HSCII MOTOR SKILLS
STUDY GUIDE
Created
By
Dr. Butler for HTH
• Standard 1.1 Combine and apply movement patterns,
simple to complex, in self defense, tumbling, and
team activities.
REVIEW OF TUMBLING
• Standard 1.1 Combine and apply movement patterns,
simple to complex, in self defense, tumbling, and
team activities.
History of Gymnastics
• 1700s – Gymnastics
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begins in Germany
1800s – Leotard invented
1896 – First gymnastics
in Olympics (men)
1928 – First women
gymnastics in Olympics
1976 – First perfect score
(Nadia Comaneci from
Romania scores 10.0
floor routine)
History of Gymnastics Continued
1984 – USA men’s team wins gold in
Olympics
1996 – USA Kerri Strug sticks landing on
vault with one foot (injured ankle
previously)
Log Roll
• Lay on back with arms
extended over head.
• Turn head and
shoulders to the left or
right.
• Keep body straight.
• Roll around body.
Front Shoulder Roll
• Drop one shoulder.
• Fall forward placing
one arm diagonally
across body.
• Tilt head forward and
to the side.
• Tuck chin to chest.
• Roll over extended
arm, shoulder, and
back.
V Sit
• Sit on the floor with
your knees bent and
arms extended.
• Extend your knees to
assume a "V" shape.
• Support your body
weight on your seat.
Front Seat Support
• Sit on the floor with legs
straight and hands flat
on the floor between
hips and knees.
• Point your fingers toward
your feet.
• Push down against the
floor so that your hips
come up off the floor.
• Lift your heels and
support your weight on
your hands.
Forward Roll
• Assume a squat position.
• Tuck chin to your chest.
• Push against the ground
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with your feet.
Lift your hips.
Roll over your rounded
back.
Tuck your legs.
Push off with your hands.
Roll forward to a squat
position.
Back Shoulder Roll
• From a squat position,
roll backward over one
shoulder.
• Keep knees close to
your chest.
• Continue moving legs
over your body until toes
touch the floor.
• Turn your head and look
toward your knees.
• Bring your arms off the
floor to complete the roll.
Backward Roll
• Assume a squat position
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with your back toward the
mat.
Roll over rounded back.
Keep your knees close to
your chest.
Reach over your shoulders
with your hands in a palms
up position.
Push your hands against
the mat to take the weight
off your neck.
Bring your body to a squat
position.
Switcheroo
• Perform a front lunge with
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your arms over your head.
Bend forward at your hips.
Place your hands on the
mat.
Kick your back leg up
followed by your front leg.
Scissor your legs in the air.
Land with your rear leg in
the front.
Land with your front leg in
the rear.
Teeter Totter
• Perform a front lunge with
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arms overhead.
Bend forward at your hips.
Place your hands on the mat.
Kick up your back leg up
followed by your front leg.
Hold your feet together for a
moment in the handstand
position.
Scissor your legs in the air.
Land with your rear leg in the
front.
Land with your front leg in the
rear.
Handstand
1. Start with legs apart
2.
3.
4.
5.
and hands over
head.
Bend forward at your
hips.
Place both hands on
the mat.
Kick legs up.
Hold legs together in
a straight line.
Tripod
• Squat down.
• Place your hands and
head on the mat in a
triangular position.
• Place your knees on
your elbows.
• Maintain a balanced
position.
Three Point Tip Up
• Squat down.
• Place your hands flat on the
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mat.
Point your fingertips forward.
Position your elbows inside
your legs.
Press your elbows against
the inner part of your lower
thighs.
Lean forward.
Transfer your weight to your
bent elbows and hands.
Lower your forehead to the
mat.
Headstand – Balance Inversion
• Squat down.
• Place your hands and
head on the mat in a
triangular position.
• Move both feet slowly
upward over the your
head.
• Position your feet
together with your legs
straight and your toes
pointed.
• Maintain a balanced
position.
Round Off- Hand-Hand-Both Feet
• Start with slight run.
• Push off with right foot
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then left foot.
Place hands close
together.
Keep arms straight and
your head up.
Push off with both
hands.
Bring your feet together.
Make a quarter turn.
Bend at your waist to
land on both feet.
Cartwheel –Hand-Hand-Foot-Foot
• Place your hands over
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your head.
Bend your body to the left.
Place your left hand on the
mat.
Place your right hand on
the mat.
Place right foot on mat.
Place left foot on mat.
Keep your elbows and legs
straight and your head up.
Finish in a standing
position.
Resources for Tumbling
• Livestrong Basic Tumbling
• History of Gymnastics
• Video: The First Perfect 10 in Gymnastics (Nadia)
REVIEW OF SELF
DEFENSE
With a “grab” the correct order for escape
is:
1. Step to the side of
2.
3.
4.
5.
your attacker.
Turn arm in a half
circle.
Use both hands to
chop down to break
the grip.
Response
Escape
Break the Grip Using Leverage
A. Side step after grab.
B. Beginning of half
turn.
C. Completion of half
turn.
D. “Softening Up”
attacker.
Head Lock
Escape:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Turn chin into the
attacker’s arm pit.
Reach arm around
to attacker’s face.
Reach hand closest
to attacker around
and grab his/her
face.
Grab attacker’s
hand.
“Open Up”--Stand
up and look away
Over Arm Hugs
Front and
Back:
1.
2.
Drop your weight
Get in an athletic
stance.
Choke from
Behind
Escape:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tuck chin
Turn to the side
and swing arm
over his/her arms
Pin his/her arms
Going away
present
REVIEW OF TEAM
ACTIVITIES
SKILLS NEEDED
FOR EFFECTIVE
OFFENSE AND
DEFENSE
A.
B.
C.
Reaction Time
Agility
Speed
TO PASS FOR
DISTANCE:
Biomechanical
Principles:
A.
Leverage
B.
Opposition
C.
Rotary Motion
EXAMPLE:
PROPRIOCEPTION
USE IN SPORTS
1.
2.
The player feels that
the ball is about to
fall out of the net
and makes an
adjustment
The player feels
they are about to
step out of bounds
before catching
football.
Training
Practices for
Active Sports
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Agility drills
Plyometrics
Endurance cardio
Sprints
Resistance training
for speed
Stretching.
Biomechanics
Standard 1.3 Identify, explain, and apply the skillrelated components of balance, reaction time, agility,
coordination, explosive power, and speed that
enhance performance levels in self defense, tumbling
and team activities.
Balance
An even distribution of
weight enabling
someone or something
to remain upright and
steady.
Reaction Time
The time that elapses
between a stimulus and
the response to it.
Agility
The ability to
change directions
quickly.
Coordination
The organization of the
different elements of a
complex body or activity
so as to enable them to
work together
effectively.
Explosive
Power
Power by definition is
the rate at which we can
apply maximal force
against an external load
or surface.
Speed
Time an object or person
travels across a
distance.
Force
A push or a pull applied
to an object or person,
measured in pounds or
newtons.
Inertia
The tendency of a body
at rest to remain at rest
or of a body in straight
line motion to stay in
motion in a straight line
unless acted on by an
outside force.
Buyancy
1. The ability or
tendency to float in
water or other fluid.
2. The power of a
liquid to keep
something afloat
Leverage
1. a. The action of a
lever. b. The mechanical
advantage of a lever. 2.
Positional advantage;
power to act effectively
Rotary Motion
The act of rotating as if
on an axis; "the rotation
of the dancer kept time
with the music"
Opposition
The use of body parts
on opposite sides of
body to increase force
and power.
Proprioception
The ability to sense the
position and location
and orientation and
movement of the body
and its parts.
Sports Specific
Training:
Plyometrics
1.
2.
3.
A type of training
designed to produce
fast, powerful
movements, and
improving
performance in
sports.
Jump higher.
Run faster.
Sports Specific
Training:
Endurance
1.
2.
To be able to remain
vigorous for a long
time.
Train with low
weights and high
reps.
Sports Specific
Training:
Combination
Strength and
Endurance
1.
2.
Medium weight and
reps.
Combination of
plyos, strength,
endurance and
sprints.
Standard 1.4 Explain and demonstrate
advanced offensive, defensive, and transition
strategies in self defense, and team activities.
Defensive
Strategy:
Man to Man
1.
2.
When your team
does NOT have the
ball and wants to
keep the other team
from scoring.
Each player on the
team guards a
player from other
team.
Defensive
Strategy:
Zone
1.
2.
3.
Players guard an
area.
Any opposing
players that come in
their area, they play
defense against that
player.
Allows for easy
double/triple
teaming
Defensive
Strategy in Self
Defense
Look around
Yell loudly for help.
Find an opening for
escape.
Strike attacker in
vulnerable spots.
Run away.
Offensive
Strategy:
Quarterback
Plays
1.
2.
Plays called by the
quarterback.
Players run to open
space to receive
football pass.
Defensive
Strategy:
Interception
When a player on the
opposite team disrupts
the play of team with
the ball.
Offensive
Strategy:
Move to Open
Space
Team mate breaks open
away from defense to be
available to receive a
pass.
Offensive
Strategy:
Give and Go
1.
2.
3.
Pass to a team
mate.
Go to open space.
Receive pass and
continue with play.
Offensive
Strategy:
Inbound Play
1.
2.
Throw the ball in
play.
Teammate(s) move
to open space to
receive pass.
• HSCII EOC # 2
Sample
Questions
• Spring Motor Skills
Assessment
Regardless of the scenario, some basic principles of self defense should always be kept in
mind:
A. There is a start, middle and end of every attack: look for the openings.
B. Use leverage instead of strength.
C. Strike vulnerable areas of your attacker.
D. All of the above.
The basketball guarding position and the volleyball serve-receive
position are similar in many ways, but in what way are they different?
A. In basketball, your weight is low; but in volleyball you
stand up.
B. In basketball, one arm usually is up; but in volleyball,
both are low.
C. In basketball, you’re on your toes; but in volleyball,
you’re on your heels.
D. They’re the same, except that you try to hit a volleyball
and catch a basketball.
From the following list of skills, what are the similarities? Football
pass, softball throw from the outfield, tennis serve, badminton smash.
A.
B.
C.
D.
There are no similarities; they are discrete skills.
All are offensive skills.
All are skills that require height for success.
All use an overhand-throw pattern.
When playing softball, it’s best to hit a sacrifice fly when:
A.
B.
C.
D.
A runner is on 3rd base, with less than two outs.
No runners are on base, with less than two outs.
The bases are loaded, with two outs.
A runner is on 1st base, with one out.
The best time to use a zone defense in soccer is when:
A. The opponents are very slow and have weak soccer skills.
B. The opponents are too fast to keep up with and can control
the ball well.
C. You’re tired or the goalkeeper is hurt.
D. You have no substitutes to fill in for you.
Your volleyball team has the following people in the
back row: the tallest hitter, the setter & the defensive
specialist. Which one should take the second hit?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The defensive specialist.
The hitter.
The setter.
Whomever the ball is hit to.
On your soccer team, you have a very weak
goalkeeper and one very skilled forward. It’s near the
end of the game and you have a 1-goal lead. The
opponents have just made a pass deep into the corner
near your goal. What do you do?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Line up a “wall” near the goal line.
Kick it to your goalkeeper to kick back.
Leave it until your forward comes to get it.
Try to clear it well down the field.
In softball, you have a runner on 1st and 2nd
bases with 2 outs and the score tied.
Where should you try to hit the ball to have
the greatest opportunity to advance the
runner on 2nd base?
A. Grounder into right field.
B. Grounder to left field.
C Grounder to 3rd base.
D. Deep fly ball to center field.
Rosa is trying to kick a ball as far as possible, but with no
success. She should make sure that she has a full range
of motion by using:
A.
B.
C.
D.
A short backswing and a full follow-through.
A full backswing and a full follow-through.
No backswing and a full follow-through.
A full backswing and a short follow-through.
It’s important when throwing a ball to step forward
on the opposite foot, because that provides:
A. Stability and increased lever length.
B. Momentum, and it shortens the range of
motion.
C. Momentum and maximum preparation to
rotate.
D. Stability and decreased lever length.
A soccer ball stops rolling due to friction because:
A. An object in motion remains in motion until acted
upon by an outside force.
B. For every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction.
C. Force equals mass times acceleration.
D. Drag increases with the square of the velocity.
Once Satoshi has learned the basic skills in soccer, what kind of practice will
help him improve each skill and his overall game performance? Practicing
each skill:
A.
B.
C.
D.
On different days to focus only on that one skill.
In a full game of soccer.
Separately but in game-like activities.
Separately, but in isolation activities.
Bob wants to learn to play volleyball, and is willing to practice.
What is the best practice plan for learning to play the game?
A. Practice the skills in game-like conditions first and then break
the skills down to simple practice conditions.
B. Practice all skills for some time on each day.
C. Practice one skill on one day until you’re good at it and another
skill on another day.
D. Practice the skills in a game.
Which of the following is an open skill that
one should practice in game-like
conditions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Basketball free throw.
Batting in softball or baseball.
Soccer dribble.
Tennis serve.
Maya is fairly skilled at her sport and wants to try out for her
school team. How should she practice on most days to prepare
for try-outs?
A. Work on basic skills, then combine the skills, then
play games.
B. Work on playing in games as much as she can.
C. Work on each skill separately and then play games.
D. Work only on those skills she is weak in to use her
time more wisely.
A person’s size and strength should be
considered when choosing:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sport equipment.
Friends to play with.
The type of sports clothes to buy.
What to drink during activity.
Which of the following is true about high school students?
They have
than elementary students.
A. Longer limbs, more efficient lungs and similar muscle
mass.
B. Longer limbs, similar lung size and more muscle mass.
C. Longer limbs, larger lungs and more muscle mass.
D. Similar-length limbs, equally efficient lungs and more
muscle fibers.
As people mature and begin to balance job, family and
recreation pursuits, their choice of physical activity typically
includes more:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Individual and dual activities.
Highly competitive activities.
Large-group activities.
Longer games and sports.
Tommy’s grandmother played basketball while growing up and still
rides a bike and walks regularly. All of the following are benefits that
Tommy’s grandmother could realize from physical activity, except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
She sleeps better.
She strengthened her bones to help resist osteoporosis.
She has sore muscles.
She has stronger heart and lungs.
Mohammad is ahead of his peers in terms
of motor skill development, which may be
because of more:
A. Maturity and practice.
B. Instruction and speed.
C . Practice, instruction and body size.
D. Instruction, practice and maturity.
As you continue to mature, which of the following is most likely to
happen?
A. I will get faster and stronger as I grow older, and that
affects my skills.
B. My skills will stay the same if I continue to practice.
C. My skills in most activities will increase if I practice.
D. My skills will be better immediately.
1.1
In tumbling, a round-off represents the following
sequence:
A.
Foot/Foot/Land Both Hands
B.
Hand/Hand/Land Both Feet
C.
Hand/Foot/Hand/Foot
D.
Foot/Hand/Foot/Hand
1.3
In order for Henry to avoid opponents while dribbling
the basketball to the end of the court, he should
have:
A.
Agility
B.
Coordination
C.
Explosive power
D.
All of the above
1.4
When playing softball, it’s best to hit a sacrifice fly
when:
A. A runner is on 3rd base, with less than two
outs.
B. No runners are on base, with less than two outs.
C. The bases are loaded, with two outs.
D. A runner is on 1st base, with one out.
1.5
When Karen throws the football, she steps with her left
foot and throws with her right hand. Which principle
of biomechanics is she displaying?
A.
Force
B.
Inertia
C.
Rotary motion
D.
Opposition
1.6
Sarah is nervous her serve won’t work well in the
class volleyball championship game. How will
practicing her serve before the big game help her to
be successful?
A.
She will feel more confident
B.
Her body will have a greater memory of the
skill
C.
She will feel prepared
D.
All of the above
1.7
While Edgar is performing a headstand, he feels his
body leaning towards the left. He needs to focus on:
A.
Keeping his toes pointed
B.
His balance
C.
Keeping his legs over his body
D.
B and C
1.8
Ted wants to try out for the basketball team. What
type of conditioning should he engage in to help him
prepare?
A.
Plyometrics
B.
Combination of long distance running and sprints
.
C.
Stretching and core strengthening
D.
All of the above.
1.11
On your soccer team, you have a very weak
goalkeeper and one very skilled forward. It’s near
the end of the game and you have a 1-goal lead.
The opponents have just made a pass deep into the
corner near your goal. What do you do?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Line up a “wall” near the goal line.
Kick it to your goalkeeper to kick back.
Leave it until your forward comes to get it.
Try to clear it well down the field.
3.2
Marcia has been a jogger for over 20 years, but has
developed arthritis in her knees and needs to find
another activity she enjoys. Which activity is the
most appropriate replacement for running?
A.
Cycling
B.
Yoga
C.
Water aerobics
D.
Walking
3.4
As a pitcher in the softball game, you pitched a
series of balls which allowed runners on the
bases. Which characteristic is BEST described
by your willingness to continue to pitch until the
strikes start coming in again?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Individual attitude
Motivation
Determination
All of the above.
3.6
Melba loves basketball and has grown up in a
community in which basketball is supported and
promoted. Melba moves to a new town where
basketball is not currently being played at the
school. What should she do?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ask a supportive teacher to coach the team.
Convince friends to try out for the team.
Create an awareness of the fun and benefits
of playing basketball.
All of the above.
How would you adjust a lacrosse game for eight year
old kids?
3.7
A.
B.
C.
D.
Use smaller lacrosse sticks
Use a larger ball that is soft
Make the field smaller
All of the above
Your group has been assigned the task of teaching the
class an original game you have created. What are
characteristics of a good leader?
3.8
A.
B.
C.
D.
Lead stretches
Set up the equipment
Explain the game and organize the class into
teams
All of the above