Focus on Safety:
Preventing The Top Four
Construction Fatalities
State Building and Construction Trades
Council
Funded by Federal OSHA (2012)
OSHA Grant Number
This material was produced under grant number
SH-23588-12-60-F-6 from the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration, U.S. Department of
Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or
policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does
mention of trade names, commercial products, or
organizations imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
Credits ─ Sources of Information
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Center for Construction Research & Training (CPWR)
Laborers International Union of North America
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
Cal/OSHA
Federal OSHA
Occupational Health Branch, California Dept. of Public
Health
The Construction Institute
Associated General Contractors
Topics
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The Construction Workforce Nationwide
Fall Hazards
Electrical Hazards
Struck-by Hazards
Caught-in/between Hazards
The Construction Workforce
Nationwide
Construction

In 2010, construction workers were 6%
of the workforce and 18.5% of the
workplace deaths.
Non-English Speaking Workers
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An estimated 4.5 million of
California’s 17 million
workers do not speak
English.
Cal/OSHA states that
employers must have a
system to communicate
with employees in a form
readily understandable to
them.
Nationwide Construction Fatalities by
Hazard (2010)
Other 43%
Electrocutions
10%
Struck-by 8%
Caught-in/between
4%
Falls
United States 2010
751 Total Fatalities
35%
What Are the 4 Leading Causes of
Death in Construction?
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Falls
Electrical hazards
Struck-by hazards
Caught-in/between
hazards
Focus Four OSHA Citations
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85% of all citations and 90% of dollars in
OSHA construction fines are related to the
Focus Four hazards.
57% of all construction fatalities are related
to the Focus Four hazards.
Cal/OSHA’s High Hazard Industry List
(2011-2012) - Construction

Roofing Contractors
Fall Hazards
Session Objectives
By the end of the session
students will learn:
1) The five main causes of fall fatalities.
2) How to prevent falls.
3) How to use a personal fall protection
system.
4) How to use ladders safely.
What Occupations Have the Highest
Number of Deaths From Falls?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Construction
Laborers
Roofers
Carpenters
Painters
Ironworkers
Falls Are Number One
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Falls are the leading
cause of construction
fatalities.
Falls accounted for
35% of construction
deaths nationwide in
2010.
Have you, or anyone
you know, had a fall
on the job? What
happened?
Ironworker Dies After Falling Off Beam
(California Case Study)
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Break into small groups.
Take 5-10 minutes to read the case
study and discuss the question.
Report your answer back to the class.
What Should Have Been Done to
Prevent This Accident?
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Investigators said employers should:
Require everyone working at heights to wear
fall protection equipment.
Make sure openings are properly covered or
otherwise protected.
If possible, provide alternate means of
access to the work, such as an aerial lift
(zoom boom).
What Are The Main Causes of Fall
Fatalities?
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Unprotected sides and edges, roof and wall
openings, and floor holes
Improper scaffold construction
Improper use of portable ladders
Falls from girders and structural steel
Unguarded protruding steel rebars
Fatal Falls in Construction by Type
Causes of death from falls in construction, 2003-2008
Other
(26%)
From roof
(32%)
From girder,
structural steel
(7%)
From ladder
(17%)
From scaffold, staging
(18%)
How Can Workers Be Protected From
Falling Off an Edge?
Protecting Workers From Falling Off an
Edge
When workers are on a surface with an unprotected
side or edge greater than 7.5 feet above the lower
level, Cal/OSHA says employers must provide:
 A guardrail system,
 A safety net,
 A fall arrest system such
as a lifeline and harness, or
 A fall restraint system
Can You Catch Yourself If You Fall?
No!
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The average person’s reaction time is half a second.
In that time you fall 4 feet.
Gravity pulls you down and your speed quickly
increases.
A person who weighs 200 pounds and falls 6 feet will
hit the ground with almost 10,000 pounds of force.
Catching yourself during a fall only happens in
the movies.
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Unsafe Covers
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Covers over openings must be properly
marked, positively affixed, and capable of
supporting twice the intended load or 400
lbs., whichever is greater.
Covers must be secured in place to prevent
accidental removal or displacement.
Marking should read:
“Opening-Do Not Remove.”
Working on Scaffolds
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Scaffold deaths
accounted for 5% of
construction deaths in
2008.
About 1 in 5 of the fatal
falls in construction are
from scaffolds.
Cal/OSHA Scaffold Requirements
Scaffolds must be
erected and dismantled
under the supervision of
a “qualified” person.
More Scaffold Safety Requirements
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Scaffolds (and all people
working on them) must be at
least 10 feet from energized
power lines.

Must be able to support their
own weight and at least 4
times the intended load.

Must have toeboards and
guardrails.
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Improper Scaffold Construction
No guardrails on sides or ends of
scaffold.
 No safe access to scaffold platforms.
 Platforms are not fully planked from
side to side.
 Missing toeboards.
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Steel Erectors
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An average of 35
Ironworkers die
each year during
steel erection.
Fall arrest systems
for steel erectors
are difficult to set
up.
Cal/OSHA’s Steel Erection Standard
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All steel erection
employees (except
connectors) working on an
unprotected side or edge
more than 15 feet high
must use fall protection.
Connectors must use fall
protection when working
two stories or 30 feet
above a lower level.
Then …
and Now
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Not Wearing Fall Protection on Roof
Truss
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Man on truss is not using fall protection.
Cal/OSHA requires fall protection when
employees are walking or working on top
plates, joists, rafters, trusses, beams, or
similar structural members over 15 feet
above the grade or floor level below.
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Protruding Rebar Hazards
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Guard all protruding
ends of steel rebar with
rebar covers or wooden
troughs, or
Bend rebar so exposed
ends are no longer
upright.
When working above
exposed rebar, fall
protection/ prevention is
your best defense
against impalement.
What’s the Best Way to Prevent Falls?
Methods of Fall Protection
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What is the difference between fall
prevention and fall arrest?
Fall Prevention
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Fall prevention systems use equipment to
prevent workers from falling.
What are some ways you can prevent
falls?
Use guard rails, covers, and fall restraint
devices.
Fall Arrest
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Fall arrest systems are designed to catch
workers after they have fallen.
What are some examples of fall arrest
systems?
Fall arrest includes personal fall arrest
systems and safety nets.
Guardrail Systems
Safety Nets
Personal Fall Protection Systems
(PFP)
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Employer must fit and
train each worker about
PFPs.
Employer must train
workers about types of
fall hazards, how to
protect yourself, and
limitations of PFPs.
Inspect Fall Protection Equipment
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User must inspect fall
protection equipment
before each use.
Competent person must
inspect fall protection
equipment twice a year.
What Are The Components of a
Personal Fall Protection System?
Body harness
 Lanyard and
connectors
 D-ring
 Anchorage point
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Training for Fall Arrest Systems
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Required training should
include:
Explanation of the
company’s fall protection
policies and systems.
Selection and proper use
of Fall Arrest Systems and
related equipment.
Selection of adequate tie
off point.
Why Don’t Workers Like To Wear
Personal Fall Protection Equipment?
Ladder Accidents
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Each year, about 65 construction workers
are killed by falls from ladders.
Most deaths happen from 10 feet or lower.
Twice as many falls occur when stepping
down ladders than when going up ladders.
The main cause of falls from straight and
extension ladders is the ladder sliding off its
base.
Tie off extension ladders if they are being left
in place for access.
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Unsafe Ladder Use
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It’s the wrong ladder to use in this situation.
You should never work on the top step or
cap of a ladder.
Make sure that the weight on the ladder will
not cause it to slip off its support.
How Do You Use a Ladder Safely?
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Make sure the ladder is on a firm level
surface.
Always face the ladder when going up or
down.
Maintain three-point contact at all times
Don’t carry anything in your hands.
Secure the ladder to prevent slipping.
Never over-reach to get at something off to
one side.
View DVD: Don’t Fall for It
Fall Prevention Summary
Cal/OSHA requires fall protection on a
surface with an unprotected side or edge
greater than 7.5 feet above a lower level.
 Fall prevention: keeps workers from falling
(guardrails and hole covers).
 Fall arrest: catches workers after they have
fallen (personal fall arrest systems and safety
nets).
Fall Prevention Summary (cont’d)
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Floor openings must be secured, covered,
labeled, and covers should support twice the
load.
Scaffolds must be erected and dismantled
under the supervision of a “qualified” person.
Set ladders at 4:1 height-to-base ratio, and
climb using 3-point contact.
Fall Prevention: Tips and Feedback
Class Brainstorm
 What tips do you have
to help prevent falls on
the job?
 What is your employer
already doing to help
prevent falls?
 What else do you think
should be done?
Electrical Hazards
Session Objectives
By the end of the session
students will learn:
1) The four main causes of electrical injuries.
2) How to prevent injury and death from
electrical hazards.
3) What to do if a co-worker gets shocked.
What Are The Main Causes of
Electrical Injuries?
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Contact with Overhead Power
Lines
Contact with Live Circuits
Poorly Maintained Power
Cords
Improper Use of Power Tools
Have you, or anyone you
know, been injured by an
electrical hazard on a
construction site? What
happened?
Electrocutions Are Number 2
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Electrocutions are the
second leading cause of
construction fatalities.
Electrocutions accounted
for 10% of construction
deaths nationwide in 2010.
Workers can even be killed
by ordinary household
current.
Laborer Electrocuted By Energized
Crane (California Case Study)
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Break into small groups.
Take 5-10 minutes to read the case
study and discuss the question.
Report your answer back to the class.
What Should Have Been Done to
Prevent This Accident?
Investigators said employers should:
 Give workers information on what hazards to look for
and how to avoid them.
 Have strict safety procedures when working with a
crane near high voltage power lines.
 Contact the local electric power company and have
the power turned off when working within a certain
distance of high voltage power lines.
 Never operate a crane within 10 feet of a power line.
Death from Electrical Hazards
Causes of electrocution deaths among non-electrical
construction workers, 2003-05
Effects of Electricity
Estimated Effects of AC Currents
(U.S. Standard 60 Hz)
1 milliamp
(mA)
16 mA
20 – 30 mA
100 mA
2 Amps
15/20/30
Amps
Barely perceptible
Maximum current an average
man can grasp and “let go”
Paralysis of respiratory
muscles
Ventricular fibrillation
threshold
Cardiac standstill and internal
organ damage
Common U.S. household
breakers
PATH:
Harm is
related to
the path by
which
current
passes
through the
body.
Working Around Power Lines
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Overhead power lines
carry extremely high
voltage.
Electrocution, burns, and
falls from elevations are
concerns for workers.
Contact with power lines
can also cause
explosions and fire.
What Equipment Might Contact Power
Lines?
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Crane
Ladder
Scaffold
Backhoe
Scissors lift
Raised dump truck bed
Bullfloat handle
Power Line Facts
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Overhead lines are typically not insulated.
Equipment operators are normally safe when
equipment accidentally touches a power line
if they stay inside their equipment.
Workers on the ground who come in contact
with power lines are 8 times more likely to be
killed than workers inside equipment or
vehicles.
How Can You Work Around Overhead
Power Lines Safely?
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Locate overhead lines
before starting the job.
Keep equipment at least
10 feet away.
Assume that lines are
energized.
De-energize and ground
lines when working nearby.
Use wood or fiberglass
ladders near power
lines―still keeping at least
10 feet away.
Contact with Live Circuits
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Missing Ground Prong
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Extension cord has a missing grounding
prong.
If the power supply is not grounded or the
path to ground has been broken, live current
may travel through a worker's body causing
electrical burns or death.
What Is This? What Does This Do?
Ground-fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)
Protects you from shock.
 Detects difference in current between
the hot and neutral wires (including a
ground fault).
 If a ground fault is detected, the GFCI
shuts off electricity in 1/40th of a
second.
 Use GFCIs on all 120-volt, singlephase, 15-and 20-ampere receptacles.

What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Improper Cord Use
These cords are improperly wired
directly to the electrical circuit.
 Not protected by a GFCI.
 Two-wire cords are not grounded and
not rated for hard or extra-hard service.

What’s Does This Tell Us?
How Can You Use Power Tools Safely?
Power Tool Safety Tips
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Keep cords away from water, heat, oil, and
sharp edges.
Disconnect tools when not in use, before
servicing, and when changing accessories
such as blades, etc.
Use double-insulated tools.
Stop using any power tool that is wet,
overheating, smoking, starting to smell, or if
you feel a tingle or shock.
What Should You Do If Someone Gets
Shocked?
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Call 911.
Do not touch the worker in
contact with electric current.
You could get shocked too.
Turn off the power.
Use nonconductive material
(like a wooden stick) to
remove him/her from the
power source. This does not
apply to high voltage lines.
Start CPR or other first aid.
Electrical Hazards Summary
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Contact with power lines causes the most
electrocutions. Stay at least 10 feet away.
Use GFCIs for protection.
Make sure power is off when servicing or
repairing tools and equipment.
Inspect all electrical tools before use.
Do not touch a worker in contact with electric
current. Use nonconductive material like a
wooden stick to move him/her.
Electrical Hazards: Tips and Feedback
Class Brainstorm
 What tips do you have to
help prevent electrical
accidents on the job?
 What is your employer
doing to help prevent
electrical accidents?
 What else do you think
should be done?
Struck-by Hazards
Session Objectives
By the end of the session
students will learn:
1) The three main causes of struck-by
fatalities.
2) How to prevent struck-by fatalities.
3) The safety requirements for nail guns and
powder-actuated tools.
Struck-by Hazards Are Number Three
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Struck-by hazards are the third leading cause of
construction fatalities.
Struck-by fatalities accounted for 8% of construction
deaths nationwide in 2010.
Approximately 75% of struck-by fatalities involve
heavy equipment.
One in four “struck-by-vehicle” deaths involve
construction workers, more than any other
occupation.
What Are The Main Causes of Struckby Deaths?
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Vehicle and Roadway
Hazards
Falling Objects
Flying Objects
Have you, or anyone
you know, had an
accident from a struckby hazard on the job?
What happened?
Construction Laborer Run Over by FrontEnd Loader (California Case Study)

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Break into small groups.
Take 5-10 minutes to read the case
study and discuss the question.
Report your answer back to the class.
What Should Have Been Done to
Prevent This Accident?
Investigators said employers should make sure:
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Workers keep out of the immediate area where
heavy equipment is operating.
When visual contact is lost with workers on foot, the
equipment operator stops the equipment until
contact is re-established.
Equipment has a working back-up alarm.
There is a written code of safe practices for all
hazards.
Workers are adequately trained.
What Are the Leading Causes of
Highway Worker Fatalities?
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For highway workers on
foot, the leading cause
of fatalities is being
struck by construction
equipment.
For highway equipment
operators, the most
common cause of
fatalities is equipment
rollover.
What Precautions Should You Take
Around Moving Vehicles or Equipment?
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Stay clear of vehicles.
Know traffic control plan.
Communicate with operators
by radio and/or eye contact.
Stay out of "blind spots."
Wear an ANSI approved
1007-2004 high-visibility vest.
Don’t stand under loads.
What Should the Employer Do?
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Have a traffic control
plan.
Set up barricades and
warning signs.
Assign spotters and/or
flaggers.
Equip vehicles with rear
vision cameras and
radar systems to detect
workers.
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Out of Driver’s Line of Sight
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This worker is in the driver’s blind spot.
There is no spotter.
Worker is not wearing an ANSI approved
vest.
One in four "struck by vehicle" deaths
involve construction workers, more than
any other occupation.
How Can You Be Struck by Falling
Objects?
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Working under cranes or
scaffolds.
Rigging failure.
Loose or shifting
materials.
Lack of overhead
protection.
How can you be
protected from falling
objects?
Protection Against Falling Objects
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Wear a hard hat.
Secure all loads, tools,
and materials.
Use toeboards.
Use debris nets, catch
platforms, or canopies.
Never walk or work
below moving objects
overhead, like concrete
buckets.
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Falling Object Hazards in the Picture
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Scaffold is constructed improperly.
Workers could get struck by objects falling off
the scaffolding because there is no toeboard.
No hardhats or safety glasses.
What Are “Flying Object” Hazards?
Tools can create particles when chipping,
grinding, sawing, brushing, or hammering.
 Particles from some tools move at amazing
speed and can hit with the force of a bullet,
like those from pneumatic and powderactuated tools.
How can you be protected from flying
objects?

Protection From Flying Objects
Wear eye protection.
 Wear hardhats.
 Inspect tools before use.
 Make sure you are properly trained
before using a power tool.

Powder-Actuated Tools
What do you think
happened here?
How Should You Use Powder-Actuated
Tools Safely?
According to Cal/OSHA:
 Training is required to use the tool.
 Eye or face protection should be worn
(hearing protection too).
 The tool should always be held perpendicular to the
work surface when fastening into any material,
except for applications recommended by the
manufacturer.
 A sign must be posted within 50 feet of the area
where the tools are being used.
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Improper Use of Nail Gun
The carpenter is firing a nail toward
himself.
 He has no protective equipment like a
hardhat and safety glasses.
 He doesn’t seem to be using hearing
protection.

Struck by--Nailguns
Highlights of Cal/OSHA’s Nailgun Regs
§1704. Pneumatically Driven Nailers and Staplers
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All pneumatically-driven nailers and staplers
shall:
Have a safety device on the muzzle.
Be connected to the air supply with spring
loaded shut-off valve and a positive locking
mechanism to prevent the tool from
becoming accidentally disconnected.
Highlights of Cal/OSHA’s Nailgun Regs
(cont’d)

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Personal protective equipment shall be used.
Tools shall be equipped with a fitting that will
discharge all compressed air in the tool at
the time the fitting or hose coupling is
disconnected.
Safety training shall be conducted prior to
initial assignment.
Training shall be conducted by a qualified
person.
Struck-by Hazards Summary
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Use caution around vehicles and equipment,
maintain eye contact with operators, and
wear high-visibility gear.
Don’t stand under loads.
Wear a hard hat and safety glasses to protect
yourself from flying objects.
Don’t use powder-actuated tools unless you
are trained and certified.
Pneumatically-driven nailers and staplers
must meet new Cal/OSHA safety regulations.
Struck-by Hazards: Tips and Feedback
Class Brainstorm
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
What tips do you have
to help prevent struckby accidents on the
job?
What is your employer
already doing to help
prevent struck-by
accidents?
What else do you think
should be done?
Caught-in/between Hazards
Session Objectives
By the end of the session
students will learn:
1) The three main causes of caughtin/between fatalities.
2) How to prevent caught-in/between deaths.
3) How to prevent equipment roll-overs.
What Are The Main Causes of Caughtin/between Deaths?

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Being crushed by
collapsing materials, such
as in a trench or
excavation.
Being caught in, or
between, machinery or
equipment.
Equipment rollover.
Caught-in/between Hazards Are
Number 4


Caught-in/between hazards are
the fourth leading cause of
construction fatalities.
Caught-in/between deaths
accounted for 4% of construction
fatalities nationwide in 2010.
Have you, or anyone you know,
been injured working in a
trench? What happened?
Plumber Dies When Trench Collapses
(California Case Study)



Break into small groups.
Take 5-10 minutes to read the case
study and discuss the question.
Report your answer back to the class.
What Should Have Been Done to
Prevent This Accident?
Investigators said employers should make
sure:
 Workers don’t enter trenches deeper than 5’ without
shoring, benching, or sloping.
 Backhoe operators place excavated soil (spoil) from
trenches at least 2’ from the edge of the trench.
 Workers get safety training before they are assigned
hazardous work.
Why Are Trenches Dangerous?




Most deaths from cave-ins occur
in trenches 5 to 15 ft. deep.
Cave-ins happen suddenly with
no warning.
Other risks: falls, electrocution,
being struck by falling objects (or
equipment), and bad air.
Bad air can make it hard to
breathe, help cause a fire, or
poison you.
Think You Can Run?
If a trench collapses,
why not just run out
of the way?
 Soil falls too fast.
 Guess how fast it
falls from a height of:
2 feet? 4 feet? 6 feet?
Click your choice.

From Two Feet …
It takes only 0.35
seconds for soil to
fall two feet.
 Human reaction
time is about 0.50
seconds.
 There’s no time to
escape.
Go Back Continue

From Four Feet …
It takes only 0.50
seconds for soil to
fall four feet.
 Human reaction time
is about 0.50
seconds.
 There’s no time to
escape.
Go Back Continue

From Six Feet …
It takes only 0.61 seconds
for soil to fall six feet.
 Human reaction time is
about 0.50 seconds.
 In this example, it would
take a worker another 0.11
seconds to reach the
ladder.
 There’s no time to escape.
Go Back Continue

How Much Does Soil Weigh?
OK, the trench has
collapsed. A little bit of
soil can’t weigh that
much, right? Maybe
you could dig out?
 Wrong! Assume
you’re buried three
feet deep. A cubic yard
of soil is pressing on
you.
How much do you think
a cubic yard weighs?

Up to Two Tons!



A cubic yard of wet
excavated clay weighs
3078 lbs.
A cubic yard of wet
sand and gravel
weighs 3375 lbs.
A cubic yard of
sandstone weighs
3915 lbs. That’s
almost two tons!
Weight of a Truck


Two tons is almost
the weight of a
small pickup truck.
Try to breathe or
move with this
weight on your
arms, chest, and
face. You can’t!
What Causes Trench Deaths?





No protective system (like shoring) is in
place.
Trenches and excavations are not properly
or regularly inspected.
Excessive weight, such as machinery and
spoil, is close to the edge of the excavation.
No safe means is available to get in and out
of the trench.
Water in trenches.
What Must an Employer Do to Make a
Trench Safe?


Cal/OSHA says your
employer must train
workers about trench
hazards and how to
protect themselves.
Employer must name a
“competent” person
before a trench is dug.
What Should You Do Before You
Work In a Trench?




Notify all Regional Notification Centers and all
underground utility owners.
Notify two working days before starting the
work.
Make sure the contractor has marked all
utilities before digging.
Make sure the competent person say it’s OK to
work in.
What Should You Do Before You
Work In a Trench? (cont’d)



Make sure equipment, like water pumps and
ventilators, are in good condition.
Make sure there is a ladder within 25’ so you
can get in and out.
If bad air is expected, make sure there is a
rescue plan.
How Can Cave-Ins Be Prevented?



Trenches 5 feet or deeper require support,
unless they are in solid rock.
Excavations 5 feet or deeper require a
permit from Cal/OSHA if workers will be
entering them.
The type of trench protection depends on
the type of soil, and only a competent
person can classify soil.
What Are The Four Basic Ways To
Support A Trench?




Sloping
Benching
Shoring
Shielding
Sloping

Soil angled to increase stability
Benching

Steps in trench wall
Shoring


A support system
made of posts,
wales, struts, and
sheeting.
Hydraulic shoring
(shown here) is very
common.
Shielding

A protective frame
or box is used as a
trench shield
system.
Entering and Leaving a Trench



There must be a
stairway, ladder, or
ramp in excavations
4’ or more deep.
It must be within 25’
of the workers.
Ladder should
extend 3’ above the
top of the trench.
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Unsafe Trench



There is no shoring.
We can’t see if there is a way to safely enter
or leave the trench.
Backhoe should not be on top of the trench.
Workers should be protected from equipment
that could pose a hazard by falling or rolling
into excavations.
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Trenching Box Is Too Low
The trench shield should extend to the
catch point (top) of the trench.
 Ladders should be placed so that no
worker is more than 25’ from an exit.
 The backhoe is too close to the edge of
the trench. Its weight might cause a
cave-in.

What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Unsafe Spoils Pile

The spoil pile is required to be at
least 2 feet from the edge of the
trench and/or retained to prevent it
from falling into the trench.
What’s Wrong With This Picture?
Hazardous Trench
This trench has:
 Inadequate sloping
 No shoring
 No trench shield
Excavation Rescue

Excavation rescue must
be done carefully
because rescue
operations might:
–
–
–
cause additional cave-ins
create more soil pressure
on buried victim
injure the victim more
severely.
What Are Some Other Caughtin/between Hazards?




Caught-in machinery or
mechanical equipment
Pinned between
equipment and a solid
object (wall or
equipment)
Equipment service and
maintenance
Rollovers
What Are Examples of Mechanical or
Moving Equipment?
Saws
 Presses
 Conveyors
 Bending, rolling, or shaping machines
 Powered hand tools
 Forklifts

How Can Workers Be Protected From
Moving Parts or Equipment?
Machine Guards
What Other Precautions Should You Take
When Servicing or Repairing Equipment?
Lockout/blockout


Cal/OSHA says that
employers should:
Set up a written lockout/
blockout program to make
sure equipment is
disconnected and locked
before it is repaired.
Train you to use the
program.
Rollovers


Have you, or anyone you
know, experienced a
vehicle or equipment
rollover?
What happened?
What Can You Do to Prevent
Rollovers?




Don’t work parallel to steep
grades, embankments, or
unstable soil.
Use equipment with a ROPS,
and fasten the seatbelt.
If rolling over, don’t jump out if
the vehicle has a ROPS and
seatbelt.
You have a better chance to
ride it out with a ROPS and
your seat belt fastened.
What Happened Here?
Caught-in/between Hazards Summary






Trench protection is required for 5 ft. deep or more.
Methods of trench protection – sloping, benching,
shoring, shielding.
Trench inspections must be conducted by a competent
person.
Only those who are trained and equipped should
perform trench rescues.
Use lockout/blockout procedures when servicing or
repairing machines.
Use heavy equipment that has a ROPS and fasten the
seatbelt.
Caught-in/between Hazards:
Tips and Feedback
Class Brainstorm



What tips do you have to
help prevent accidents
from being caught-in/
between moving
equipment on the job?
What is your employer
already doing to prevent
these accidents?
What else do you think
should be done?
You’ve Come A Long Way! But We
Still Have a Ways to Go…