A Developing Power System:
Challenges & Prospects
(Case study on Bangladesh)
Monir Hossain
Graduate Student (PhD)
Electrical Engineering
University of New Orleans
1
Bangladesh at a Glance
• Official Name : People’s Republic of
Bangladesh
CHINA
• Political System : Parliamentary
Democracy
INDIA
INDIA
: 158 million
• Area
: 147,570 km2
• Time Zone
: GMT+6 Hours
• GDP Per Capita :
SYLHET
RAJSHAHI
INDIA
INDIA
• Population
USD 829 (FY 2013)
• GDP Growth Rate: 6-7% (High compare
to other SARAC countries)
DHAKA
• Major Maritime Ports: Chittagong,
Mongla
BARISAL
• Currency
KHULNA
CHITTAGONG
: BDT (1 BDT = USD 0.014)
• Major Industries
: Textile
&
RMG,
Jute, Pharmaceuticals, Ship breaking
200 miles
500 km
2
Bangladesh
Power System
Year 1972
Infrastructure:
Generation: 165MW
132kV Line: 1583 ckt km
66kV Line: 167 ckt. km
Bangladesh
Grid
Network
Year 2003
Infrastructure:
Generation: 3200MW
230kV Line: 1365 ckt. km
132kV Line: 4961 ckt. km
230/132kV SS: 7 (3150 MVA)
132/33kV SS: 63 (5507 MVA)
Bangladesh
Power System
Year 2014
Infrastructure:
Generation: 10GW
400kV Line: 54.7 ckt. km
230kV Line: 3038 ckt. km
132kV Line: 6224 ckt. km
HVDC Station: 1 (500 MW)
230/132kV SS: 17 (7525 MVA)
132/33kV SS: 103 (11780 MVA)
0
2012-13
2010-11
2008-09
2006-07
2004-05
2002-03
2000-01
1998-99
1996-97
1994-95
1992-93
1990-91
1988-89
1986-87
5,000
1984-85
10,000
1982-83
15,000
1980-81
20,000
1978-79
25,000
1976-77
30,000
1974-75
35,000
1972-73
40,000
883
681
1,031
1,202
1,256
1,387
1,538
1,817
2,016
2,236
2,529
2,885
3,261
3,768
4,302
4,560
5,308
6,214
6,759
7,345
7,857
8,450
8,746
9,295
10,266
10,901
11,243
12,194
13,638
14,739
16,255
17,445
18,458
20,302
21,408
22,978
23,268
24,946
26,533
29,247
31,355
35,118
38,229
45,000
1970-71
Historical Energy Net Generation (GWh) in Bangladesh
Net Energy Generation in GWh
Present Structure of Power Sector
 Apex Institution
Power Division, Ministry of Power, Energy & Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
 Regulator
Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission (BERC)
 Generation
Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB)
 Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd. (APSCL)
 Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh (EGCB)
 North West Power Generation Company Ltd. (NWPGCL)
 Independent Power Producers (IPPs)

 Transmission

Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd (PGCB)
 Distribution
Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB)
 Dhaka Power Distribution Company (DPDC)
 Dhaka Electric Supply Company Ltd (DESCO)
 West Zone Power Distribution Company (WZPDC)
 Rural Electrification Board (REB) through Rural Co-operatives

Bangladesh’s Power Sector: At a Glance
Electricity Growth
Generation Capacity (MW)
:
:
2014
10%
10,213
Maximum Generation (MW)
:
7,556
Total Consumers (in Million)
Transmission Lines (ckt.km)
Distribution Lines (km)
Per Capita Generation (including Captive)
:
:
:
:
14.2
9,322
288,787
Access to Electricity
:
62%
(including Off-Grid Renewable)
321
8
Primary Fuel Supply Options
 Gas: Only 16 TCF proven reserve. No significant gas discovery
in recent years. Depleting gas reserve restricts gas based
generation expansion
 Hydro: Present capacity 230 MW. No further significant potential
 Coal: Total 3.2 billion ton reserve in 5 mines. Mines are located
at dense populated area.
 Oil: Depends on importing.
 Renewable: Present capacity only 70 MW. High prospect of
solar.
9
Present Installed Generation Capacity
Public Sector
SL.
1.
2.
3.
BPDB
APSCL
EGCB
4.
NWPGCL
5.
RPCL
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Installed Generation Capacity (MW)
4186
777
622
300
77
Subtotal
5,962 (58%)
Subtotal
1330
99
226
167
1929
500
4,251 (42%)
Private Sector
IPPs
SIPPs (BPDB)
SIPPs (REB)
15 YR. Rental
3/5 YR. Rental
Power Import
Total

10,213
Considering 20 % Maintenance and Forced Outage, Available
Generation Capacity is about 7500 MW without fuel constraint
10
Fuel Mix: FY-2013
FY-2013
Furnace
Oil
14.56%
Diesel
1.95%
Coal
3.02%
Hydro
2.34%
Natural
Gas
78.12%
Total Net Generation : 38,229 GWh
11
Typical Summer Load Curve
8000
7000
6000
SHORTAGE
MW
5000
OIL
4000
HYDRO
3000
COAL
2000
HVDC
1000
GAS
0
12
Typical Winter Load Curve
6000
5000
SHORTAGE
OIL
MW
4000
HYDRO
COAL
3000
HVDC
2000
GAS
1000
0
13
Estimated Future Demand
35000
30000
25000
MW
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
14
Challenges
Huge demand supply gap causes regular load
shedding
High growth rate of electricity due to new
electrification & industrial growth
Fuel crisis due to depleting gas reserve
Arranging fund for investment
Scopes & Prospects
Efficiency improvement of existing power plants.
Fuel diversification.
Regional power trading.
Efficiency improvement of existing
power plants.
Total gas based power plants: 6500MW
Average efficiency of gas based power plants: 30%
Efficiency of modern CCPP (Gas)= 60%
Possible output using same amount of gas= 13000MW
Fuel Diversification
Coal:
Local Coal + Imported Coal
Solar:
Road Map for Coal Power Development
K-D-P 6x1000 MW
Meghnaghat 2x660MW
Chittagong 4x660MW
Moheshkhali/Matarbari 4x660MW
Railway
Khulna 2x660MW
Total 14,000MW
Coal Center
Chittagong
Matarbari
Sonadia Island
: Potential Coal PS
: Potential Coal Center
: Ocean-going vessel
: Transship
Solar Power
Huge potential in solar
Land constraint
Rooftop Solar Panels
Islands for Mega Solar
Bangladesh
20
Regional Power Trade
Hydro Power Potential &
Solar Powercorridor
Transmission
India needs corridor
Nepal & Bhutan has excess potential
80GW
Huge prospect
in solar
60GW
30GW
Bangladesh
Main limitation:
Land constraint
Islands can be
identified for solar
(2000MW)
22
Regional Power Exchange: Possibilities
6.5GW
6x6.5GW
1GW
6.5GW
2GW
4-6GW
1GW
1GW
Probable Power Generation: Primary Fuel Sources by 2030
Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
Description
Capacity (MW)
Domestic Coal
Imported Coal
6,000
8,000
Domestic Gas
Solar
13,000
2,000
5
Regional Grid
6
Others (Oil, Hydro)
Total
8,000-10,000
15,00
41,500
Probable Location (s)
North West Region at Mine Mouth
Chittagong and Khulna
Near Load Centers
Islands, Rooftop
Barapukuria, Jamalpur, Dhaka,
Bheramara
Near Load Centers
Recommended Strategic Policy
 Ensuring Investment Friendly Environment
 Efficient use of gas: Simple Cycle to Combined Cycle
Conversion
 Coal Policy
 Deep Sea Port & Coal Centre
 Locations Identification for Mega Solar
 Friendly Relation with Neighbor’s
 Participation on Hydro Power Development Projects (India,
Nepal & Bhutan)
THANKS
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