A Battery is not a TANK!
-orMost of what we think we know
about EV’s might be wrong
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One Million EVs by 2015 is the goal.
The Infrastructure Response is great!...
But are we doing it right?
(Rev 5)
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
A Battery is not a Tank!
Gas cars drive-to-empty, then fill-to-full
EV’s charge daily at home and (eventually) at work
Not to-full for best battery life
Not to-empty for best battery life
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Where are the Cars?
Parked at home and at work
This is GM’s data on CARS!
More than 90% of time!
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Why not Charge Them There?
3x
This is GM’s Slide!
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging at Home
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Level-2
gives 2 hr
charge
67% of all Americans live in single family homes
That’s 205 million potential chargers.
Level-1 takes 8 hr charge
(overnight and at work)
$300 cord comes with all EVs and Outlets exist
$3000 installed
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging at Level-1
Every EV comes with a standard 115v charging cord!
Instead of showing
Hours to charge at L1:
Show L1 Miles in 8 Hrs:
Vehicle
Prius PHEV
Hours
4
Vehicle
Miles
Volt
11
Prius PHEV
15 (4 hrs)
Leaf
17
Volt
32
Tesla
36
Leaf
32
Tesla
32
Double this L1 range by
charging at home and work
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging at Work:
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Level-2 charges 32 mile trip in 2 hours.
Level-1 charges 32 mile trip in 8 hours.
L2
Level-1 8 hr charge
(overnight and at work)
L1
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging at Work:
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Employees cars sit for 8 hours. Why not charge?
75% of all commuters drive to work less than 20 mi
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging at Work L1
for Early Adopters:
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Many outlets already exist
Just give us permission to. . .
Payin-to-Plugin
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging at Work at L1:
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Charging for 8 hours:
75% of all commuters (<20 mi) could charge for < $1/day
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging at work L1:
Payin-to-Plugin
Simply let us purchase a
monthly Charging Pass
for the same cost of 8hr
charging per day.
$12/mo
For 10 mi commute
About $12 to $24 per
month for 10 to 20 mile
commuters.
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging at work L1:
Payin-to-Plugin
Cannot be abused!
• 115v charging cord & outlet limited to 12 amps
• Employees arrive 1-way from full charge at home
• Cannot Draw more than $1.50 in 8 hours
• Cannot grab-and-run… takes 8 hours!
• Beyond full charge, no more power can be drawn
• Government, State and Corporate parking controls already exist
• As easy to monitor as Handicapped or other illegal parking
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging at Work L2:
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75% of all commuters (< 20 mi) could charge for < $1
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Meaning Level-2 chargers would be idle 83% of the time
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Level-1 can fully charge 92% of all
commuters in 8 hours (at home & work)
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Many 115v outlets (L1) already exist!
This is the low hanging fruit of EV Infrastructure!
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
There are millions of 115v Level-1 outlets!
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
L1 Charging is good for your Battery
L1 charging should not be overlooked:
Five of the ideas for good battery life benefit by L1 charging:
1.* Avoid full charging when you can.
2.* Avoid deep discharging your battery pack.
4.* Minimize the time spent at a high state of charge.
6.* … plug in whenever you can.
8.* To maximize battery life, minimize use of DC quick charge.
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging Infrastructure Issues, concerns,
Problems, Obstacles, & Challenges:
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•
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Charging Equipment Cost
Installation Cost
New high current wiring Costs
New larger circuit breaker box often required
Metering (Payment System) Costs
Neighborhood Clustering
Neighborhood Utility Transformer upgrade
Grid Loading
Time-of-use and Peak Demands at Peak load
Charging Speed
High rates reduce battery life
Fact or Fiction?
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging Infrastructure Issues concerns,
Problems, Obstacles, Challenges:
Level 2 = FACTs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
It depends on
what you are
talking about!
High Charging Equipment Cost
High Installation Cost
New high current wiring Costs
New larger circuit breaker box often required
Metering (Payment System) Costs
Neighborhood Clustering issues
Neighborhood Utility Transformer upgrade
Grid Peak Loading issues
Time-of-use and Peak Demands at Peak load
Charging Speed demands peak loads
High rates reduce battery life
•
•
•
•
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Level 1 = No Problem
Few Issues apply!
Free – usually exists
Uses standard wiring
Costs from 50 cents to $1.50 / day
No Utility issues. Same as a coffee pot
Charge overnight at off-peak
Or at work for an hour or so
Best battery life
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging Load at L2:
Level-2 = Half-a-House
Significant Issues apply!
It depends on what
you are talking about!
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging Load at L1:
1 Coffee Pot = Level 1
Few Issues apply!
It depends on what you are talking about!
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Charging Infrastructure Issues concerns,
Problems, Obstacles, Challenges:
We must clarify at every level of
discussion and Public Policy,
WHAT WE ARE TALKING ABOUT
Level 2 FACTS
Level 1 Facts
Lots of Issues
Few Issues apply!
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
EV Incentives, Help ?
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Federal and local tax credits for purchase.
HOV lane and other incentives.
Prime parking spaces.
Incentives for charging stations.
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Just being good for You and the Planet
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What Else?
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
EV incentives at Work !
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Can we get Permission to Plugin?
Why can’t we Payin-to-Plugin for Electricity used?
Do we wait for an act of Congress or Legislature?
No. We simply need an executive order!
From the President, Governor, Mayor and/or CEO
Costs Nothing to Implement!
Doubles range of all EV’s instantly
Easier to manage and lower loading
Eliminates most Charging issues
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Easy to add
L1 charging in
Daily Parking
lots at a flat
rate of $1/day
added to
Parking Fee!
This includes
utility load
control to
manage peak
loads.
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
EV Charging - Utility Load Management
EV Charging-at-Work is
counter to the utility’s desire
for off-peak charging at-night.
But Peak demand is regulated
per minute and EV charging
can respond instantly to loadcontrol signals from the Utility.
As shown here, the excess capacity of 60 MW over a
10 minute window can charge 40,000 EV’s at level-1.
Utility load control is easier to implement in bulk at Employer installations
than at every home and garage. (Some employers with peak-load billing problems
can implement their own employee EV controls to minimize their dynamic peaks.)
But unless we talk about L1 charging, nothing is going to happen!
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Need More info?
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Get a Gold Star for your Boss
Enacting Payin-to-Plugin is a WIN-WIN for him
If you have success where you work,
let us know!
Others will follow!
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
Backups and other info
• Carbon and Emissions Issues
• Cost of vehicles
• Maryland Commute statistics
Where does EV Electricity come from?
43.5%
Coal
22.2%
Natural Gas
19.1%
Nuclear
8.9%
Hydroelectric
5.4%
Solar,Wind,Geo
0.7%
Petroleum
The truth is:
Most EV’ers buy an EV for the
environmental benefits and to
reduce fossil fuel dependency.
So, many, (1/3rd) install Solar or
Wind, or sign up for Clean Currents
or other zero fossil fuel electricity
source.
RESULT Today for EVs:
37 %
Solar,Wind,Geo
16 %
Natural Gas
8%
Nuclear
7%
Hydroelectric
31 %
Coal
0.5%
Petroleum
And it will
only get
better!
Bob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html
EV’s Cost Too Much!....?
Imagine if Lincolns, Cadilacs and Lexus were included!
Nationally, 68% drive less than 15 miles to work