Current Trends in Mining Finance: Strategic and Financial Challenges Roy Hinkamper, KPMG LLP April 2013 Mining Asset Life Cycle Asset Life Cycle Exploration Evaluation Development Production Closure 1-2 years1 2-10 years1 3-6 years1 1-3 years1 10-50 years1 1-10 years1 Level of activity Expansion Commercial exploitation begins Removal of overburden and waste, and plant commissioning Permit and licence applications Evaluate country risks and market opportunities Prospecting rights application Design and implement market strategy Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) Competent persons report Search for commercially exploitable resources Commercial exploitation ends Expansion of mine and plant Construction of infrastructure and plant Closure of mine and plant Ongoing rehabilitation Bankable feasibility study (BFS) Pre-feasibility study Note: (1) Estimated duration of stage in the mining asset life cycle (2) Reflects key activities only at each stage of the mining asset life cycle © 2013 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm third parties, nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or bind any member firm. All rights reserved. Time 2 Mining – what we do Asset life cycle Expansion Exploration Evaluation Development Production Closure 1-2 years1 2-10 years1 3-6 years1 1-3 years1 10-50 years1 1-10 years1 Your asset life cycle – How KPMG can help Strategy Growth Performance Compliance Sustainability Strategic & scenario planning Transactions Projects Operational excellence Risk & compliance Business resilience Portfolio management Market entry Project development Operating model development Statutory audit Community investment Scenario planning Financing and M&A Feasibilities Cost and tax optimisation Enterprise risk management Energy, water and carbon Strategy development Tax structuring Financing Supply chain transformation Internal assurance Materials stewardship People and change Due diligence Tax structuring Business intelligence Forensic investigations Mine rehabilitation Tax strategy and policy Integration Project execution Business transformation Tax compliance Reporting and tax transparency Note: (1) Estimated duration of stage in the mining asset life cycle © 2013 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm third parties, nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or bind any member firm. All rights reserved. 3 Mining - what are the challenges? Mining companies face formidable challenges in maintaining profitability in an environment characterised by declining ore grades and flat commodity prices Current State Issues • Decreasing grade of ore bodies. • Higher volume of extraction and throughput to achieve output targets. • Increased energy costs. • Larger capacity infrastructure. • Higher capital investment. • • Increased operating costs associated with higher levels of mining processing activity. Regulatory/Social Issues © 2013 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm third parties, nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or bind any member firm. All rights reserved. Mitigation • Exploration for new, higher grade ore bodies • Process efficiency remediation to reduce costs. • Introduction of new technology to streamline extraction and reduce costs. Consequences Continual need for improved productivity to maintain profit levels Decreasing net returns Risks • Lower output, lower returns. Pressure to open new mine sites. • Continuous escalation of capital costs. • Dependence on exploration. Dependency on capital funding 4 Mining - Opportunity Areas Exploration Drill & Blast Mine Development Ore Transport Crushing/ Grinding Operation Closure Processing Extraction Potential Opportunity Areas Process Optimisation Mining processes are often poorly understood and have a great deal of interdependencies between different stages of the process. De-bottlenecking, lean techniques, process modeling and controls are significant value levers Procurement Procurement in the mining industry can be a source of significant commercial and strategic value, especially in the current capacity constrained environment where suppliers are often in powerful bargaining positions. In addition to this a historic focus on production at the expense of costs can result in inflated procurement costs Asset Management Improved maintenance practices and planning activities can improve equipment availability and utilization through the use of advanced analytics to support predictive maintenance Production Planning Holistic scheduling of mine production and clear communication and co-ordination between value chain steps can result in improved overall system performance Sustainable Development The mining industry is facing increasing pressures on the use of land, and water and constraints on its generation of waste, a thorough understanding of these issues and appropriate strategies to address them can be a source of significant competitive advantage © 2013 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm third parties, nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or bind any member firm. All rights reserved. 5 Thank you Roy Hinkamper (314) 244 4061 rhinkamper@kpmg.com © 2013 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm third parties, nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or bind any member firm. All rights reserved. 6