Unit 8 – Arrival in Canada
SECTION 3-Early Dutch and English Exploration
-The Founding of New France
-Samuel de Champlain and the Huron Alliance
By: Dayna, Lydia, and Jessica
Settlement on the Hudson River
 In 1610 the Dutch settled on
the Hudson River.
 They controlled the Hudson
River Valley from 1609 until
the English took over in 1664.
 During this time, the Dutch
made a series of trading posts,
towns, and forts up and down
the Hudson River.
Company for Exploration
 The Dutch East India
Company was a chartered
company established in 1602.
 The States-General of the
Netherlands granted it a 21year monopoly to carry out
colonial activities in Asia.
Dutch Colony
 The first Dutch settlement in
America was founded in 1614.
 It was called Fort Nassau, on
Castle Island in the Hudson,
near present-day Albany. It
was later replaced by Fort
Orange.
 Both forts were named in
honor of the Dutch House of
Orange-Nassau.
English Explorers
 Sir Martin Frobisher was an
English seaman who made
three voyages to the New
World to look for the North
Passage.
 All his voyages landed in
northeastern Canada, around
today's Resolution Island and
Frobisher Bay.
 He lived from 1535– 15
November 1594.
English Explorers
 William Baffin (died 23
January 1622) was an English
navigator and explorer.
 Nothing is known of his early
life, but it is a guess that he
was born in London.
 William Baffin explored the
Arctic Circle.
 In 1615, he entered the service
of the Company for the
discovery of the Northwest
Passage, and explored the
Hudson Strait.
English Explorers
 John Davis (1550 - 1605), was
one of the chief English
navigators and explorers.
 From a boy he was a sailor, and
early went on voyages with his
close neighbor.
English Explorers
 Sir Humphrey Gilbert was
from Devon in England.
 He was an Adventurer,
explorer, member of
Parliament, and soldier.
 Sir Humphrey Gilbert arrives
at Newfoundland and claims it
in the name of the Crown.
 On September 9,1583, Sir
Humphrey Gilbert drowns at
sea on his journey home.
Sea Dogs
 The Sea Dogs were English
adventurers or pirates.
 They were active from 1560 to
1605.
 John Hawkins was the leader
of the Sea Dogs.
The Founding of New France
 On his third trip in 1608, Champlain founded a
settlement and trading post along the St. Lawrence River
that eventually became the city of Quebec.
 It was the first permanent white settlement in Canada,
which makes Quebec the oldest city in Canada.
Port Royal
 Port Royal was founded by
Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons
and Samuel de Champlain in
1605.
 Port Royal was once the capital
of Acadia and is now a small
community in the province of
Nova Scotia.
 Initially Port Royal was placed
on the north shore of the
Annapolis Basin, Nova Scotia.
Port Royal
•As a port city, it was homeport for the English and Dutch
privateers to spend their treasure.
•When governments stopped issuing letters against the
Spanish possessions, many privateers turned pirate and used
the city as their main base.
•Pirates from around the world congregated at Port Royal
coming from waters as far away as Madagascar.
Port Royal
 After the disaster in 1692,
Port Royal's commercial
role was steadily taken over
by the town of Kingston.
 Plans for Port Royal
redeveloped the small
fishing town into a tourist
destination.
Order of Good Cheer
•The Order of Good Cheer
was originally a French
Colonial Order founded by
Samuel de Champlain upon
arrival in New France.
•You can become a member
of the Order of Good Cheer
by receiving an invitation of
the Canadian Province of
Nova Scotia or by a Member
of the Order.
Samuel De Champlain
•Is a European explorer
•Explorer of North America
•He discovered New France on
July 3, 1608
•Born in the year 1567
•Died on December 25, 1635
Samuel De Champlain
Samuel De Champlain
•Acadia was a colony that was formed by
the French immigrants .
•In 1608 Samuel de Champlain led another
expedition because he wanted to start a
new French colony on the shores of the St.
Lawrence. This is how he found New
France.
•He chose Quebec for New France because
it was full of vegetation and it had good
fertile land.
Samuel’s Accomplishments
•He was the first explorer to explore and
describe the great lakes.
•He published maps and wrote about his
experiences with the Natives.
•He formed relationships with local
Montagnais and Innu and later with
Algonquin and Huron. He agreed to
provide assistance in their wars against the
Iroquois.
• He established trading companies that
sent goods, primarily fur, to France.
Sieur de Monts
•Also known as Pierre Du Gua de Monts
•Was a French merchant, explorer and colonizer
•Born in Ryan, France
•In 1603,the King of France, granted Du Gua
exclusive right to colonize lands in North America.
•Henry IV appointed Sieur de Monts Governor
over the Protestant city of Pons CharenteMaritime from 1610 to 1617, then he retired.
•He died in 1628, in the nearby castle of Ardenne in
Fleac-Sur-Seugne.
Algonquians
•Before Europeans came into
contact, most Algonquian
settlements lived by hunting and
fishing, also ate corn, beans,
squash, and wild rice.
•American Indians lived in an area
extending from Labrador to
the Rocky Mountains, through
Michigan and Illinois, and along
the Atlantic coast to Cape
Hatteras.
Montagnais
• A group of closely related Algonquian
tribes in Canada.
• Extending from about St Maurice
River almost to the Atlantic, and from
the St Lawrence to the watershed of
Hudson Bay.
• Their population is originally, about
10,000.
•Currently, there are almost 13,000
Montagnais in Quebec with another
800 living in Labrador.
Hurons (Wyandot)
 The Huron ate food that they
grew such as maize. They also
ate fish, deer meat, wild nuts
and berries and maple syrup.
 Women did most of the
agricultural work, although
men helped in the heaviest
work of clearing the fields.
 Men did most of the fishing
and hunting, and constructed
the houses, canoes, and tools.
Hurons (Wyandot)
 They lived in long houses, the typical village had 900 to 1600
people organized into 30 or 40 longhouses.
 The total population of the Huron at the time of European
contact has been estimated at about 20,000 to 40,000 people.
Hurons (Wyandot)
 The 3 main economic advantages
the Hurons had were:
1. There were lots of
networks of rivers and
lakes so they could use
canoes to travel.
2. Lived in the middle of
everything, like tribes
which were great for trade
and other things.
3. Had advantage over the
French because of their
location.
Huron Alliance
 During the summer of 1609, Champlain made alliances with the Wyandot.
 A coureur de bois was an adventurer, expert canoeist, and skilled
businessman, (Runner of the Woods).
 In 1608 Champlain took Etienne Brûléon board, a 16 year old, to be his
servant (coureur de bois).
 In 1610, Champlain arranged an exchange with the Hurons. Brûlé would live
with the Hurons, integrate himself, learn the language and customs, and
literally become a native.
Trade
 Castor gras d'hiver was the most
prized pre-conditioned beaver
hide.
 Beaver fur was the most
valuable and was used to make
hats.
 The Indians traded furs for
tools and weapons.
 Also Indian Knives and kettles
were exchanged for beaver, fox,
marten, mink and otter.
Settlements
 He returned to France in 1607,
and, established a tradingpost on the St. Lawrence but
there was a plot to assassinate
him.
 At Quebec he erected houses,
sowed grain, and did all he
could to develop the fur trade,
and in a short time the
settlement began to grow.
Settlements
Kirke Brothers and Cardinal Richelieu
 Kirke and his brothers
captured tadoussac in
1628, demanding that
Champlain surrender to
Quebec, but he refused.
 Cardinal Richelieu was a
French Clergyman,
Noble, and statesman.
Also an advocate for
Champlain.
 He saw the Treaty of
Saint-Germain-en-Laye
return Quebec City to
French rule under
Champlain.
Champlain's Death
 Champlain suffered a severe
stroke in October 1635, and
died on 25 December 1635,
leaving no immediate heirs.
 He explored Canada
because King Henry had
sent him.