GCSE Physical Education
The Cardiovascular system (2)
Answer the questions below
1
2
6
3
5
4
7
Identify no’s 1-7 on
the Heart diagram
 Identify the
immediate effects of
exercise on the CV
system.
Extension Question
 Explain how the
‘Double Pump’ system
works.


What are the immediate effects of exercise
on the heart?

The heart beats faster and
stronger to supply more oxygen
to the muscles.

This is caused by adrenaline, a
hormone released during
exercise.

Body temperature- muscles generate heat
which causes the body temperature to rise.

Sweat- To cool down the body produces
sweat.
ENERGY is needed to make the sweat
evaporate and this causes the
temperature to fall.

Lactic acid- when your muscles demand more
oxygen than can be supplied lactic acid builds up
causing muscle fatigue.
=
By the end of this lesson you
should…

Be able to Define the following terms:
Heart Rate (HR)
 Stroke Volume (SV)
 Cardiac Output (Q)


Identify the long term effects & benefits of
exercise on the Cardiovascular system.
Watch the video


How long is the CV system?
What health conditions relating to the CV
system are mentioned?
High cholesterol




Cholesterol is a fatty substance
carried in the blood by lipoproteins.
Lipoproteins come in 2 forms:
 High Density (HDL)
 Low Density (LDL)
HDL contains more protein than fat & is referred to
‘good cholesterol’ because it carries cholesterol away
from the arteries to the liver which removes it.
LDL consists of mainly fat. It is the major cause of
cholesterol in the blood, & it can lead to a build up of
plaque which can restrict blood flow in the arteries.

Blockages result in an increase in blood pressure
Heart rate (HR)

Heart Rate



The number of times the heart beats per
minute (bpm)
Can vary considerably from person to
person,
Average resting HR = 72 bpm


Elite athlete e.g Lance Armstrong, Steve
Redgrave, Paula Radcliffe can have significantly
lower resting HR’s.
Max Heart Rate

220 - age
Stroke Volume (SV)


The volume of blood ejected from the heart in
one heart beat.
At rest:


approx 80ml
During exercise:

up to 130ml
Cardiac Output (Q)

The amount of blood ejected from the heart in
one minute

Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
Q
HR SV
Immediate effects of Exercise on the
Heart




Muscles need oxygen to work.
During exercise the demand
for Oxygen is increased.
Therefore; the cardiac output
needs to be increased.
This is achieved by an
increase in Heart Rate and
Strove Volume.
Task

In small groups (2-3)

Identify as many long term effects of exercise on the
CV system as you can.

With increasing fitness the following occur:
 The heart pumps more blood every beat.
After
Before
Beats per minute
160
140
100
Recovery rate
= 5 mins
60
0
Beats per minute
Time (mins)
160
140
Recovery rate
= 2 mins
100
60
0
Time (mins)
Long term effects of exercise

Endurance training, commonly known as
aerobic/cardiovascular training, helps strengthen
the heart.


With training the general size of the heart gets
bigger, the walls become thicker and stronger.


20 mins + @ 60-80% of max HR
Myocardial hypertrophy.
Therefore:
The SV increases
 Resting HR decreases (bradycardia)
 Can work for longer at higher intensities.

By the end of this lesson you
should…

Be able to Define the following terms:
Heart Rate (HR)
 Stroke Volume (SV)
 Cardiac Output (Q)


Identify the long term effects & benefits of
exercise on the Cardiovascular system.
Homework

Research the effect of lifestyle on the
CV system.
You will need to be able to explain:



The need for rest & recovery time
The impact of diet on the CV system, in
particular how it can effect blood pressure and
cholesterol
The effects of recreational drugs