Introduction to wind parks
SCADA systems
Cataldo Pignatale
Product Support Manager
Vestas Italia S.r.l.
Desire-Net Project
Session Contents
• Aim: at the end of this session participants will
have a quick overview of the fundaments of a
modern wind park SCADA system
• Duration: 20-25min
2
Agenda
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Basics
Why a SCADA system
Evolution
Requirements
SCADA components in wind parks
3
Basics
4
Basics
Definition
SCADA=Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition
SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)
system refers to the combination of telemetry and
data acquisition. It consists of collecting information,
transferring it back to a central site, carrying out
necessary analysis and control, and then displaying
this data on a number of operator screens.
The SCADA system is used to monitor and control a
plant or equipment. Control may be automatic or
can be initiated by operator commands.
5
Basics
What is based on
• The central SCADA master system.
• A communications network.
• The RTU's. Remote Telemetry (or Terminal) Units.
• Field instrumentation
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Basics
DCS
Similar to the SCADA systems are the Distributed
Control Systems (DCS).
The DCS is usually used in factories and located
within a more confined area.
It uses a high-speed communications medium, such
as local area network (LAN). A significant amount of
closed loop control is present on the system.
The SCADA system covers larger geographical areas.
It may rely on a variety of communication links such
as radio and telephone. Closed loop control is not a
high priority in this system.
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Basics
In the wind industry
• Communication interface on the device that has to
be controlled
• Communication network
• Communication concentrator
• “Server” unit
• “Client” unit
• Man to machine interface
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Why a SCADA system
9
Why a SCADA system?
Wind turbines are made to operate unattended!
Manufacturer point of view
• Fulfill contractual obbligations on service & reduce
service costs
• Get feed-back for product development
Operator/Owner point of view
• Verify contractor obbligations
• Reporting (various levels)
• Integration of different windparks over the country
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Why a SCADA system?
External requirements
• Wind power plant operation
• Fulfillment of grid operator requirements
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Active power control
Cooperation to reactive power control
Balck-star connection
Etc.
• Forecasting tools
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Evolution
12
Evolution
Yesterday
• Few status signals
• Historical data processed at centralized level (raw
signals collection)
• Dedicated HW
• Dial-up remote connection
Today
• WTG=IFD (Intelligent Field Device)
• Historical data processed in the WTG
• Commercial HW
• Broadband connection (Point to many)
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Requirements
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Requirements
Low demand systems
• No external database
• Rely on wind turbines internal memory (limited
ammount of data)
• No data back-up functionalities
• Limited number of wind turbines to be connected
• Impossible to connect devices other than
windturbines
• No customized features
• Standard reporting
15
Requirements
Professional systems
• External database
• Impossible data loss
• Back-up functionalities
• Unlimited number of turbines connected
• Possible to connect devices other than
windturbines (revenue meters, metereological
stations, PLCs, etc)
• Custom features available
• Advanced and custom reporting available
• High security
• Possibility of interfacing other devices on several
different protocols
• Etc…
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SCADA components for wind parks
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Communication port
• Hardwired I/O
• Serial communication ports (RS232, RS485,
Optical, etc.)
• Ethernet
Ethernet port
Optic RS232 port
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Communication Protocols
• Proprietary
• Industrial protocols (ModBus, DNP3,…)
• Standardised protocols: IEC61400-25
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Communication network
• Serial
• Copper wires
• Optic fibres
• Ethernet
• Ethernet
Location:
Cabin near substation
RB27
1:OVERVIEW
2003 jan 27
RUN
- Power------Gen.----Rotor---Wind--- Pitch
1538 kW 1684 rpm 18 rpm 8.9
0.4
°
RB25
RS2FX/FX
1:OVERVIEW
2003 jan 27
RUN
- Power------Gen.----Rotor---Wind--- Pitch
1538 kW 1684 rpm 18 rpm 8.9
0.4
°
RB24
RS2-FX/FX
i
7
+24V
Fault
+24V*
6
FAULT
P2
P1
Stand by
RM
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1
1 0
RM
Stand by
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RS2FX/FX
V.24
Stand by
RS2-FX/FX
i
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+24V
Patch
panel
Fault
+24V*
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FAULT
P2
P1
Stand by
RM
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1 0
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RM
Stand by
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V.24
RS2FX/FX
Stand by
RS2-FX/FX
i
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+24V
Patch
panel
Fault
+24V*
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FAULT
POWERNET
1:OVERVIEW
2003 jan 27
RUN
- Power------Gen.----Rotor---Wind--- Pitch
1538 kW 1684 rpm 18 rpm 8.9
0.4
°
POWERNET
SERVER
POWERNET
1:OVERVIEW
2003 jan 27
RUN
- Power------Gen.----Rotor---Wind--- Pitch
1538 kW 1684 rpm 18 rpm 8.9
0.4
°
P2
P1
Stand by
RM
7
6
5
5
4
3
2
4
3
2
1
1 0
RM
Stand by
1
V.24
Stand by
Patch
panel
Firewall
ADSL Router
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Communication concentrator
• Multiplexer/modem
• ISDN
• PSTN
• GSM
Optional
VPN Tunnels
ISP
• Router
• Analog
• ISDN
• ADSL/xDSL/Satellite
Analogue, ISDN,
ADSL, FWA
Internet
Firewall
ADSL Router
ISP
ISP
Analogue, ISDN,
ADSL, FWA
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Server
Device that manages the continuous collection of data from the
units in the wind power plant.
Eventually collected data are stored in a central database and
used for operating and managing the wind power plant.
•Dedicated HW
•Host PC
•Industrial servers
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Client
Device hosting the HMI (Human to Machine Interface), the
operator's user interface for viewing instant data as well as
accessing and processing the collected data from all units in the
wind power plant as well as for viewing instantaneous data
from the units.
•Remote panels
•Client SW hosted in PC
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