GENERAL OBJECTIVES :
The students understands about
structure and position of the bones
which formed the limbs and they
articulations
Specific Objectives :
The Students are know about :

Structure, location and content of bones of
the thoracic appendage

Structure, location and content of bones of
the pelvic limb

Articulation at the thoracic and pelvic limb
The Skeleton may be divided
primarily into three parts :

THE AXIAL SKELETON; comprises the vertebral
column, ribs, sternum and skull.

THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON; incudes the bones
of the limbs.

THE VISCERAL or SPLECHNIC SKELETON; consits
of certain bones developed in the substance of
some of the viscera or soft organs, e.g. os penis of
the dog and os cordis of the ox
OSSA APPENDICULARIS

BONES OF THE THORACIC LIMB =
OSSA MEMBRI THORACICI
(EXTREMITAS CRANIALIS)

BONES OF THE PELVIC LIMB =
OSSA MEMBRI PELVINA
(EXTREMITAS CAUDALIS)
BONES OF THE
THORACIC LIMB
The thoracic limb of animals are
composed of four chief segments :
THE THORACIC GIRDLE
REGIO CINGULUM MEMBRI
THORACICI
OS. SCAPULA
OS. CLAVICULA
OS. CORACOIDEUS
The thoracic girdle attaches the forelimb to the body
and is incomplete in domestic mamals.
A complete pectoral girdle consists a scapula,
coracoids and clavicles
Climbing and burrowing mamals usually posess a
scapula and clavicle, coursing and grazing mamals
usually posess a scapula only.
All three pairs of bones of the thoracic girdle are seen
in birds and reptiles.
THE ARM
REGIO BRACHII
OS HUMERUS
THE FOREARM
REGIO ANTEBRACHII
OS RADIUS
OS ULNA
THE MANUS
REGIO MANUS
OSSA CARPI
OSSA PHALANX
OS METACARPI
OSSA
SESSAMOIDEA
OS SCAPULA
(facies lateralis)
SPINA SCAPULA
FOSSA SUPRASPINATA
TUBER SPINA
COLLUM SCAPULA
FOSSA INFRASPINATA
THE HORSE
CARTILAGO
SCAPULA
ANGULUS
CRANIALIS
ANGULUS
CAUDALIS
ANGULUS
GLENOIDALES
DISTAL OS SCAPULA
PROCESSUS
CORACOIDEUS
CAVITAS
GLENOIDALES
TUBERCULUM
SUPRAGLENOIDEUS
INCISSURA
GLENOIDALES
OS HUMERUS

EXTREMITAS PROXIMALIS

CORPUS
 EXTREMITAS DISTALIS
EXTREMITAS PROXIMAL HUMERUS
(DORSAL VIEW)
TUBERCULUM MAJOR
TUBERCULUM MINOR
TUBERCULUM INTERMEDIUS
CAPUT
HUMERI
The comparative of the proximal
extremity of the horse and the cattle
Proximal Extremity
Ruminant


Lateral tuberosity is very large, and
rises abour 3 cm proximal to the level
of the head, forming the point of the
shoulder.
Its cranial part curves medially over
the intertuberal groove, and distal to it
laterally there is a prominent circular
rough area for the insertion of the
tendon of the infraspinatus muscle.
CORPUS HUMERI
(horse)
TUBEROSITAS
DELTOIDEUS
SULCUS
BRACHIALIS
CORPUS HUMERI KUDA
TUBEROSITAS
TERES MAJOR
EXTREMITAS CAUDALIS OS HUMERUS
FOSSA
OLECRANON
CAPITULUM
TROCHLEA
EXTREMITAS CAUDALIS OS HUMERUS
CRISTA
EPICONDYLOIDEA
LATERALIS
P.T.O. EXTENSOR
EPICONDYLUS
MEDIALIS
EPICONDYLUS
LATERALIS
EXTREMITAS CAUDALIS
OS HUMERUS KUDA
FOSSA
RADIALIS
FOSSA
OLECRANON
VARIASI CONDYLUS
HUMERUS KUDA & SAPI
OS RADIUS & OS ULNA
OS ULNA
OS RADIUS
FOVEA CAPITULARIS
CORPUS OS RADIUS
TROCHLEA RADIALIS
OS RADIUS
OLECRANON
PROC. ANCONEUS
INCISURA
SEMILUNARIS
SPATIUM
INTEROSSEUM
ANTEBRACHII
OS ULNA
KUDA
OS ULNA SAPI
SPATIUM INTEROSSEUS
ANTEBRACHII
OS ULNA SAPI
PROCESSUS
STYLOIDEUS LATERALIS
OSSA CARPALES

The capus consists of a group of six
to eight bones, depending on the
species of animal.

The bones arranged in two rows,
proximal and distal.
OSSA CARPALES
HEWAN

OC-R
OC-I
Kuda
7–8
+
+
+
Sapi/
domba
6
+
+
Babi
8
+
+
Anjing
7
- bersatu -
OC-U OC-A
I
II
III
IV
+
+/0
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
- bersatu -
+
The accessory carpal bone is situated to
palmar to the ulnar carpal bone and the
lateral part of the trochlea of the radius.
It is discoid and the medial surface is
form the lateral wall of the carpal
groove (canalis carpalis).
OSSA METACARPAL
FACIES
ARTICULARIS
IV
III
II
CORPUS MC
TROCHLEA MC
OSSA METACARPAL
V
SLV
SLD
III IV
INCISSURA
INTERTROCHLEARIS
OSSA DIGITORUM MANUS
COMPEDALE
CORONALE
UNGULARE
OSSA DIGITORUM MANUS
OSSA SESAMOIDEA PROXIMALIS
OSSA
SESAMOIDEA
DISTALIS
FORAMEN
SUPRATROCHLEARIS
at the dog
TUBEROSITAS TERES
MAJOR
Middle of the medial surface of the
shaft is a small roughened, which
the conjoined tendon of the
latissimus dorsi and teres major
muscles is atteched.
SULCUS BRACHIALIS
 = SULCUS MUSCULOSPIRALIS
 The lateral surface is smooth and
is spirally curved, which contains
the brachialis muscles.
 RUMINANSIA, KARNIVORA and
PIG is shallow.
TUBEROSITAS DELTOIDEUS
Cranial surface and lateral surface
are separated by a distinct border,
the crest of the humerus, which
bears proximal to its middle the
deltoid tuberosity, to which the
deltoideus muscle inserts.
CAPUT HUMERI
The head presents an almost circular
convex articular surface, which is about
twice as extensive as the glenoid cavity of
the scapula, with which it articulates and
IT IS POSITION AT THE CAUDAL
of the proximal extremity.
TUBERCULUM HUMERI
 The greater tubercle = tuberculum major
(lateral tuberosity) is placed craniolaterally
 The lesser tubercle = tuberculum minor (medial
tuberosity) is placed craniomedially
 The intertuberal or bicipital groove is bounded
by the cranial parts of both tubercles, and is
subdivided by and intermediate tubercle or
ridge.
TUBERCULUM INTERMEDIUS
 The third tubercle at median
 Look clearly at horse, but we can see clear at
ruminantia, carnivora and pig
 This tubercle divided from major et minor by
the groove, SULCUS BICIPITIS or SULCUS
INTERTUBELARIS
 The groove, in fresh, lodges the tendon of
origin of the biceps brachii muscle.

COW
CAT
PROCESSUS
SUPRAHAMATUS
ACROMION
SPINA SCAPULARIS
Spine of the scapula divided the lateral surface

of scapula into two fossa

The acormion, a projecting mass of bone
located on the distal end of the spina of the
scapula, is not found in the horse but is present
in the cow and other animals.

The acromion of the cat is rounded and called
processus suprahammatus
Only
the horse

THE SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE = TUBER
SCAPULAE

THE SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE FORMS
THE POINT OF THE SHOULDER
IN THE HORSE

PROJECTING FROM ITS MEDIAL SIDE IS
CORACOID PROCESS