• Definition: people who need to spend 10% or more of their income on fuel to keep their homes warm and meet other energy needs
• Three causes:
– poor energy efficiency and heating in the home
– low income
– high fuel prices, also higher costs for tariffs used by low income consumers
• Consequences:
– cold homes and reduced quality of life
– Ill health, mental stress and excess winter deaths
– debts to fuel companies and foregoing of other essential needs
– reduced educational attainment: no warm room to study
• Older people, lone parents, disabled people, unemployed particularly likely to live in fuel poverty

• 5.5m households in UK live in fuel poverty (FP) in 2010
– 2.1m in 2004
– rising fuel prices are main cause of increase
• FP likely to continue to rise in future:
– funding for energy efficiency grants for low income consumers in England
(Warm Front) cut by 2/3
– rising unemployment and poverty
– public expenditure cuts
– further increases in fuel bills
• Government FP data for 2008, including local FP data: www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/fuelpov_stats/fuelpov_stats.aspx
• Consumer Focus modelled FP data for 2010: www.consumerfocus.org.uk/publications/now-cast-for-fuel-poverty-in-2010

• Government
– 2000 Warm Homes Act: legal duty on Government to eliminate fuel poverty among vulnerable consumers by 2010 and for all households by 2016 (2018 in Wales)
– 2001 UK Fuel Poverty Strategy sets out programmes to meet legal duty
– missed 2010 target: 3.3m vulnerable households still in fuel poverty
– not likely to hit 2016 target with current programmes
• Current energy efficiency programmes:
– Warm Front (and equivalents in devolved admins) – finishes in 2012/13
– priority group element of fuel company Carbon Emission Reduction Target (CERT)
– decent home programmes in social housing (and equivalents in devolved admins) – about to finish
• Future energy efficiency programmes
– Green Deal and Energy Company Obligation (ECO) start 2013
– ECO will replace CERT: main energy efficiency programme for FP in England
– publicly funded programmes in Wales and possibly Scotland will continue

• Income
– Cold Weather Payments
– Winter Fuel Payments (many regard as poverty, not FP, programme)
– mainstream benefit, tax credits, pension, minimum wage policies
• Fuel prices
– Warm Home Discount: mandatory £130 discount on electricity bills
– older people mainly benefit, small amount for non-pensioners
• Ofgem
– vulnerable consumers licence conditions, e.g. debt and disconnection
– cost reflectivity licence condition has reduced prepayment and Standard
Credit tariffs; still large differential with on-line Direct Debit tariffs
– as fuel company FP responsibilities increase, Ofgem’s role will increase
• Local authorities also important, eg affordable warmth strategies

• Many low income consumers no longer eligible for Warm Front
• CERT only has limited impact on fuel poverty, eg unlike Warm
Front few heating systems provided
• No replacement programme for Decent Homes
• Many of the FP live in ‘hard to treat’ homes with high heating costs: off the gas network, solid wall, high rise flats
• Very few low income families and disabled people will benefit from Warm Home Discount
• Many climate change policies paid for by flat rate levies on consumer fuel bills – hits fuel poor hard
• Payment methods used by low income consumers - prepayment
& Standard Credit - carry higher charges than Direct Debit

• Fuel Poverty Charter: 10 calls to eliminate fuel poverty www.consumerfocus.org.uk/assets/1/files/2010/03/Fuel-Poverty-Charter.pdf
• Central call: national programme to improve energy efficiency standards of homes to those of homes built today
• Current priorities:
– Green Deal is accessible to all
– minimum energy efficiency standards for private rented sector
– common eligibility criteria for all FP programmes: low income older people, families and disabled people
– public funding for energy efficiency continues after 2013
– fairer charging for climate change levies
– up-rating of benefits and tax credits recognise that low income consumers harder hit by fuel price inflation
– a better deal for off-gas consumers

• Consumer Direct: www.consumerdirect.gov.uk
• Consumer Focus: www.consumerfocus.org.uk
• Citizens Advice: www.adviceguide.org.uk
• Energy Saving Trust: www.energysavingtrust.org.uk
• Home Heat Helpline: www.homeheathelpline.org.uk
• End Fuel Poverty Coalition: www.endfuelpoverty.org.uk
• National Energy Action: www.nea.org.uk