RDA Records for Works and
Expressions
3a. Conferencia Regional sobre Catalogación
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
28-30 de Marzo 2011
Robert L. Maxwell
Chair, Special Collections and Formats Catalog Department
Harold B. Lee Library
Brigham Young University
Provo, Utah, U.S.A.
FRBR Primary Entities
• Work
• Expression
• Manifestation
• Item
RDA vs. AACR2
• AACR2 uniform title definition: “The particular
title by which a work is to be identified for
cataloguing purposes.”
• Not, however, in fact an identifier for a work.
• AACR2 uniform title combines aspects of
work, expression, and sometimes even
manifestation.
RDA vs. AACR2
AACR2 uniform title:
Homer. Odyssey
– Represents the work Odyssey as well as all Greek
expressions of the Odyssey, of which there are
many.
RDA vs. AACR2
RDA authorized access point for the work:
Homer. Odyssey
– Represents the work Odyssey only, not the Greek
expressions
RDA authorized access point for a Greek
expression:
Homer. Odyssey. Greek (Monro and Allen)
– Represents the Greek expression of the Odyssey
edited by David Monro and Thomas Allen
RDA vs. AACR2
AACR2 uniform title:
Homer. Odyssey. Spanish
– Represents the all Spanish expressions
(translations) of the Odyssey. There are many.
RDA vs. AACR2
RDA authorized access point for one of many
Spanish expressions:
Homer. Odyssey. Spanish (Alberich)
– Represents the Spanish translation of the Odyssey
by Joan Alberich. There are dozens of other
Spanish translations.
RDA vs. AACR2
• Why is it important to be this precise?
– Because RDA is working toward an entityrelationship structure, and in this structure each
work and each expression will have a separate
description. If the database uses access points,
each description will need to have a distinct
access point.
– Even in the absence of an ER database, this
precision will be helpful to our users.
Relaciones FRBR(Grupos 1-2)
Obra: Piedra de sol
Persona: Octavio Paz
creado
por
realizado
mediante
Expresión: 1. expresión
inglés
tiene
traducción
Expresión: 1. expresión
español
traducido por
Persona: Muriel
Rukeyser
RDA Toolkit
• Online tool: http://www.rdatoolkit.org/
• Username for this week: potosi
• Password for this week: rda
PCC Policies
• http://www.loc.gov/catdir/pcc/PCC-Post-RDATest.html
– Original authority records may be RDA. Do not
change an RDA authority record to AACR2
– Do not change AACR2 authority record to RDA
• RDA elements may be added to AACR2 records
• RDA form of the heading may be added in 7XX field
– NACO records must still be English-language
records
Coding Records for RDA
• Authority records
– 008/10 (Rules) = “z”.
– 040 contains $b eng and $e rda.
Core Elements in RDA
In addition to the list in 0.6, Core elements are identified
throughout RDA, as in this example.
13
Organization of RDA (Attributes)
• Section 1 (Ch. 1-4) = Manifestation & Item
• Section 2 (Ch. 5-7) = Work & Expression
• Section 3 (Ch. 8-11) = Person, Family, &
Corporate Body
• Section 4 (Ch. 12-16) = Concept, Object, Event,
& Place
Structure of the Attributes
Chapters
• Structure of “attributes” chapters in RDA
– Purpose and scope
– General guidelines, including allowed sources
– Guidelines for specific attributes
– Guidelines for constructing access points (called
“headings” in AACR2)
Identifying Works and Expressions:
Definition
5.1.2. The term work refers to a distinct intellectual or artistic
creation (i.e., the intellectual or artistic content).
The term expression refers to the intellectual or artistic
realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical or
choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement,
etc., or any combination of such forms.
The terms work and expression should be read, where
applicable, to include not only an individual entity, but also
aggregates and components of such entities (i.e., the term
work should be read to include aggregate works and
components of works as well as individual works, etc).
Identifying Works and Expressions
Sources of Information
• Where can we get information about
corporate bodies?
– 6.1.1: Take the title or titles of the work from any
source. Take information on other identifying
attributes of works and expressions from any
source.
Attributes of Works: Title
• Preferred title is a core element
• Preferred title
– Chosen according to 6.2.2.4: “For works created
after 1500, choose as the preferred title the title
in the original language by which the work has
become known through use in resources
embodying the work or in reference sources.”
Attributes of Works: Title
We find two possible titles for this work. Which
would we choose as the preferred title?
Attributes of Works: Title
• The title is manipulated somewhat in RDA
• The title is taken as found, but there are
special guidelines for capitalization, numbers,
accents, etc.
• Capitalize according to Appendix A.
• Record diacritical marks as found; optionally,
add missing marks such as accents
• Omit initial articls
Attributes of Works: Title
Forms found for preferred title:
Piedra de Sol
PIEDRA DE SOL
Manipulation of capitalization according to
Appendix A:
Piedra de sol
Attributes of Works: Title
• Changes from AACR2:
– “Selections” not used alone as the preferred title - instead, “Works. Selections”
– For simultaneous publications with different titles:
choice based on first resource received
Attributes of Works: Title
• Parts of works
– Title element: 6.2.2.9
– Access point: 6.27.2
• Compilations of works
– Title element: 6.2.2.10
– Access point: No specific instruction for
authorized access point, but see 6.27.4.4 (variant
access point)
Attributes of Works: Author?
• Note that the author is not an attribute of the
Work entity.
• Authors can be persons, families, or corporate
bodies, and they are separate entities, related
to the work entity--an author has a
relationship with a work
• However, the access point will contain the
name of the author, if there is one
Attributes of Works: Author?
6.27.1.2. If one person, family, or corporate
body is responsible for creating the work,
construct the authorized access point
representing the work by combining (in this
order):
the authorized access point representing that
person, family, or corporate body
the preferred title for the work
Attributes of Works: Author?
6.27.1.3. If two or more persons, families, or
corporate bodies are collaboratively
responsible for creating the work, construct
the authorized access point representing the
work by combining (in this order):
the authorized access point representing the
person, family, or corporate body with principal
responsibility for the work
the preferred title for the work
Attributes of Works: Author?
6.27.1.4. If the work is a compilation of works by
different persons, families, or corporate
bodies, construct the authorized access point
representing the work using the preferred title
for the compilation
[i.e., title alone without a person / family /
corporate body name]
Work Authority Record
Piedra de sol
• We’ve discovered the form of the preferred
title
Piedra de sol
• In an earlier module we formulated the RDA
authorized access point for the author
Paz, Octavio (Paz Lozano), 1914-1998
• Exercise: begin creating an RDA authority
record for this work.
Work Authority Record
Piedra de sol
• Authorized access point:
100 1 Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 19141998. $t Piedra de sol
Attributes of Works: Form
• RDA 6.3. Form of work is core if needed to
differentiate the name of a work from the
name of another entity (another work, or the
name of a person, family, or corporate body)
• It can be recorded as an element whether or
not needed to distinguish
• Record in MARC 380 field
• There is no controlled vocabulary
Work Authority Record
Piedra de sol
The form of this work is “poem”.
380
poem
Exercise: Add this to the authority record.
Attributes of Works: Date
• RDA 6.4. Date is defined as the earliest date
associated with a work. Lacking other evidence, the
date of the first publication may be used
• Date is core only if needed to differentiate between a
work and other entities with the same name.
• The element may be recorded whether needed to
distinguish or not.
• Date is recorded in MARC 046
– Beginning date or single date = $k
– Ending date = $l
Work Authority Record
Piedra de sol
This work was first published in 1957. The
cataloger has no other information about the
date of the work.
046
$k 1957
Exercise: add this field to the RDA authority
record.
Attributes of Works: Place of Origin
• RDA 6.5. Place of origin of the work is the country or
other territorial jurisdiction from which a work
originated.
• Information may be taken from any source.
• Place of origin is core if needed to differentiate.
• Whether core or not, the element may be recorded.
• Place of origin is recorded in MARC 370 field $g
Recording the Place Attribute
• The form of the place name is governed by
RDA Chapter 16.
• Authorized access points for jurisdictional
place names are generally formed as in
AACR2, e.g. “Paris (France)” However:
• 16.2.2.4. “If the place name is being used to
record ... the place of origin of a work ...
precede the name of the larger place by a
comma.” -- e.g. “Paris, France”
Recording the Place Attribute
• 6.5.1.3 instructs us to follow chapter 16,
including abbreviations; chapter 16 refers us
to Appendix B.
• B.11 is similar to the place names
abbreviations list in AACR2
• So when recording this attribute for a person,
use, e.g., “U.S.”, not “United States.”
Recording the Place Attribute
370
370
370
370
370
$g London, England
$g Mexico City, Mexico
$g Austin, Tex.
$g D.C.
$g U.S.
[place of origin of work]
[place of origin of work]
[place of origin of work]
[place of origin of work]
[place of origin of work]
Work Authority Record
Piedra de sol
The cataloger only knows that the place of origin of
Piedra de sol is Mexico.
This place is established as Mexico
370
$g Mexico
Exercise: Record place of origin in the authority record
Attributes of Works: Other
Distinguishing Characteristics
• 6.6. A characteristic that serves to
differentiate the name of a work from another
entity with the same name
• Called a qualifier in AACR2
• Core if needed to differentiate
• May be recorded in MARC 381, whether
needed to distinguish or not
Attributes of Works:
Other RDA Elements
• 6.7. History of the Work. Recorded in MARC
678
• 6.8. Identifier. Core element; LCCN, recorded
in 010
• Musical works: RDA 6.14-6.18
• Legal works: RDA 6.19-6.22
• Religious works: RDA 6.26
Bible Access Points
• O.T. and N.T. are no longer abbreviated. “Old Testament” and
“New Testament” will be used.
• Individual books are no longer grouped under a testament.
130 0 $a Bible. $p New Testament. $l Albanian. $s Tosk. $f 1910
not
130 0 $a Bible. $p N.T. $l Albanian. $s Tosk. $f 1910
130 0 $a Bible. $p Leviticus. $l English. $s Driver-White. $f 1898
not
130 0 $a Bible. $p O.T. $p Leviticus. $l English. $s Driver-White. $f 1898
Bible access points
AACR2
Bible. O.T. Genesis ...
Bible. O.T. Pentateuch ...
Bible. N.T. Mark ...
Bible. N.T. Pastoral Epistles ...
Bible. N.T. ...
RDA
Bible. Genesis ...
Bible. Pentateuch ...
Bible. Mark ...
Bible. Pastoral Epistles ...
Bible. New Testament ...
[used only for the entire New
Testament, not individual
books]
43
Attributes of Expressions:
Title?
• Title is not considered an attribute of an
expression in RDA, so there is no expression
title element guideline.
• The authorized access point for an expression
is created by adding things to the authorized
access point for a work.
Attributes of Expressions:
Language
• One of the most important attributes of an
expression is its language
• RDA 6.11. “Record the language or languages of the
expression using an appropriate term or terms in the
language preferred by the agency creating the data.”
• Currently no discrete MARC field to record language
of expression; 377 is only authorized for persons and
corporate bodies.
• Can only be recorded as part of an access point in $l.
Attributes of Expressions:
Language
• 6.11. Language of expression is a core element
when needed to differentiate an expression of
a work from another expression of the same
work.
• This means that as soon as there is more than
one expression of a work, this element must
be recorded in the record and access point
Expression Authority Record
Piedra de sol
Bilingual edition, English & Spanish. How many
expressions?
Expression Authority Record
Piedra de sol
Two access points and two expression authority
records are needed because there are two
expressions
Expression Authority Record
Piedra de sol
Base the expression authorized access point on
the Work access point. Because language is
core when there are more than one
expression, it must be added to each
Expression Authority Record
Piedra de sol
Access point recorded in authority record no. 1
100 1 Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 19141998. $t Piedra de sol. $l Spanish
Access point recorded in authority record no. 2
100 1 Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 19141998. $t Piedra de sol. $l English [...]
Both access points will be recorded in the
bibliographic record.
Attributes of Expressions: Other
Distinguishing Characteristic
6.12. “Other distinguishing characteristic of the
expression is a characteristic other than
content type, language of expression, or date
of expression that serves to differentiate an
expression from another expression of the
same work”
Attributes of Expressions:
Other Distinguishing Characteristic
• 6.11. Other distinguishing characteristic of the
expression is a core element when needed to
differentiate an expression of a work from
another expression of the same work.
• This means that as soon as there is more than
one expression of a work in the same
language, this element must be recorded in
the record and access point
Attributes of Expressions:
Other Distinguishing Characteristic
• Use whatever distinguishes the expressions
best.
– the surname of an editor or translator
– the name of a version
– the name of the publisher
– etc. ...
• If it makes more sense, the date of the
expression can be used to distinguish instead
(RDA 6.10)
Attributes of Expressions:
Other Distinguishing Characteristic
• RDA 6.12.1.3. “Record other distinguishing
characteristics of the expression.”
• Currently no discrete MARC field to record
other distinguishing characteristics.
• Can only be recorded as part of an access
point. Record at the end of the access point, in
parentheses, in $s.
Expression Authority Record
Piedra de sol
There is only one Spanish expression, so there is
no need to further distinguish its access point.
There are at least three English translations of
the poem. The most logical way to distinguish
is by the name of the translator.
Access point recorded in authority record no. 2
100 1 Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 19141998. $t Piedra de sol. $l English $s (Rukeyser)
Attributes of Expressions:
Date of Expression
6.10. If it makes sense, the date of the
expression can be used to distinguish between
expressions rather than (or in addition to) an
other distinguishing characteristic
Blade runner (Motion picture : 1992)
Attributes of Expressions:
Date of Expression
• 6.10.1.1. In the absence of other evidence, the
date of the earliest manifestation embodying
the expression may be treated as the date of
expression.
• Date of expression can be recorded as a
separate element in 046, whether or not it is
needed to distinguish
– Beginning or single date created: 046 $k
– Ending date created: 046 $l
Expression Authority Record
Piedra de sol
• The Rukeyser translation of Piedra de sol was
first published in 1957.
• The Spanish expression was also first
published in 1957.
• Each expression authority record may contain:
046 $k 1957
Exercise: Record the date of expression element
in the authority records
Attributes of Expressions:
Content Type
• 6.9. Content type is a categorization reflecting
the fundamental form of communication in
which the content is expressed and the
human sense through which it is intended to
be perceived.
• Terms are from a controlled vocabulary listed
in 6.9.1.3, Table 6.1
• Content type is recorded in MARC 336
Workshop Brainstorm:
Spanish terms?
Workshop Brainstorm:
Spanish terms?
Workshop Brainstorm:
Spanish terms?
Workshop Brainstorm:
Spanish terms?
Expression Authority Record
Piedra de sol
• The content type of the two expressions of
Piedra de sol is text.
336 text
Exercise: Record the content type in the
authority records for the expressions
Source Consulted
• RDA 8.12.1.3. Cite sources used to determine
a preferred or variant name, followed by a
brief statement of the information
found. Identify the specific location within the
source where the information was found.
• RDA reflects NACO practice. Sources consulted
are recorded in MARC 670 fields.
RDA authority record core and
non-core: work record
040
046
100 1
370
380
670
UPB $b eng $c UPB $e rda
$k 1957
Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 1914-1998. $t Piedra de sol
$g Mexico
poem
Piedra de sol, 1957
RDA authority record core and
non-core: expression record
040
046
100 1
336
670
670
UPB $b eng $c UPB $e rda
$k 1957
Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 1914-1998. $t Piedra de sol. $l Spanish
text
Piedra de sol, 1957
Sunstone = Piedra de sol, 1957
RDA authority record core and
non-core: expression record
040
046
100 1
336
400 1
670
670
UPB $b eng $c UPB $e rda
$k 1957
Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 1914-1998. $t Piedra de sol. $l English $s (Rukeyser)
text
Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d 1914-1998. $t Sun stone
Piedra de sol, 1957
Sun stone = Piedra de sol, 1957
Adding RDA Elements to NACO
Records
• All these elements may be added to any NACO
authority record.
• If the record is coded AACR2, it must remain
AACR2 and the heading and variants are
formed according to AACR2.
• Add RDA elements as desired
• Optionally, add RDA form in 7XX
Exercises
• Together, update the NACO authority record
for the English & Spanish translation of Piedra
de sol, RDA forms in two 700 fields
• Create new record for the work (because of
PCC policy, record must be AACR2, but with
RDA elements
• Update or add NACO authority records for
works/expressions workshop participants have
brought
RDA Records for Works and
Expressions
Gracias!
Robert L. Maxwell
robert_maxwell@byu.edu