合同和协议的翻译
合同的主要结构
合同的语言特点
合同的翻译
Team:来志鸿 叶丹 朱波
合同的主要结构
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约首 (Preamble)
正文 (Body)
约尾 (Witness Clause/Final Clauses)
约首
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订约日期 Date of signing
订约双方 Signing Parties
双方合法依据 Each Party’s Authority
订约地点 Place of Signing
订约缘由 Recitals of “Whereas”clause
正文
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定义条款 Definition Clause
基本条款 Basic Contract
一般条款 General Terms and Conditions
合同有效期限 Duration of Contract
合同的终止 Termination of Contract
不可抗力 Force Majeure
合同的让与 Assignment of Contract
仲裁 Arbitration
适用的法律 Governing Law
诉讼管辖 Jurisdiction
通知手续 Notice
合同的修改 Amendment of Contract
其他条款 Others
约尾
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合同的份数、使用的文字和效力
Copies of Contract, Languages Used and
Their Effectiveness
签名 Signature
签章 Seal
合同的语言特点
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使用正式的、法律用语
Party A to send technicians to assist B to install the equipment
甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方在安装设备
In processing transactions, the manufactures never have title either to
the materials or the finished products.
在加工贸易中，生产方对原材料和产成品都没有所有权
大量使用古英语和外来词
pacta sunt servanda 条约必须被遵守原则 ipso facto 依事实本身
语言的并列
词语并列结构
under or in accordance with (合同）项下或按照（合同）
signed and delivered
签署并寄出
by the government or by any government 由该政府或任何政府
成对同义词结构
Interpret ＆construct
solicit ＆accept
練
習 ＆ 補
充
hereto
英文释义: to this
用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”时，使用该词。
中文译词: 至此，在此上。
the Parties hereto Appendix 4 hereto
语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。
All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through
amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto.
对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，本合同双方应友好协商解决
英文释义: by means of , by reason of this
中文译词: 特此,因此,兹
用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语 在条款中需要强调时也可用
语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.
We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is
true and correct
特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，
練
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習 ＆ 補
充
here, there, where 等副词加上in, on, to, by, of, after等介词或介词组合构成的复合词
的使用尤为常见。
hereby
特此，兹
hereto
本文件
thereby
从而
thereto
XX中的
whereby
凭此协议
whereto
对于那个
合同翻译注意词语
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shipping advice 与 shipping instructions
shipping advice 是“装运通知”，是由出口商（卖主）发给进口商（买主）的。然而
shipping instructions 则是“装运须知”，是进口商（买主）发给出口商（卖主）的。
另外要注意区分 vendor卖主与 vendee买主，consignor发货人与consignee收货人。
change A to B 与 change A into B
英译“把 A 改为 B”用“change A to B”，英译“把 A 折合成/兑换成 B”用“change A
into B”，两者不可混淆。
in 与 after
当英译“多少天之后”的时间时，往往是指“多少天之后”的确切的一天，所以必须
用介词 in，而不能用 after，因为介词 after 指的是“多少天之后”的不确切的任何一
天。
ex 与 per
源自拉丁语的介词 ex 与 per 有各自不同的含义。英译由某轮船“运来”的货物时用
ex，由某轮船“运走”的货物用 Per，而由某轮船“承运”用 by。
abide by 与 comply with
abide by 与 comply with 都有“遵守”的意思．但是当主语是“人”时，英译“遵守”
须用 abide by。当主语是非人称时，则用 comply with 英译“遵守”。
練
習 ＆ 補
by and between
由
consideration of考虑到，鉴于
for and on behalf of
为了，代表
in full force and effect
供
make and enter into
权，让渡
达成
fulfill or perform
保证和确保
force and effect
益
生效
履行
terms and conditions
产，有形动产
save and except除了
furnish and provide提
release and discharge弃
right and interest权
权利
covenants and agreements
条款
customs fees and duties
毁
for and in
procure and ensure
效力
power and authority
契约
充
关税
goods and chattels个人动
losses and damages丢失及损
用语方面
力求严谨，明白无误
The following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of
this Contract.
下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分；
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多用主动语态，少用被动语态
Party A hereby appoints Party B as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (适宜)
甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商
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多用现在时，少用将来时，尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项
Licensee may terminate this Contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to Licensor upon
the happening of one of the following events:
当有下列事件之一发生，被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后，可以终止合同：
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直接表达方式用得多，间接表达方式用的较少
This Article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. （用得少）
本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。
This Article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. （用得多）
本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。
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尽量使用一个动词，避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意短语
Party A shall make an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing the Contract.
甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替 make an appointment of.
· Party A will give consideration to Party B's proposal of exclusive agency.
甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替give consideration to.
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合同案例
All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through
amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto. Should, through
negotiations, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be
submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade
Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this Commission
shall be applied. The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon
the Parties hereto. The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party
unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.
the performance of this Contract：履行本合同
through amicable negotiations：友好协商
the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Contract本合同双方
shall then be submitted for arbitration：提交进行仲裁
the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing：中国国际经济
贸易仲裁委员会
the arbitration rules of this Commission：其仲裁规则
the award of the arbitration：仲裁裁决
unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission：仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外
合同案例
对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议
本合同双方应友好协商解决，如协商无法解决争
议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员
会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁
决是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。仲裁费用应
由败诉方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。
Thank you very much !