IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON
INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION
T.Govindaraj
“Education is the manifestation of perfection
in Man” – Swami Vivekananda
Education and Human Resource
Development
• Labor – One among the four factors of
production
• Labor without education and training is physical
and unskilled labor
• Education a source of Human Resource
Development
• U.S.A Experience – Human Capital Formation
• T.W. Schultz
• Mark Blaug
• A.M Nalla Gounder Model For UDC
• Quality Higher Education – Knowledge Export.
Indian Educational System
• Oriental
• God Headed
• Guru Kula system – meant for affluent
section
Indian Educational System after
1834
• T.B.Maculay an English Parliamentarian
prepared the pattern of education for India in
1834.
• Schools were started to teach English and
General Subjects
• In 1857 – Madras, Calcutta , Bombay
universities were started – Three presidency
Colleges were started by the Government and
affiliated to the respective universities on the
basis of the London University.
Types of University
•
•
•
•
•
•
Affiliating University
Unitary university
Residential University
Deemed University
Deemed to be university
Specialized university
University Administration
• 369 Universities
• Many are public funded
• In the last 50 years- no. of colleges and
student strength increased.
• Knowledge based teaching – know why
method
• University Grants commission – Apex
body for higher education under the HR
Ministry.
World Ranking of Indian
Universities
• First – 50 – Nil
• First- 100- Nil
• First 200- 13 Institutions – 6 IIMs and 7
IITs - know how pattern of education.
Quality of higher Education
• Remarkable achievements of western
universities
• Student migration to American, West European,
Russian and Chinese Universities.
• Indian students are larger in number in any
university abroad in search of quality education
• New subjects – new methodology- inter
disciplinary
• Source of revenue for advanced countries.
Indian Scenario
• National Knowledge Commission has
recommended 1500 universities for India.
• India has sizeable percentage of population in
the age group of 16-25.
• Globalized world is in need of human resources
in the field of science, technology, medicine etc.
• India has the scope for knowledge export
• 150 years of university education especially in
English medium has the scope for attracting
students from other countries.
• GATS 2005 – India signed the General
Agreement on Trade in service- no barrier
for service in any part of the world.
• Any Foreign university can start its branch
in India – any Indian university can open
up its centre in any country.
Recent Developments In India
• New Colleges and universities under Self
Financing Scheme (Private)
• Autonomous status to colleges
• Degree Conferring status to colleges
• Accreditation by Professional bodies like NAAC
• Supervision and Control by Professional Bodies
like MCI,AICTE
• Job Oriented courses for employability
• Add on courses – Certificate,Diploma
Budget Provision 2008-09
• 12 Central Universities in addition to the
existing 18 Central universities
• Rs.3280 crores for starting 12 Central
Universities
• 30 World Class universities in the next five
years
• 8 IITs and 7 IIMs in 2008-09
• Salary hike to teachers by 70%
Accredited colleges and univesities-2006
Colleges
 A < 10 %
 B 66 %
 C 24 %
Universities
• A 32%
• B 52%
• C 16 %
Expansion of Higher Education
No.of Universities
No.of Colleges
No.of Teachers
No.of Students
1950
2008
25
431
700
20677
15000
5.05 Lakhs
1 Lakh
116.12 Lakhs
Program for 11th Plan
•30 Central Universities
•8 New IITs, 20 NITS, 20 IIITs, 3
IISERs, 7 IIMs and 2 SPAs
•373 New Colleges in Backward District
•New Polytechnics in Unserved District
•500 new Community Polytechnics
•210 new Community Colleges
Finally,
a definition of globalization that I can
understand and to which I now can
relate:
Question:
What is the truest definition of
Globalization?
Answer
Princess Diana‘s death.
Question:
How come?
Answer :
An English princess with an Egyptian boyfriend crashes
in a French tunnel,
driving a
German car with a
Dutch engine,
driven by a
Belgian who was drunk on
Scottish whisky, (check the bottle before you change the
spelling),
Followed closely by
Italian Paparazzi,
on Japanese motorcycles;
treated by an American doctor,
using Brazilian
medicines.
This is sent to you by
an American,
Using Bill Gate's technology,
And you're probably reading this on your computer
that uses Taiwanese chips, and a Korean monitor,
Assembled by Bangladeshi workers in a
Singapore plant, transported
by Indian lorry-drivers,
Hijacked by Indonesians,
unloaded by
Sicilian longshoremen,
And trucked to you by Mexican illegal.... .
That, my friends,
is Globalization!