Strategies of Uplift in the Jim Crow Era Ida B. Wells, 1893 “Negro Expulsion From Railway Car” African American schoolhouse, Virginia, ca. 1920 Ida B. Wells, Southern Horrors, 1892 The lynching of Henry Smith, Texas, 1893 Will James, lynched in Cairo, Illinois, 1909 Crowd at the lynching of Jesse Washington, Waco, Texas, 1916 Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith. Marion, Indiana, 1930 Booker T. Washington speaking before a southern crowd, ca. 1895 Booker T. Washington delivers a lecture at Carnegie Hall, 1906 W.E.B. Du Bois, historian and civil rights activist, ca. 1905 “Lynchings in the U.S.: The Massacre of Negroes in Atlanta,” Le Petit Journal (Fr), 1906 “The Reason,” The Crisis, 1920 “Sambo Target” dart game, ca. 1950 Hattie McDaniel as “Mammy” in Gone With The Wind, 1939 Postcard, 1900 Gus as the “Brute” in Birth of a Nation, 1915 “Zip coon” sheet music, ca. 1910 Stepin Fetchit as “Jeff Poindexter” in Judge Priest, ca. 1934 “The Ignorant Vote,” Harper’s Weekly, 1876 “Uncle Sam to Filipinos – ‘You’re Next,’” Judge, 1899