CDMA/UMTS SYSTEMS (3G NETWORKS)
VIDEO APPLICATIONS
PREPARED BY :
1- FAHAD AL-SUTAMI
2- JARALLAH AL-RASHID
CDMA/UMTS (VIDEO APPLICATIONS)
OUTLINE :
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INTRODUCTION (WHY 3G) ?
WIRLESS NETWORKING.
BASICS OF CDMA.
MIGRATION TO 3G .
EVOLUTION OF MESSAGING.
UMTS OBJECTIVES.
VIDEO STREAMING.
CONCLUSION .
• Existing mobile networks (GSM/CDMA) were designed to handle voice
traffic and voice-oriented services.
• Then, when they were introduced into the market it turned out that,
other than voice-oriented, additional services (SMS to set an example)
gained unexpected popularity.
• The need for data transmission through mobile networks has been
growing gradually together with Internet popularity.
Therefore some network upgrades had to be introduced
into existing mobile networks (HSCSD, GPRS).
However, these improvements provide only limited
capability (e.g. GPRS - up to 50kbit/s in reality).
They don't provide flexible, variable data speed,
supporting Quality of Service solutions.
3G Vision
some 3G advantages :
 - Multimedia (voice, data & video) exchanging .

-Increased data rates
 -384 Kbps while moving
 -2 Mbps when stationary at specific


Locations
- Universal global roaming
 Multilevel data rates which gives multi-purpose networking .
 Many different applications .
CDMA BASICS
• CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is the backbone
technology for UMTS. It splits calls into fragments and
send them over different frequencies simultaneously.
• The use of multiple frequencies gives CDMA effective
protection against interference and lost calls.
• CDMA supports true packet switching and does not use
time slots, therefore it is more bandwidth efficient than
TDMA -- also a more direct path to 3G.
• Current CDMA penetration in the world market is
about 27%.
Important Issue
IMPACT OF VOICE And DATA TRAFFIC:

The provision of multimedia services to mobile users is one
of the main goals of 3G systems.

The traffic transferred in the network will be composed by
different information flows with various constraints on the
required QoS.

The issue over here is to decide the use of whole frequencies
for all users at the same time !!!
Migration To 3G
3rd Generation Wireless Vision
• Extends current data applications & devices
• Enables breakthrough data services
3rd Generation
2nd Generation
Web Browsing
Full Web browsing
E-mail
E-mail w/
Attachments
Online Games
Richer
E-Commerce
Video
Telephony
Multimedia
Messaging
Music Download
Streaming
Audio & Video
E-Commerce
Telemetry
Vertical Solutions
Messaging
Vehicle Location
9.6 Kbps
28.8 Kbps
384 Kbps
Rich Call
Browsing
Messaging
Versatility of Content and User Benefits
Mobile
Multimedia
SMS
Text
Picture
Messaging
Text &
Graphics
Multimedia
Message
Service
Digital
image
input
New
content
types
Time

UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) 3G
standard.
 UMTS is new choice for operators of GSM networks [GSMA].
 UMTS is based on WCDMA radio technology.

The UMTS technology can access to different services ranging
from the classical speech service (8-12,Z Kb/s) to high rate packet
data service (up to2 Mb/s) with different transfer modes.

Circuit switching and packet switching are the two transfer
modes that are available.
• Joint evaluation and optimization of UMTS packet
data services and multimedia applications
• Real-time UMTS radio link emulation is required
for the evaluation of
– interactive applications.
– control loop performance of adaptive applications.
• Support of standard applications:
– IP interface
– QoS support for QoS-unaware IP applications
•
Transport channels are divided into dedicated channels,
which can be assigned and then used only for
transmissions to and from a single mobile terminal (MT) at
a time, and common channels which are time shared by
different MTs.
•
Speech traffic is transported over dedicated channels.
Dedicated Channels (DCH) are assigned to single users
through set-up and tear down procedures and are power
controlled according to a closed loop mechanism that
adjusts transmission power in order to keep the SIR
(Signal to-Interference-Ratio) at a target value.
Packet data can be delivered using a circuit oriented scheme which
still adopts dedicated channels, or can be delivered using ad-hoc
shared resources. In particular, two different shared channels
are available for packet transmissions: DSCH (Downlink Shared
Channel) and FACH (Forward Access Channel).
DSCH users must have an associated active DCH on the
downlink whose power control mechanism is also used to control
the power of the shared channel itself.
The FACH is shared by many users to transmit short bursts of
data, but, unlike DSCH, no closed-loop power control is exerted
and no DCH must be activated to access this channel.
• HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) data
calls on the third-generation (3G) UMTS .
• In recent tests the HSDPA-enhanced network
delivered sustained over-the-air data rates of more
than three megabits per second .
• supported a variety of high-bandwidth multimedia
services including high-quality streaming video, as
well as fast downloads of high resolution images
and other large files.
3G - UMTS
Mobile Station
ME
SIM
Base Station
Subsystem
BTS
BSC
Network Subsystem
MSC/
VLR
EIR
Other Networks
GMSC
PSTN
HLR
AUC
PLMN
RNS
ME
USIM
SD
+
Node
B
RNC
SGSN
GGSN
Internet
UTRAN
Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.
UMTS Concepts
WLAN
Application
Client
LAN
“UMTS Proxy”
Application
Server
 Real-time UMTS radio link emulation running on Linux PC, multimedia
applications on Laptops, all connected by LAN
 Layer 1/2 UMTS radio protocol stack emulation for user plane data traffic,
including:
 RLC segmentation & ARQ
 MAC scheduling
 PHY bit-error injection
 Real-time UMTS radio link emulation running on Linux PC, multimedia
applications on Laptops, all connected by LAN
 QoS flow concept: individual QoS setting for each TCP or UDP data flow
QoS Flows Concept
 Each TCP or UDP connection is treated as an individual flow:
 Flows are distinguished by source/destination IP address and port
numbers.
 To each flow, an individual service is assigned:
 A service is defined by UMTS Traffic Class and maximum bitrate.
 Services are mapped to UMTS radio link protocol parameters.
 Example: differentiation between TCP call setup and UDP data
streaming
Example - Video Streaming




IP-based streaming & videophone applications:
Some but limited delay
UDP transport packet loss
Application specific control loops:
 error control by buffering, retransmission,
and slow bit-rate adaptation.
 designed for Internet congestion.
 Standards & implementations:
 Real Video Streaming
 Windows Media Streaming
 MS NetMeeting (H.323)
Example Session - Parameters
Applications
• Windows Media Streaming:
– multiple bit-rate streams:
26/40/60/80/120/200/300 kbps
(audio: 8 kbps)
– buffer:  3 seconds
• Real Video Streaming:
– multiple bit-rate streams:
20/34/45/80/150/225/350/450
kbps
(audio: 5-32 kbps)
– buffer:  3 seconds
UMTS Proxy
• Frame error model:
PB = 0.01, LB = 2,
• Service:
 Streaming 128 kbps, RLC ARQ
off
 Streaming 128 kbps, RLC ARQ
on
 Streaming 64 kbps, RLC ARQ
on
• buffer: 3 seconds (48 kB / 24 kB)
Supported Applications
 Standard IP applications (ftp, telnet, etc.)
 Web browsing
 MS NetMeeting
 Real Video Streaming
 Windows Media Services
 Video enhanced messaging (“miLife”)
 ... most IP based multimedia application are
configurable to run through the UMTS Proxy!
UMTS Traffic Classes
Traffic Class
Fundamental
Characteristics
Conversational
Interactive
Background
Conversational RT
Streaming RT
Interactive best effort
Background best
effort
Preserve time
relation (variation)
between information
entities of the
stream
Preserve time relation (variation) between information
entities of the stream
(i.e. some but
constant delay)
Request response
pattern
Destination is not
expecting the data
within a certain
time
FAX,
Streaming audio,
Streaming video
Web browsing,
Email,
Ftp,
Database retrieval
Conversational
pattern (stringent
and low delay )
Application
Examples
Streaming
Voice,
Video,
Interactive games
Preserve payload
content
Preserve payload
content
Background download of email,
Backdrop delivery
of email,
SMS, FAX,
Download from
database
The UMTS Demonstrator is an integrated, real-time
UMTS radio link emulator + application monitoring tool.
Application
Client
IP
UMTS
Radio Link
Emulator
Configuration
&
Monitoring
Tool
IP
Application
Server
Conclusion
• We conclude that the CDMA/UMTS networks
are the real future for mobile technology for
more flexibility and numerous different
applications ..