What data set is the collection of all
outcomes, responses, measurements,
or counts that are of interest?
A Population
What is the data set that is a subset
or part of a population?
A Sample
Identify the Population and the Sample
A survey of all U.S. adults found that 1503
U.S. adults favor government policies
requiring better fuel efficiency for vehicles.
Population: Collection of the responses of all U.S.
adults
Sample: Collection of the responses of the 1503
U.S. adults that were sampled
Identify the Population and the Sample
A survey of all U.S. adults, found that 84%
have seen a health care provider at least
once in the past year.
Population: Collection of the responses of all U.S.
adults
Sample: Collection of the responses of the 2311
U.S. adults that were sampled
What is a numerical description of a
population characteristic?
Parameter
What is a numerical description
of a sample characteristic?
Determine whether the numerical value
is a parameter or a statistic. Explain
your reasoning.
In 2012, Major League Baseball teams spent a
total of $2, 940,657,192 on players’ salaries.
Parameter. The value $2,940,657,192 is a
numerical description of the total player salary for
all of the players in Major League Baseball.
Determine whether the numerical value
is a parameter or a statistic. Explain
your reasoning.
In a random check of 32 different
Universities, they found that 20% of the
Mathematics Majors are minoring in
Physics.
Statistic
20% of Mathematics Majors are minoring in
physics is based on a subset of the population.
The freshman class at a
university has an average SAT
math score of 514.
Because the average SAT math
score of 514 is based on the entire
freshman class, it is a population
parameter.
What kind of data consists of
attributes, labels or
non mathematical or non-measureable
entries?
Qualitative
Determine whether the data are
qualitative or quantitative. Explain
The ages of a sample of 350 employees of
a software company.
Quantitative
Because ages are numerical
measurements.
Determine whether the data are qualitative
or quantitative. Explain.
The revenues of the companies on the Fortune
500 list.
Quantitative,
Because revenues are numerical
measurements.
If data is qualitative
what two kinds of
level of measurements
an be considered to use?
Describe the differences
Between Interval and Ratio
Levels of Measurement.
Interval Data can be:
Ordered, and have meaningful
differences between data entries.
Ratio Data can be:
Two data entries can be formed so that
one data entry can be meaningfully
expresses a multiple of another.
Determine the level of measurement
of the data set. Explain.
The daily high temperatures (in degrees
Fahrenheit) for Sacramento, California, for a
week in July are listed.
96
77
75
84
87
94
101
Interval
The data can be ordered and meaningful
differences can be calculated, but it does
not make sense to say that 87 degrees is
1.16 times as hot as 75 degrees.
Determine the level of measurement of
the data set. Explain.
The four departments of a printing company are
listed.
Administration Sales Production Billing
Nominal
The data are qualitative and cannot be arranged in a
meaningful order.
Determine whether the study is an
observational study or an experiment.
Explain.
Researchers conduct a study to determine whether a
drug used to treat hypothyroidism works better
when taken in the morning or when taken at bedtime
To perform the study, 90 patients are given one pill
to take in the morning and one pill to take in the
evening (one containing the drug and the other a
placebo). After 3 months, patients are instructed to
switch the pills.
Experiment
The study apples a treatment
(hypothyroidism drug) to the subjects.
Identify the population and the sample
in the following study.
A study of the dietary habits of 20,000 men was
conducted to find a link between high intakes of
dairy products and prostate cancer.
Population: Collection of the prostate conditions
of all men
Sample: Collection of the prostate conditions of
the 20,000 men in study.
Determine whether the numerical value
is a parameter or a statistic. Explain
your reasoning.
Just 1000 of all U.S. adults found that 40% think
that the Internet is the best way to get news and
information.
Statistic
The value 40% is a numerical
description of a sample of U.S. adults.
At a college, 90% of the members of the
Board of Trustees approved contract of the
new president.
Parameter
The 90% of members that approved the
contract of the new president is a
numerical description of all Board of
Trustees members.
What is the Science of collecting,
organizing, and interpreting data in
order to make decisions?
Statistics
A survey of 733 small business owners
found that 17% have a current job opening.
Statistics
The value 17% is a numerical description
of a sample of small business owners.
Determine whether the data are
qualitative or quantitative. Explain
your reasoning.
A list of debit card pin numbers
Qualitative,
Because debit card pin numbers are labels and it
does not make sense to find differences between
numbers.
Determine whether the data are
qualitative or quantitative. Explain
your reasoning.
The final top scores on a video game
Quantitative
Because final scores are numerical
measurements.
Determine whether the study is an
observational study or an experiment.
Researchers conduct a study to determine
whether body mass index (BMI) influences the
frequency of migraines. To conduct the study,
researchers asked 162,576 people for their BMIs
and the numbers of migraines they have per
month.
Observational study.
The study does not attempt to influence the
responses of the subjects and there is no
treatment.
Determine whether the study is an
observational study or an
experiment.
Researchers conduct a study to determine
whether taking a multivitamin daily decreases
the risk of major cardiovascular events among
men. To perform the study, researchers studied
14,641 men and had one group take a
multivitamin daily and had another group take a
placebo daily.
Experiment
The study applies a treatment
(multivitamin) to the subjects.