Federal Department of the Environment,
Transport, Energy and Communications DETEC
Federal Office for the Environment FOEN
Division for Air Pollution Control and NIR
Non-exhaust PM10
emission factors for
road transport
TFEIP/EIONET-Meeting, Transport Expert Panel
Stockholm, 2nd May 2011
Overview
• Development of PM10-Emissions by Transport in
Switzerland
• Examples of recent studies
• Results of Swiss APART-Study
• Comparison with Guidebook 2009
• Conclusion
Non-exhaust PM10 emission factors for road transport| TFEIP/EIONET Meeting Stockholm 2nd May 2011, Transport Expert Panel
Dr. Sophie Hoehn, Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Division for air pollution control and NIR
2
Development of transport related
PM10-emissions in Switzerland
5000
4500
4000
3500
t/a
3000
PM10 non-exhaust
PM10 exhaust
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Non-exhaust PM10 emission factors for road transport| TFEIP/EIONET Meeting Stockholm 2nd May 2011, Transport Expert Panel
Dr. Sophie Hoehn, Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Division for air pollution control and NIR
3
Exemples of recent studies
• Switzerland: Abrasion PArticles produced by Road
Traffic (APART) 2009
• Germany: Reifenabrieb in Feinstaub, 2009
• Sweden: Nanowear (2009), WEAREM (2009)
Non-exhaust PM10 emission factors for road transport| TFEIP/EIONET Meeting Stockholm 2nd May 2011, Transport Expert Panel
Dr. Sophie Hoehn, Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Division for air pollution control and NIR
4
Results of APART-Studie
Sources of non-exhaust PM10 in Switzerland:
• Brake wear important on inner urban streets
• Road surface wear rather negligible (no studded
tyres)
• Tyre wear negligible, > PM10
• Resuspension is very important
• Important differences between inner urban streets
and highways
Non-exhaust PM10 emission factors for road transport| TFEIP/EIONET Meeting Stockholm 2nd May 2011, Transport Expert Panel
Dr. Sophie Hoehn, Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Division for air pollution control and NIR
5
Results of APART-Studie
Non-exhaust PM10 emission factors for road transport| TFEIP/EIONET Meeting Stockholm 2nd May 2011, Transport Expert Panel
Dr. Sophie Hoehn, Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Division for air pollution control and NIR
6
Results of APART-Studie
Non-exhaust PM10 emission factors for road transport| TFEIP/EIONET Meeting Stockholm 2nd May 2011, Transport Expert Panel
Dr. Sophie Hoehn, Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Division for air pollution control and NIR
7
Comparision with Guidebook 2009
Guidebook 2009
APART
Inner urban main
road
APART
Highway
> PM10
> PM10
0.008 (± 0.004)
0.0016 (± 0.0011)
< 0.003
n.a.
> PM10 !
> PM10
0.081 (± 0.039)
0.009 (± 0.007)
0.007
n.a.
Passenger Cars
(g/km)
Tyre wear
Brake wear
Road surface wear
}
0.0138
0.0075
Heavy Duty Vehicles
(g/km)
Tyre wear
Brake wear
Road surface wear
}
0.0590
0.0380
APART: considerable uncertainties were introduced by splitting the fleet emission
factors into vehicle type specific emission factors.
Non-exhaust PM10 emission factors for road transport| TFEIP/EIONET Meeting Stockholm 2nd May 2011, Transport Expert Panel
Dr. Sophie Hoehn, Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Division for air pollution control and NIR
8
Conclusion
• Guidebook 2009 emissions factors are probably to
high concerning road wear in general and brake/tyre
wear for interurban roads
• An update of the guidebook emission factors for
non-exhaust PM10 should be considered
• The introduction of emission factors for resuspended
particles should be considered.
• Specific emission factors for inner urban and
interurban roads should be considered.
Non-exhaust PM10 emission factors for road transport| TFEIP/EIONET Meeting Stockholm 2nd May 2011, Transport Expert Panel
Dr. Sophie Hoehn, Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Division for air pollution control and NIR
9