes and then finding a solution so that
mistake doesn't happen again.
LEARNING BY BEING TOLD
It's simply interaction of a teacher (human)
and the AI student.
Instead of saying “It's easier to move the
little boxes first”
 The teacher could say “move little boxes
first.”
LEARNING BY EXPLORATION
The purpose of
learning to
explore is to just
gather
information, and
not really pursue
a goal.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
VS
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE;
 never forget!
 can be copied!
 is cheaper then human
intelligence!
No contradiction in AI!
 can be documented!
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE;
Is creative!
Has…
Presented by:
Nur Berfin ÇİROĞLU
Şebnem ÇOPUR
Gönül Zeynep SAVACI