Influence of human factors and
affective technology
in utilitarian mobile applications
Erkki Kurkinen
erkki.l.kurkinen@jyu.fi
+358400247680
- dissertation supervisor:
- format:
- status of this plan:
- time schedule:
prof Pekka Neittaanmäki
collection of papers
draft research plan
started Jan 2010, final ~2012
My CV
MSc in 1982 in Technical University of Tampere
(computer technology)
Additional studies in University of Oulu (mathematics,
physics, theoretical physics)
Career in Nokia Corp. up to 2009 in production, R&D,
product marketing, sales, system development,
concepting
In several positions in several international
businesses: telecommunication, TETRA, mobile
networks, multimedia devices
Now: senior researcher and PhD student in Scope
program in Faculty of IT in JYU
Introduction
User behaviour in accepting new technology (computers, tv, ITsystems) has been studied since 50-60’s
Mobile technology user studies done since 80’s
Traditionally there have been spesific research methods for
different user types (i.e. hedonic users, utilitarian users)
•
•
•
•
PEOU=percieved ease of use
PU= percieved usability
CA =cognitive absorption
TAM, TAM2 =technical acceptance model
Currently, models for customer acceptance in mobile
applications are being developed as well in the community
Utilitarian use (police) is assumed to get closer to the hedonic
use (consumer) = one of the hypotheses in this research
In this research the goal is to create new methods for technology
acceptance for utilitarian users having elements from existing
models from both user types and use in empirical tests to prove
hypotheses
Definitions
Utilitarian user
– Device, service or application is used for increasing task
performance, professional use (in this study police and fire)
– Benefit is external of the system itself
Hedonic user
– Device, service or appplication is used for pleasure and
enjoy; system provides value to the user (consumer)
– Benefit is internal to system
Human factor
– physical or cognitive property of an individual or social
behavior which is specific to humans and influences
functioning of technological systems
Definitions (cont.)
Affective technology
– Technology that relates to, arises from, or deliberately
influences emotion and other affective phenomena
User experience
– a person's perceptions and responses that result from the
use or anticipated use of a product, system or service (ISO
9241-210)
Traditional acceptance models
Utilitarian
service
•
•
•
•
TRA
TAM
TAM2
…
Hedonic
service
•
•
•
•
UTAUT
Kaasinen
Pedersen
…
- results
User
study
- results
User
study
Sketch of a new acceptance
model development
Utilitarian
service
Hedonic
service
N
e
w
m
o
d
e
l
s
User
User
study
User
study
User
study
study
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
V
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
Conclusions
Research goals
Research questions:
– What are the users experiences of the utilitarian users of the mobile
applications ?
– What type of attractions (if any) there are in the devices and applications for
the utilitarian users ?
– Can an utilitarian mobile device be affective (in positive sense) making the
user to use the application more often and with pleasure ?
– Can a nicely working mobile device or application encourage the user to use
the service more and more and take everything out of it ?
– Can a nicely working mobile device or application encourage the utilitarian
user to enjoy doing her/his duties ?
– Can a nicely working mobile device or application get the utilitarian user to
do her/his duties more effectively
– What kind of device, service or application can give answers to all previous
questions ?
Preliminary hypotheses
H1: Utilitarian use is getting influences from
hedonic use
H2: Utilitarian users can enjoy of the
interactions not dissimilar to hedonic users
H3: Intention to use the utilitarian system will
remarkably grow after integrating hedonic
features into it
H4: Utilitarian users can remarkably benefit
from hedonic features in their systems
User studies
Application
A
i
n
t
Application r
o
B
d
u
Application c
t
C
i
o
Application n
D
s
Pre
Interview
Interview
System
in use
Results
&
Conclusions
User studies
• Police users
– Finland (Vaasa police, Police College in Tampere,Jkl)
– UK (Wiltshire, Hertfordshire)
• Fire departments
– Emergency Service College (Pelastusopisto) in
Kuopio
– Los Angeles Fire department
Current state
2 conference papers in 2 conferences (ISCRAM, IDRC) preseted
First user study on going
– Vaasa police
– 1st system under test: bar code based work flow and work allocation
system (Upcode Oy application + Nokia E75)
– 3 x 3 weeks sessions, each with separate applications
Our own Scope applications development ongoing, user studies to start
soon
– User experience demonstrators
• Mobile police station in a vehicle + multimedia device
• Use of semantic content
• Use of mobile agents
– Sumo server + mobile clients
• Social media type (closed system)
• Location
• Chat, images, videos, voice & document storage
Benefits of the study results
Adds the understanding of the intentions to
use and accept technology of the utilitarian
users
Helps service/device R&D developent work in
mitigating customer acceptance risks in
development of new sevices and products
Gives new tools for utilitarian customers to
evaluate and minimise their own risk on
introduction and utlization of new services
Gives tools for the design thinking -type of
development of IT systems
Conclusion
Utilitarian users will get more and more
features for their ICT systems which are better
used and known in hedonic systems
Acceptance models need to be changed as
well
In this research new acceptance models will
be developed combining these two user types
to understand better the acceptance
procedure
All this is for the benefit of utilitarian users
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Davis Fred D. Percieved Ease of Use and user Acceptance of Information Technology,
MIS Quarterly, Vol 13, No 3, pp. 319-340, 1989
Davos Fred D., Bagozzi Richard P., Warshaw Paul R., User Acceptance of Comnputer
Technology:A Comparison of Two Theroretical Models, Management Science, vol 35, No 8
pp. 982-1003, 1989
Venkatesh Viswanath, Davis Fred D., A Theoretical Extension of the Technoloical
Acceptance Model: Four Logitudinal Field Studies, Management Science, vol 46, no 2, pp.
186-204, 2000
Wakefield Robin, Whitten Dwayne, Mobile computing: a user study on hedonic/utilitarian
mobile device usage, European Journal of Information Systems, issue 15, pp. 292300,2006
Chesney Thomas, Measuring the Context of Information Systems use, Journal of
Information Technology Management, vol 14, no 3, 2008
Pedersen P.E., Adoption of Mobile Internet Services:An Explantory Study of Mobile
Commerce Early Adaptors, Journal of Orgaizational Computing and Electronic Commerce
15 (2), 2003-222, 2005
Kaasinen Eija, User Acceptance of Mobile Services - value, ease of use, trust and ease of
adaption, VTT publications 566,2005
A Design Thinking Process Model for Capturing and Formalizing Design Intents, Zhaoyang
Sun, Jihong Liu, Proceedings of ISCID 08, International Symposium on Computational
Intelligence and Design, 2008
Thank you!
Questions?