TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Conquests in the Americas
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
•
Explain how Cortés and Pizarro gained control
of the Aztec and Inca empires.
•
Understand the short-term and long-term effects
of the Spanish conquests on Spain and on the
peoples of the Americas.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
How did a small number of Spanish
conquistadors conquer huge Native
American empires?
Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean
islands in 1492 and sparked a wave of exploration
and conquest that would forever change the
world.
He was followed by Spanish armies that quickly
defeated the Aztec and Inca empires.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Christopher Columbus arrived in the West Indies
and met the Taíno people in 1492.
The Taínos
lived in small
farming
villages. They
were friendly
to the
Spanish.
Despite this, Columbus
and his men were
hostile. They claimed
the land for Spain and
killed any Taínos who
resisted.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Conquistadors who arrived in the new world in
Columbus’s wake followed this pattern.
A cycle began in
which Spanish
conquerors seized
native gold and
massacred vast
numbers of people.
Natives killed by
force and disease
(lacked immunity
to Eur. diseases).
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Took only a few
hundred
conquistadors to
conquer millions
of Native Americans.
•
The Spanish had guns,
cannons, and metal armor.
•
They also brought horses,
which Native Americans
had never seen.
•
But the biggest factor
was disease. Smallpox,
influenza, and measles
killed up to 90 percent of
the native population.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Hernán Cortés landed on the coast of Mexico in
1519 with 600 men.
•
He planned to conquer the Aztecs and headed
inland to Tenochtitlán.
•
Aztec emperor
Moctezuma
heard about the
Spanish before
they arrived. He
sent gifts in the
hope they would
turn back.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Cortés was aided by a young Indian woman
named Malinche, whom the Spanish called Doña
Marina.
• Served as
translator and
advisor to Cortés.
.
• Helped Cortés
form alliances
with native
groups
previously
conquered by
the Aztecs and
hated Aztec rule.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Cortés continued on to Tenochtitlán.
•
Moctezuma welcomed
the Spanish, but
hostilities quickly grew.
•
The Spanish tried to
convert the Aztecs to
Christianity.
•
Cortés imprisoned
Moctezuma to gain
control of the city
and its riches.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
A new force of
conquistadors
arrived and
challenged
Cortés.
Cortés retreated
to plan an assault
and returned to
Tenochtitlán in
1521.
In the resulting
struggle, the Aztecs
drove the Spanish out
of the city.
This time,
Tenochtitlán
was captured and
completely
destroyed.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Francisco Pizarro
was inspired by
Cortés to
conquer the Inca
empire in Peru.
•
Began his conquest in
1532, directly after an
Inca civil war.
•
Atahualpa, the Inca ruler,
refused to convert to
Christianity. The Spanish
captured and eventually
killed him.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Pizarro and his men conquered the Inca empire
for Spain.
•
Like Cortés,
Pizarro benefited
from superior
weapons and
diseases that
killed millions of
natives.
•
Pizarro was killed
by a rival Spanish
group, but his
actions forever
changed the
continent.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Effects of the Spanish Conquest
Spain became Europe’s greatest
power.
• They set up silver mines and seized
huge quantities of valuable goods.
•
On the
Spanish
Many lost faith in their gods and
converted to Christianity.
On Native
• Some continued to fight the Spanish.
Americans
• Some resisted by preserving parts of
their own culture.
•