Unit 5
Language points
1.aid n/vt. 帮助；援助；资助；救助
1)vt. aid sb to do sth.
with …
以某物给某人帮助
in (doing) sth
他们被指控帮助他逃跑。
They were accused of aiding him in his escape
他资助贫困学校。
He aided poor schools with money .
老人资助孩子继续学业
The old man aided many children to continue
their study .
2)n ①do/give /offer/perform/carry out +first aid
进行急救
②come to one’s aid 来援助某人
③with the aid of sb.＝ with sb.’s aid
在某人帮助下
④in aid of 为帮助
⑤be a great aid to/for… 对…有极大的帮助
He was too busy to come to my aid。
老人拄着拐杖走路
The old man walks with the aid of a stick.
We are raising money in aid of the poor family.
The new dictionary is a great aid to me.
医生来之前，我们进行了急救。
We did first aid before the doctors came .
2. temporary [adj.] 暂时的，临时的
permanent [adj.] 永久的，持久的
3. fall ill (动作)
生病
be ill (状态)
been ill?
How long has he ______
fallen
×
注: fall ill 不能与时间段连用
4.injury n（身体）损伤；伤害(感情、名誉)
an injury to sb/sth 对……的伤害
do an injury to sb=do sb an injury
对某人造成伤害
What you said was an injury to her fame.
Don’t play with fire. You will do yourself an injury.
injure vt.& vi.使受伤；损害；伤害感情；损害名誉
injured adj.受伤的；受委屈的
Smoking will injure your health.
I think he must get/be injured. 受伤
5.bleed vi/vt (bleed-bled-bled) 流血；
为（国家、主义）牺牲流血;为…心痛
bleed to death 流血而死
bleed for…为... ...流血(伤心),对... ...表示同情
His nose was bleeding .
=He was bleeding at/from the nose.
They bled for their country.
My heart bleeds for the poor child.
blood n. 血；血液；
Blood is thicker than water.
血浓于水。
6.essential adj.最重要的,不可缺少的，本质的
be ~ for /to
Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops.
It is essential that we master the grammar.
[n.] (pl.) 必需品 ~s of life
essential用作形容词指事物赖以存在或与他物
相区别的“最基本的”东西。一般与to或for
连用,表示“对…是要紧的”。
essential用于“It is/was essential+that-clause”
结构时, that从句要用虚拟语气。
7. organ [n.]器官；机构
The heart is a vital organ.
state organs 国家机关
8. poison
[c./u.] 毒药，毒害
He killed himself by taking poison.
[vt.]毒害，使中毒
Someone tried to poison our dog.
poisonous [adj.]有毒的；恶毒的；讨厌的
9. complex [adj.]组成因素多，关系复杂的
complicated [adj.]复杂而难理解的
A computer is certainly
complex machine.
a ________
This problem is too
complicated
__________; I can’t
work it out.
10.variety n．cn/un
变化；多样(化)；多变(性)
a variety of
varieties of
各种各样的
There are a variety of flowers in the garden.
various adj 不同的
vary
vt /vi 使……不同；变化
vary from…to…
从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
由于种种原因，每个人开会都迟到了。
Everyone arrived late at the party for various
reasons
Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.
11. mild
“轻微的、不严重的”。
Edward suffered a mild heart attack.
爱德华犯了轻微的心脏病。
“温和的、暖和的；味淡的”
She’s the mildest person I have ever met in my life.
她是我平生见到过的最温柔的人了。
a mild climate 温暖的天气
mild cheese 淡味奶酪
12. electric shock 电击
electric shock/ fans/ lamps
adj.由电驱动的（直接关系）
electrical books adj.与电有关的（间接关系）
electronic
adj.电子的
electricity
n.电
13. swell .v. 膨胀，隆起
①她的腿肿得很厉害。
Her leg has swollen badly.
②风鼓起了帆。
The wind swelled the sails.
③大雨使河水上涨了。
The heavy rain swelled the river.
swollen 可作形容词，表示“ 肿胀的”
Her eyes were red and swollen with weeping.
她的眼睛哭得又红又肿。
14. squeeze 挤；压；塞
The car was full, but I managed to squeeze in.
He squeeze everything into a suitcase.
15.over and over again
=over and over
=again and again
=time and again 反复；多次；
eg: The teacher demands that the students
should read the passage over and over again.
老师要求学生应反复读课文。
16.in place 在适当的位置；适当,准备就绪
I like to have everything in place.
Her dress was quite in place at the party.
out of place 不在适当的位置；不合适
These clothes are out of place.
17.vital adj.
① 至关重要的 to /for
② 生死攸关的,致命的a vital mistake /wound
Consideration for other people is vital to all of us .
It is vital that …(should )do…
It is vital that we should realize the importance of
study.
18.pour vt/vi
1）注、倒 vt
She poured wine into the glasses.
pour sb sth=pour sth for sb
给某人倒……
Shall I pour you a cup of tea?
2）雨倾盆而下 vi
It is pouring outside.
19.a number of 许多；若干
a good/great/large number of
numbers of
many/a great many/a good many
+可数名词
quite a few
dozens of
scores of
much，a great/good deal of,
a large amount of
large amounts of
a lot of , lots of , plenty of
a large quantity of
large quantities of
+不可数名词
+可数/不可数名词
20. put one's hands on 找到
It's most upset that you can't put your hands on it
when you badly need something.
最气人的是当你需要某样东西时却偏偏找不到它
21.treat vt/vi
1）接待；对待 vt
They treated us with all respect.
2)把……当做/想做 vt
treat…as…
He treated this orphan as his own son.
3)治疗 vt
This doctor treated her for a broken arm.
4）款待，宴请 vt /vi
treat sb （to …)
He will treat you to a movie.
22.apply
1) Vi 申请，请求 apply (to …for…)
Many students apply for scholarships .
The company applied to the government
for financial help.
2)Vt vi 适用；适合 apply …to…
apply to…
You can’t apply this rule to every case.
What you said didn’t apply to me.
3)Vt 把……应用于； apply…to…
He applied what he had learned to the
experiment.
4）专心于；致力于 apply oneself to..
He applies himself to the study of English .
5）涂；敷；贴
The nurse applied a bandage to the wound.
23.make a difference 有影响；起重要作用
make a big /a great deal of difference (to …)
make no difference (to…)没影响；没关系
make some difference 有些影响
It will make no difference whether you come
or not.
考上一所好大学将对你的人生影响很大。
Being admitted to a good university will make
a big difference to your life.
tight
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
adj.(形容词)
那件衣服看上去很紧。误 That coat looks tightly.
正 That coat looks tight.
析 tight和tightly都有“紧”的意思。tight既可用作形容词,
也可用作副词; 而tightly只可用作副词。这里look是系动词,
后面须跟形容词tight。
adv.(副词)
门关得紧紧的。误 The door was shut tightly.
正 The door was shut tight.
正 The door was tightly shut.
析 tight和tightly都可以用作副词,意思也一样,但被动式中
tightly通常在系动词的后面,动词的前面