故意侵權
楊智傑
故意的概念
• State of mind about results
– Intent is a state of mind about consequences
or results
• Intent to injure（不需要有傷害的故意）
– Proof of intent to harm is not a prerequisite to
intentional tor liability
故意的概念
• Mistake and intent
– A mistake by the defendant concerning the
facts surrounding an action is normally
irrelevant to the question of intent
非法入侵(trespass)無須證明損害
• The writ of trespass would lie without proof
of damage
– Assault即時威脅
– Battery非法接觸
– False imprisonment非法監禁
– Trespass to land非法侵犯土地
– Trespass to chattels非法侵犯動產
未能年人還是要自己賠錢
• If the minor child has money or property,
the judgment may be executed against
those assets, at least to the extent that
they do not fall within the scope of real
and personal property exempted from
execution by state law
父母在特定條件下須負代位責任
• Many states have created limited statutory
exceptions to the common-law rule that
parents or guardians are not vicariously
（代位）liable for torts committed by their
minor child
Battery 非法接觸
• Battery is the intentional, unconsented,
harmful or offensive touching of another.
– Intent (purpose or knowledge) to make
contact
– Offensive（冒犯性） (i.e., unreasonable) or
harmful（傷害性） touching of the plaintiff’s
person or effects
– Absence of consent
賠償種類
• 象徵性賠償
– Nominal damages
• 補償性賠償
– Compensatory damages
• 懲罰行賠償
– Punitive or exemplary damages
Assault即時威脅
• An assault is committed if the defendant
intentionally creates in the plaintiff a wellgrounded apprehension(恐懼 憂慮) of
imminent, unconsented bodily contact.
精神損害之訴Tort of outrage(暴行、
惡行)
• intentional or reckless infliction of severe
emotional distress
• Can a person sue for emotional distress
suffered as a result of witnessing, or later
learning about, outrageous conduct
directed toward another?
其他非法入侵（trespass）
• False imprisonment非法監禁
– Detention(滯留)
• Trespass to land非法侵犯土地
– 不動產real property
• Trespass to chattels非法侵犯動產
– 動產personal preoperty
非法占有（移轉conversion）
• Major interference（嚴重侵犯）
• Thieves（竊盜）, defrauders（詐欺）, and
Bona Fide Purchasers（善意買受人）
• Bailees（受託人）
• Damages and Replevin（損害賠償或請求反還）
• Demand for Return(提起訴訟前需先要求反還)
• What may be Converted?
– 資訊？
– 細胞組織