Goods Move.
People Move. Ideas Move.
And Cultures Change.
Erla Zwingle
Structure of the text
 Part I Paras1—3 Globalization is a reality
but it is not sth completely new, what is new
is the speed and scope of the changes
 Part II Paras 4—7 different views on
globalization
 Part III Paras 8—24 cultural changes
 Part IV paras 25—28 changes in ideas
 Part V paras 29—34 Toffler’s view on
conflict, change and world order
 Part VI paras 35—40 conclusion

Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Part I(Para.1-3) Globalization is a reality but it is
not sth. completely new. What is new is the
speed and scope of changes.
Para.1
1.In the throes of: in the act of struggling with (a
problem, decision, task, etc.)
Wild: in a state of disorder, disarrangement,
confusion, etc.
Assortment: variety, miscellaneous group or
collection
To dislodge: to drive out, to force them a position
or place where lodged
Want: sth. needed or desired but lacking; need.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
2.How does the author begin this article?
Why does she quote Marx and Engels?
The author begins the article with the
statement “Today we are in the throes of a
worldwide reformation of cultures” which is
called globalization. Here the author points
out that globalization is a world movement
and a movement of reformation of the
cultures. She does not say merging of
cultures but reformation of cultures,
indicating the cultures in the world will
continue to exist but they will not be the
same.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
2. Why does she quote Marx and Engels?
The author then says that globalization is not an
exact word to describe the changes. The author
quotes Marx and Engels to prove her point.
According to polls, Marx and Engels are rated
among most important people in the past
thousand years. The author’s intention is two-fold:
on the one hand, she wants to show that
globalization is the result of industry and world
markets, on the other hand, she wants to stress
that it is a process and a historical process .
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
3.Today we are in the throes…
“globalization”.
今天我们正在应对一种世界范围内的文
化的相互影响和变化，一种习俗与追
求的结构变化，用社会科学家奇特的
词汇来称呼这种变化，就叫“全球
化”。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
4.In place of the old wants…
1)Instead of the traditional needs, we find
new needs, demanding goods from distant
and far-off places to meet these felt needs.
2)The object of “requiring” is “the products”;
“for their satisfaction” is an adverbial
phrase, showing purpose.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
5.Their statement now describes an ordinary
fact of life.
Marx and Engels made the prediction 150
years ago. But today it is not a prediction
but sth. that happens every day.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.2-3
6.How people feel about this depends a
great deal on where they live and how
much money they have.
1)
The attitude of the people toward
globalization is, to a great extent,
determined by whether they are in the
developed countries or not and whether
they are among the haves or the havenots.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
2)Comment on the author’s statement.
The author is, to a large extent, correct in making
this statement. According to polls in the U.S., the
attitude towards globalization has a lot to do with
the level of income and education. An analysis of
the economic situation in the world in recent
years shows that most of the benefits of
globalization have gone to the developed world.
Hence the dissatisfaction and resentment of many
in the Third World.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
7…globalization…is a reality, not a choice.
Globalization is not sth that you can accept
or reject, it is already a matter of life which
you will encounter and have to respond to
every day.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
8.Humans have been…ventured afield.
1)Caravan a company of travelers, esp. of
merchants or pilgrims traveling together for
safety, as through a desert.
to venture: to undertake the risk of, to
brave
2)People in the world have been making
commercial and cultural contacts long
before merchants on camelbacks took the
risk to travel to places far away from home.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
9.wrought: (past participle of work) to produce
results or exert an influence.
10.Telegraph… between individuals and the wider
world.
1)Telegraph…made the connection between
individuals and the outside world closer but at the
same time the connection was more complex,
less direct, not so easy to see or detect.
2)电报、电话、收音机和电视把个人和外部世界更紧
密地连在一起， 这种联系更为复杂。(不那么直接
也不易察觉。)
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
11.The author uses “intricate” and
“complicated” to describe the connection
because with the emergence of advanced
technology, the connection is not only
faster but also more difficult to see, to
explain. For example, connection with the
outside world through watching cable TV
or listening to radio is less tangible and
much less direct than camel caravans. But
the connection is established. Telegraph
and Internet connections are examples.
Connections might be established through
the Internet, yet you may not have met the
person.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
12.Dynamic: a force producing motion or
change.
13. Still, the basic dynamics…move.
“Still” here introduces a contrast. Para.2 tells
the readers that modern technology makes
the connections and changes faster and
more complicated. Para. 3 stresses that the
basic pattern is the same. The difference
lies in the speed and scope of changes.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Part II(Para.4-7)different views on globalization.
Para.4
14.How do some of Western social scientists
and anthropologists and foreign politicians
view this trend of globalization?
They believe that globalization will result in
the spread of American goods, American
values and culture and the consequence will
inevitably be Americanization of the world.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
The author is not so pessimistic.
She does not think that globalization means
Americanization and a variety of cultures
will continue to exist, but they will all be
changed. This can be seen in the opening
statement as well as in Para.34 and the
concluding Para.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
The fact mentioned by the critics of globalization
does exist. The United States, as the only
super power in the world, has taken advantage
of globalization to greatly expand its exports of
goods as well as ideas and values. If you go
on the Internet, the overwhelming amount of
information is in English. In international
business, the prevalent means of
communication is English. That’s why these
critics include the English language as part of
the “cultural assault”. Such fear is also shared
by some Chinese.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
But globalization is a double-edged sword,
which means it can cut either way.
Advantages and disadvantages coexist. The
determining factor is government policy.
Closed-door policy have proved to be
disastrous. So the only feasible approach is
to make full use of the advantages and to
minimize the negative effects.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
15.Western …influence…one big “McWorld”.
1)crease: a fold or wrinkle
2)McWorld: a world modeled on McDonald’s,
meaning a world filled with American goods
and culture.
3)Western …influences will overwhelm all
other non-western cultures, make them lose
their own unique characteristics and in the
end there exists only one westernized or
Americanized world or culture.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
16.Whatever their backgrounds …one big
“McWorld”.
不管他们的背景和纲领如何，这些对全球化
持反对态度的人深信西方的影响－往往等
同于美国的影响－会把所有文化上的差异
一一压平，就像一位观察家所说的，最终
产生一个麦当劳世界，一个充满美国货合
体现美国价值观的世界。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
17.
1)
2)
Popular factions sprout to exploit
nationalist anxieties.
Popular factions:反映公众情绪（或得到公
众支持）的派别。
Political groups with broad support have
come into being to take advantage of
existing worries and uneasiness among
the people about foreign “cultural assault”.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
18….where xenophobia and economic ambition have
often struggled for the upper hand…
1)Xenophobia means hatred or fear of foreigners or
foreign things. Economic ambition refers to the
desire to build China into a strong, industrialized
country, to improve the livelihood of the Chinese
people. This would mean opening to the outside
world, introducing foreign capital, technology and
goods.
2)In China, the two trends of closed-door and opendoor policies have long been struggling for
dominance.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
19…suggesting that Hollywood be burned.
1)Hollywood stands for American films. This
is rhetoric device called metonymy.
2)Why “be burned”, not “is burned” is used
here?
Subjunctive mood is used after the verb
“suggest”.
3)…建议把进口的好莱坞大片烧掉。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
20.Is the author’s summary of the book
accurate?
No. The writers of the book do express
some strong nationalist feelings, but they
are not irrational. Their arguments are not
groundless, though they contain serious
flaws. And they are not simply asking
people to reject anything foreign. To call
them xenophobia is neither correct or fair.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.6
21.Those people out there should continue to live
in a museum while we will have showers that
work.
1) “Museum” here stands for ancient life or
backwardness, the kind of life you can only find
in museums now.
2) “Showers that work” stands for modern life with
high-tech appliance.
3) The Chinese people should continue to live a
backward life while we live comfortably with all
modern conveniences.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.7
22.Westernization…I discovered…very
strange bedfellows.
After months of research and travel, I found
that Westernization is a concept full of
self-contradiction and held by people of
very different background or views.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
23.How does the author bring out the
inconsistencies on the concept of Westernization?
First, she contrasts the critics and the boosters.
Then she contrasts the inconsistencies within
each group. The critics blast Coke and Hollywood
but not organ transplant and computers,
indicating their critique is selective. The boosters
emphasize environmental protection but make no
mention of cigarettes and automobiles, indicating
that they deliberately overlook those things that
bring damage to health and the environment. The
conclusion is: Westernization is neither a direct,
uninterrupted road to hell nor to paradise. In other
words, it is neither terribly bad nor extremely good.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
24.Yet they make no mention …disastrous
effects.
然而他们不提西方文化中不那么健康的一面，
譬如香烟和汽车，就在发展中世界急切地接
纳这些东西时，它们已经带来很坏的后果。
25.Apparently…paradise either.
很显然，西方文化既不会直达地狱，也不是
直通天堂。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Part III(Para.8-24) Cultural changes
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.8
26.But I also discovered…compose them.不
过我也发现文化就如构成文化的民族一样，
善于随机应变，富有弹性而且不可预测。
1)resourceful:able to deal promptly and
effectively with problems, difficulties, etc.
Resilient: recovering strength, spirits, good
humor, quickly; buoyant
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.8
2)In what way are cultures resourceful, resilient,
and unpredictable?
How does the author prove this?
The first is Hollywood High School in Los Angeles,
the city which many people consider as a source
of devaluing world cultures. Even in the place
where Hollywood is located you still find a school
with thirty-two languages spoken. This is a sign
of diversity.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.8
The second is Sesame Street in Shanghai.
Sesame Street is popular television show
in the U.S., yet the Chinese borrowed the
form and filled it with Chinese values and
traditions. This again shows how
resourceful and resilient cultures can be.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.8
The third is McDonald’s in India. It shows on
the one hand McDonald’s is clever to cater
to Indian demand, on the other hand the
resourcefulness and resilience of
American and Indian cultures. When such
unexpected things happen, it is right for
the author to call cultures unpredictable.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
27.In Los Angeles…degradation…
在洛杉矶， 世界文化堕落的明显的源头…
28.McDonald’s serves…orthodox Hindu.
1)Why does McDonald’s serve mutton instead of
beef in India?
Because the religion of Hinduism regards the cow
as sacred, so beef can’t be eaten.
2)麦当劳供应的是羊肉而不是牛肉，而且提供一份素
食的菜单，连最正统的印度教徒也能接受。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para 9
29.The critical mass of teenagers
The large number of young people between
the age of 13 and 19 is decisive.
30.Why are teenagers so important?
Their number is huge and they have time and
money to spend. So entertainment and
goods are designed in such a way as to
cater to their taste.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para 9
31.Why does the author consider teenagers
one of the powerful engines of merging
global cultures?
Young people are the source of fashion and
fashion has no national boundaries. The
fashion in one culture can be easily picked
up by teenagers in other cultures. The
spread of rap music is a case in point.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
32….rap music, which sprang from the
inner-city ghettos, began making big
money only when rebellious white
teenagers started buying it.
1)Rap music: a style of black popular music
with a pronounced beat to which words
are recited rather than sung.说唱乐
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
32….rap music, which sprang from the inner-city
ghettos, began making big money only when
rebellious white teenagers started buying it.
2)This is a phenomenon of the 60’s in the U.S. A
number of white teenagers of well-to-do family
backgrounds became alienated from middleclass values and conventions. They attempted to
break away from such shackles in a counterculture movement. Rock music became a major
vehicle for the counter-culture attack on the
status quo.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para. 10
33.What sort of person is Amanda Freeman? Why
does she go to Los Angeles?
Amanda is 22 and she works for a consultant
company, Youth Intelligence, which is located in
New York. She has come to Los Angels to
conduct surveys in order to predict trends. Los
Angels is supposed to be a center of youth
fashion because of Hollywood.
34.She has shoulder-length brown hair and is
wearing a knee-length brocade skirt.
她留着披肩的棕发，穿着一条长及膝盖的织锦短裙。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
35.You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have
to have the eye.
1)cool: (slang) fashionable in the eyes of the
young
2)The eye: mental awareness: a special intuition.
3)In trying to find out what will be the future trend,
you do not need to be fashionable yourself. All
you need is awareness, that is to say, you need
to be on the alert, to be observant.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para. 11
36.We go to a smallish…that has just become
trendy.
1)diner:a small restaurant built to look like a dining
car, following an old-fashioned model.
2)seedy:shabby, rundown
3)pocket: an isolated area of a specified type
4)We go to a small restaurant built in the style of
the 1950s in a somewhat rundown area east of
Hollywood which has just become a fashionable
area.
5)我们去了一家小一点的，50年代式样的餐馆。这家餐馆位于好莱坞东
面一个比较破落的区域，这个区域刚刚时髦起来。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
37.thrift shop: esp. US, a shop selling
second-hand items usu. for charity
38.If it’s not going…it’s never going to catch
on.
1)To catch on: to become popular
2)If the trend is too expensive and cannot be
followed by people, it will not become
popular.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para. 13
39.It’s really hard…that already exist.
近来，创新极为困难。因此，最容易的办法
就是把现存的东西捏在一起，拿出一个新
玩意儿来。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para. 13
40.mix:to show a combing of things so that
the resulting substance is uniform in
composition, whether or not the separate
elements can be distinguished.
fuse: to unite by melting together into
something indissoluble
blend: to imply a mixing of different varieties
to produce a desired quality
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
41.punk: a type of loud violent music popular
in the late 1970s and 1980s
42.How does Amanda go about her work?
She goes well to small, cheap shops in
trendy areas to conduct surveys because
any fashion, if it is not affordable, cannot
become popular. She also has her eyes on
fusion because nowadays blending has
become the trend.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
In Paras.14-19, the author uses Tom Sloper
and mah-jongg as an example to prove
fusion is the trend,
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.14
43.Why does the author bring in Tom Sloper and
mah-jongg?
The author uses Tom Sloper and mah-jongg as
an example to illustrate fusion. It is a typical
example because it is a fusion of computers, a
Western high technology, and mah-jongg, a
traditional Chinese game-a fusion of East and
West, of technology and entertainment. In
short, a fusion of things previously unrelated.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
44.This being America, he has found a way to
marry these two passions and sell the result.
1)What is the grammatical function of “this being
America”?
It is an independent element, playing the role of an
adverbial clause of cause. It can be changed
into “Since this is America”.
2)This statement implies that America is a more
open, technologically advanced and creative
country which allows people to work on most
unimaginable kind of things. At the same time
America is a huge market which is able to
consume the products of imagination.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
3)Since America is an open and
technologically advanced country with a
large market for unusual things, Tom
Sloper found the necessary conditions to
design a software program combining
computer technology with the rules of
mah-jongg. And he was able to sell his
product.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
45.Why does the author mention small rooms in
Asia and country clubs in Beverly Hills?
The author here uses two rhetorical devices:
contrast and antonomasia. The small rooms is
Asia stand for lower-middle-class people in Asia
while the country clubs in Beverly Hills stand for
rich people in the United States. A country club
admits only members of the club. It is expensive
and exclusive. The author here contrasts a
number of things: Asia vs. the U.S., Lowermiddle-class people vs. rich, upper-class people,
men vs. society women.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
46.in small rooms that are full of smoke
What does “full of smoke” indicate?
It shows two things:1)most probably, the players
are men;2)they smoke while playing so the room
is stuffy and suffocating. Such a scene can be
seen in films produced in Hong Kong, Taiwan or
the mainland of China.
It may also imply that the players are not so well
educated.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
47.It is also played by…Upper West Side.
What do the place names stand for?
They stand for social and economic status.
These are upper class residential areas in
Los Angeles and New York respectively.
Why does the author mention “country club”
and “apartments”?
The author wants to show that mah-jongg is
played by rich ladies at social gathering as
well as at home.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
48.How does Tom Sloper play mah-jongg?
He plays it on the Internet in his office in Los
Angeles in the evening.
49.But Tom, 50…in the silence of nearly empty
office building.
3)Why does the author begin the sentence with a
“but”?
It is a contrast, with people playing in Asia or in the
U.S. in groups, sitting together.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.15
50.Actually, he only appeared to be alone.
Why does the author say he only “appeared”
to be alone?
Tom was alone in the office building but he
was playing a game with three other people
in three different places. In that sense, he
was not alone.
51.His glowing computer screen…partners..
他那亮着的计算机屏幕表明麻将已经搓起来了，
其他几个参加者都是老牌友。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para. 16
52….with that detached…machines.
1)detached: not involved by emotion,
interests, etc.
2)…in a friendly way but this friendliness
lacks emotion because his interest is in
the computer, in those people who are
connected with him through the Internet.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.19
53.Tom played on into the night. At least it
was night where I was.
1)As least it was night where I was.至少我
所在的地方是夜晚。
2)At least it was night where I was watching
him play. The time of play in German is
nine hours late, in Wales, eight hours later.
Minnesota is two hours later and Ohio
three hours later.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
54…was up in the cyber sphere far above
the level of time zones.
1)他在网络世界活动，这种活动超越时区。
2)He was playing a game through the
Internet, with people living in different time
zones, thus his activities on the computer
broke down time zone limit.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
55.How does Tom play mah-jongg on the
screen?
He uses a computer and tiles bounce around
the screen. His partners are people in
Germany and Wales as well as in Ohio
and Minnesota. He also carries on
conversations with the players by typing
short comments to them. He knows his
partners well although he has never met
them personally.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para20
56.If it seems…consider China.
1)fast-forward blur: moving so fast into the
future that outlines are blurred as if images
on a video tape being played on fast
forward.
2)如果说西方的生活太超前了，已经看不清轮
廓了，那么就看看中国。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
57.To unleash: to free from restraint.
58.Cosmopolitan magazine…every month.
1)Cosmopolitan:《时尚》杂志
2)To plunge: to extend far down in a
revealing way.
3)Plunging neckline:开领袒胸
4)26万中国妇女每个月都在阅读《时尚》杂
志，那些开领袒胸的画页及其他内容。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.21
59.Why does the author go to Shanghai to
investigate?
Because on the one hand Shanghai is the
largest city in China, on the other, it has
long been open to the West.
60.Buick sales outlet:别克轿车的销售网点
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para. 22
61.Once a city of elegant…multilane overpasses.
1)A contrast is made between old Shanghai and
Shanghai in the 1990s.
2)Which one is the author’s favorite?
The author liked old Shanghai more. This can be seen
in her choice of words. In describing old Shanghai,
she uses “elegant” villas and “imposing” office
building, words carrying a positive connotation. In
describing current Shanghai she uses infinitives such
as to “crowd and jostle” the skyline, “cramp”
the …streets, “choke” the parks and open spaces.
These phrases all carry a negative connotation.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
3)What is New Shanghai like under the author’s
pen?
a) Shanghai has ripped itself to ribbons. This is
the general description of Shanghai today.
While Shanghai’s building in the past were
elegant and imposing now Shanghai has torn
itself into shreds and the result could not have
been satisfactory or good.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
b) Everywhere there are soaring skyscrapers.
Skyscraper is a word used to show that the
building is very high, made of steel and glass,
without style or taste. As a result, when you
look out, you can only see these tall buildings
one after another and the vision is lost—”to
crowd and jostle the skyline”.
c) Shanghai’s roads are narrow. Now with tall
buildings on the two sides of narrow and
winding streets, you can imagine how
suffocating you will feel.
to cramp: to confine; restrain
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
d) The few parks and open spaces are
surrounded by tall buildings so the word
“choke” is used to bring out the feeling.
e) The traffic is also crowded so the word
“crawl” is used together with “multilane
overpasses” to show even on the most
modern roads, traffic is still very slow.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
f) So the conclusion is: Modernization does
not bring beauty and convenience to the
people in Shanghai. The high-rise spoil the
original beauty of Shanghai. It shows a
kind of nostalgic feeling on the part of the
author and her reservation about the way
Shanghai is being modernized.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
4)In a decade…presence.
十年中，几十座闪闪发亮的新的高层建筑拔
地而起，挤压空间，使人张目不能远眺，
使原本狭窄弯曲的街道更显压抑，而这些
高耸大楼的存在也使公园和空地感到窒息。
5)Traffic crawls…overpasses.即使是在多车
道的快速路上，车辆也在爬行。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
62.But on the streets…a surprising $100,000.
1)The connective “but” introduces another contrast
between the skyscrapers and the people of
Shanghai.
2)Many carry several shopping bags.
It implies that the purchasing power of people in
Shanghai is high.
Women dressed in bright colors, carrying several
shopping bags on the Nanjing Road, a shopping
center in downtown Shanghai, is a sign of
economic prosperity.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
3)boutique: a small shop, or a small
department in a store, where fashionable,
usually expensive, clothes and other
articles are sold.
Mall: a completely enclosed, air-conditioned
shopping center
Gucci store: 古奇专卖店
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
4)…took in a surprising $100, 000.
The word “surprising” shows the shop did
not expect that business could be so good
in the first two weeks after its opening. It
also shows that in spite of the fact Gucci is
a Western brand name, the name is not
unfamiliar to many Shanghai people.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.23
63.What is the main idea of Para.23?
This Para. tells of changes in the life of ordinary
people—changes in the amount of money spent on
food, on clothes and in money spent on new items,
such as travel.
A recent poll (in 2001) in Beijing shows that the
amount of money spent on food makes up only
39.18% of the total family expenditure, as compared
with 49.92% five years ago. Clothing makes up
10.01% as compared with 13.55% five years ago. A
rising percentage goes to education and health care,
a total of 13.64% as compared with 7.79% five
years ago.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para. 24
1)Why do you think the author raises cultural
dislocation here?
This has sth. to do with the title: goods move, ideas
move and cultures change. As a result of economic
development, more foreign goods and enterprises
have come into China or Shanghai to be more exact.
With the development of economy, the life of the
people has been improved and people’s attitude
towards life has also changed. This might cause
cultural dislocation.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
2) What is people’s attitude towards possible
cultural dislocation?
People do not consider the invasion of
foreign goods and change in life that goes
with it as a problem. They accept such
change and do not feel alarmed.
65. The Chinese…ambiguity.中国人是很善于应对
多种可能性的。
ambiguity: the quality of allowing of more than one
interpretation
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Part IV (Para.25-28) Changes in ideas
The author used the experience at Shanghai
Theatre Academy to illustrate the point
that the change is at the level of ideas.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para. 25
66.Potential: this is largely a Western concept
1)potential:the capacity for use or development
2)Why is it a Western concept?
Potential is a concept used in physics or electricity
which are subjects first studied in the West.
67….it’s clear that the truly great leap forward here
is at the level of ideas.
It is clear that the real progress, the progress that
matters most, lies in the change of ideas.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
68.Macbeth:《麦克白》莎翁四大悲剧之一。整个剧
情笼罩在阴森恐怖的气氛中。苏格兰将军麦克白
平定叛乱，立功凯旋归来。由于听信女巫的预言，
在自己野心的驱使和妻子的怂恿下，利用国王邓
肯到自己家中作客的机会，弑君自立。此后，麦
克白肆无忌惮地杀害异己，践踏无辜，终使所有
重要贵族与他离心离德。最后被邓肯的儿子马尔
康和贵族麦克德夫战败而死。麦克白夫人也因感
到众人的仇恨和受到良心的折磨，最后发疯自尽。
全剧主题写人性中善与恶的斗争和不良野心的危
害， 体现了野心残暴必败，光明正义必胜的信念。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para. 26-27
69.Shanghai Theatre Academy:上海戏剧学院
70.lighting: the art, practice, or manner of
using and arranging lights on a stage.
71.The lighting was heavy on shadows, with
frequent flashes.
灯光集中在阴影上，常常夹有闪电。
72.The light went out…auto-rewind.
灯光熄灭，有一阵子，黑暗中唯一点声音就是一部
价格昂贵的照相机自动倒卷时发出的声音。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.28
73.It strained imaginations…serving
machines.
难以想象就是在这个国家，二十年前人们最
想要的三样贵重物品就是手表、自行车和
缝纫机。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Part V (Para.29-34)
Toffler’s view on conflict, change and world
order.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para. 29
74. Early on I realized…through the wilds of
global culture.
1)compass:指南针
2)wilds:a wilderness or wasteland
3)From the very beginning I knew I need
some theory or guideline to help me in my
study of global culture or globalization.( to
guide me through such a great variety of
cultural phenomena.)
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para. 30-34
75.What did Toffler mean when he said
“order grows out of chaos”?
He meant that significant change came as a
result of conflict. By conflict he meant
wave conflicts, that is, conflicts between
modes of production.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para. 30-34
76.How does Toffler define “wave”?
Toffler defines waves as major changes in
civilization. The first wave came with the
development of agriculture (the use of iron
tools in historical materialism); the second
with industry; the third is based on
information.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
77.How does Toffler define the current
conflict?
He holds that the current conflicts are not
conflicts between East and West, nor
between North and South but between
dominantly industrial countries and
dominantly agricultural countries plus
internal conflicts within countries that are
partly one and partly the other.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
78.What is Toffler’s analysis of the
current international order?
He holds that the present order is a
trisection order. According to him, the
agrarian nation are at the bottom,
knowledge-based economics on the
top, with industrialized countries in
between.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
79.What do you think of Toffler’s analysis of conflict
and world order?
Toffler holds that conflict takes place between
agrarian countries and industrialized countries.
But the industrialized countries are the
developed countries so it is very similar to the
idea of North-South conflict between the
developing countries and the industrialized
countries. To take out the potential element in the
conflict is not in accord with real situation and
therefore is incorrect.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
And it is over-simplification to say that world
civilizations today can be ascribed to three
types: agrarian, industrial and knowledgebased. But it may be valid to say that the
problems in various civilizations are rooted
in the modes of production.
The trisection-of-power concept fails to take
into consideration the distribution of
political, economic, military power of the
world. So it is not true reflection of the
world situation.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
80.Is it possible that in the future small groups might be
able to use TV to foster their separate distinctive
culture and language?
Perhaps. Once 500 channels were available costs would
be greatly reduced. In the U.S. government licensing
insistence on some TV access being reserved for
broadcasts in the public interest would help a small
group, say the Navaho Indians with about 40, 000
speakers of their tribal language, to transmit programs
in that language. But there are also political and
cultural constraints. Some linguists predict that many
of the languages used today would become extinct in
the not too faraway future.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
81. “Yes,” Toffler says. “…not of the past.”
1)What is Toffler’s view on the changes of culture as
a result of the third wave?
Toffler holds that in the future, there will not be just
one culture but the cultures that remain will not
be the same. They have been reformed.
2)What is meant by Toffler when he says that you will
be the Chinese of the future, not of the past?
When he says Chinese, he is not talking about the
people but the Chinese culture. Of course the
Chinese culture in the information age cannot be
the same as the culture in Confucian times.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Part VI Paras 35—40
 Conclusion: Linking is humanity’s natural
impulse, the common destiny.

Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para35 82.It is cheaper for business…at home.
Is this statement true? Comment on this statement.
It is true. This is called brain drain. Many third world
countries are experiencing such a brain drain.
When we say that in the Silicon Valley of the United
States many scientists and engineers are of Chinese
or Indian origin, we are talking about brain drain.
Every year, about one-third of the university
graduates from some of China’s top universities
apply for visas to the U.S. This is another proof of
China’s universities undertaking the responsibility of
laying the groundwork for talented people who will
work in U.S. high-tech industries.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para35 83.For the Japanese…way of thinking.
What can we deduce from this statement? What is
old way of thinking?
The Japanese are very traditional in their thinking.
That is why you find life-long service in one
Japanese firm and the employees are proud of
such an arrangement. Loyalty to the firm is
constantly stressed. The idea is that one’s fate is
in one’s own hands is alien to Japanese
corporate culture, but appropriate to American
culture with its emphasis on individualism.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para.36
84.It’s a reality, not a choice.
1)What is the function of the statement?
It serves as a recapitulation of the idea
stated in Para. 2 and a re-emphasis of the
point that globalization is already a matter
of life. It also serves as a bridge leading to
the discussion of the driving force of
globalization.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
Para36
85.What is the main idea of this paragraph?
The main idea is there will not be a uniform
world culture in the future; the cultures
coexist and transform each other.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
86. The late philosopher Isaiah Berlin…sth.
else…
1)To aspire (to): to be ambitious to get or do
sth, esp, sth lofty or grand; yearn
Utopian:乌托邦式的
2)What does utopian ideal refer to?
It is not clear but it may refer to a uniform
world culture.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
86. 3)The late philosopher Isaiah Berlin
thought that a society should not pursue
certain unrealistic ideal but should aim at
achieving sth more practical, more downto-earth.
4)What was this sth Berlin had in mind?
Perhaps he was pointing out that we should
not pursue uniformity but we should
cultivate tolerance toward diversity.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
87.sterile: not stimulating
Infant: in a very early stage
Congregation: an assembly of people for religious
worship or teaching
Identity: the condition or fact of being a specific
person or thing; individuality
To intone: to utter or recite in a singing tone or in
prolonged monotones
Penitence: sorrow over having sinned or done
wrong.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
88.Why does the author mention her experience at
a Jewish gathering in Shanghai?
She wants to use the incident to prove different
cultures can co-exist and learn from each other
while maintaining their own identity.
A Jewish gathering on the eve of Yom Kippur, a
Jewish
Holy Day, in Shanghai, a Chinese city is evidence
of cultural co-existence.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
88.Why does the author mention her experience at
a Jewish gathering in Shanghai?
That the author, neither Chinese nor Jewish, felt at
home at the Jewish gathering is another example.
The author’s conclusion is: there are things in one
culture which are shared by other cultures. In other
words, there are things in common in all cultures.
This is the basis for mutual understanding and coexistence.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
89.They received …own identity.
他们从当地文化吸收了不少东西，但仍然保
持了自己的本色。
90.The penitence …universal.
The way of showing repentance might be
peculiar to the Jews, but the strong desire
of gaining forgiveness from God is
common, shared by all.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
91.Linking is humanity’s …destiny.
相互联系是人类自然的欲望，是其共同的命
运。
92.They are the powerful cords of the heart.
这种连接靠的是强有力的心灵的纽带。
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
93.How does the author conclude the article?
What do you think of her conclusion?
In the concluding remark, the author makes clear
her view of globalization. She points out the
reason why globalization is inevitable—linking is
humanity's natural impulse. Here two words are
worthy of our attention. The author is not talking
about merging or fusion but linking and she says
linking is a natural human desire. In other words,
it is not sth. imposed on humanity.
Goods Move. People Move.
Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.
93.How does the author conclude the article? What
do you think of her conclusion?
From this careful choice of words we get to know that there
will not be a McWorld but a coexistence of transformed
cultures, and these cultures are brought together not just
by technology or business but more importantly, by
common aspiration and shared values. The concluding
paragraph is short, consisting of 4 sentences (42 words).
But they bring out important ideas which, in turn, are
linked with the Shanghai experience. Therefore, the
development of ideas and the conclusion emerge
naturally and logically.
Fusion
blending
mixture
merging
marrying
The End.