RDA is Here: Are You Ready? Dr. Barbara B. Tillett Policy and Standards Division, Library of Congress Library of Congress RDA Seminar, University of Florence May 30-June 1, 2011 Module 1: Background and Structure of RDA RDA Seminar, University of Florence 2 What’s wrong with AACR? • Increasingly complex • Lack of logical structure • Mixing content and carrier data • Hierarchical relationships missing • Anglo-American centric viewpoint • Written before FRBR • Not enough support for collocation • Before Internet and well-formed metadata RDA Seminar, University of Florence Based on slide from Ann Chapman, UKOLN 3 1997 International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR • Principles • Toronto, Canada • JSC invited worldwide experts • Issues leading to RDA RDA Seminar, University of Florence • Content vs. carrier • Logical structure of AACR • Seriality • Internationalization 4 AACR3 RDA Seminar, University of Florence 5 JSC Collaborations with other Metadata Communities • IFLA - Principles, Conceptual models, ISBD/ISSN • ONIX (Publishers) – types of content, media, carriers • Dublin Core, IEEE/LOM, Semantic Web, W3C “Data Modeling Meeting” - London 2007 • RDA/MARC Working Group (MARBI) RDA Seminar, University of Florence 6 Other Collaborations • Law Library community – Treaties • Hebraica and Religion Teams at LC – Bible proposals • Mss/Archives experts at LC (Mss. Div., NUCMC, American Folklife Center, Rare Books) – DACS • Music Div and Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Div., Music Library Association – AMIM2 and Ch.6 proposals for music • Prints & Photographs Division – CCO • Geography and Map Division at LC RDA Seminar, University of Florence 7 RDA Seminar, University of Florence 8 GOALS: RDA will be … • A new standard for resource description and access • Designed for the digital world • Optimized for use as an online product • Description and access of all resources • All types of content and media • Resulting records usable in the digital environment (Internet, Web OPACs, etc.) RDA Seminar, University of Florence 9 RDA – The Goals • Rules should be easy to use and interpret • Be applicable to an online, networked environment • Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of media • Encourage use beyond the library community • Be compatible with other similar standards • Have a logical structure based on internationally agreed principles • Separate content and carrier data • Examples – more of them, more appropriate RDA Seminar, University of Florence slide Ann Chapman, UKOLN 10 RDA based on IFLA’s international models and principles • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR; 1998) • Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD; 2009) • Statement of International Cataloguing Principles (ICP; 2009) RDA Seminar, University of Florence 11 General Principles (ICP) • • • • • • • Convenience of user Representation Common usage Accuracy Sufficiency and necessity Significance Economy RDA Seminar, University of Florence • Consistency and • • Standardization Integration Defensible, not arbitrary • If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution. 12 FRBR • IFLA’s Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) • User tasks – Find – Identify – Select – Obtain • Entities, Relationships, Attributes • Mandatory elements for a national level bibliographic record RDA Seminar, University of Florence 13 Addresses user tasks FRBR: • Find • Identify • Select • Obtain FRAD: • Find • Identify • Contextualize • Justify • ICP’s highest principle = “convenience of the user” RDA Seminar, University of Florence 14 FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model • Entities • Relationships • Attributes (data elements) relationship One Entity Another Entity • National level required elements RDA Seminar, University of Florence 15 Work Person FRBR’s EntityRelationship Model created was created by Shakespeare RDA Seminar, University of Florence Hamlet 16 Terminology • FRBR and FRAD “attributes” are “elements” in RDA • FRBR and FRAD Group 1 entities: – Work – Expression – Manifestation – Item RDA Seminar, University of Florence 17 FRBR Entities Group 1:Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources – Work – Expression – Manifestation – Item RDA Seminar, University of Florence 18 Group 1 Work is realized through Expression is embodied in Manifestation recursive one many RDA Seminar, University of Florence is exemplified by Item 19 Family of Works Equivalent Descriptive Derivative Free Translation Edition Microform Reproduction Simultaneous “Publication” Abridged Edition Copy Revision Exact Reproduction Translation Facsimile Reprint Original Work - Same Expression Variations or Versions Illustrated Edition Summary Abstract Dramatization Digest Novelization Screenplay Libretto Casebook Criticism Evaluation Change of Genre Parody Annotated Imitation Edition Expurgated Edition Arrangement Review Same Style or Thematic Content Commentary Slight Modification Adaptation Same Work – Cataloging Rules New Work New Expression Cut-Off Point Relationships Work Expression Manifestation Item Whole-Part Derivative Sequential • Inherent among the Group 1 entities • Content relationships among works/expressions • Structural relationships Accompanying 21 Elements to Describe Resources • Work – – – – ID Title Date etc. • Expression – – – – – ID Form Date Language etc. RDA Seminar, University of Florence • Manifestation – ID – Title – Statement of responsibility – Edition – Imprint (place, publisher, date) – Form/extent of carrier – Terms of availability – Mode of access – etc. • Item – – – – ID Provenance Location etc. 22 FRBR and FRAD Entities Group 2: Those responsible for Group 1 entities intellectual or artistic creation realization of works production/publishing/ distribution/manufacture custodial responsibility, Or are the subject of works – Person – Corporate body – Family RDA Seminar, University of Florence 23 Group 2 Work FRBR Expression Manifestation Item is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by Person Family Corporate Body many RDA Seminar, University of Florence 24 FRBR Entities Group 3: Subjects of works –Groups 1 & 2 plus –Concept –Object –Event –Place RDA Seminar, University of Florence 25 Work Work has as subject Expression Group 3 Manifestation Item has as subject Person FRBR Family Corporate Body Concept Object has as subject Event Place many 26 British Museum 1841 (“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4o Another copy. The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4o Another copy. Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, 1592. 4o RDA Seminar, University of Florence 27 RDA Seminar, University of Florence 28 British Museum 1841 (“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4o Another copy. The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4o Another copy. Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, 1592. 4o Person Work Expression Manifestation Item RDA Seminar, University of Florence 29 Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. LCCN Permalink Type of Material Personal Name Main Title Published/Created Description : : : : : : : 47023612 http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. [Paris] Gallimard [1946] 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms RDA Seminar, University of Florence 30 Person Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. LCCN Permalink Type of Material Personal Name Main Title Published/Created Description : : : : : : : 47023612 Work http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. [Paris] Gallimard [1946] 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms RDA Seminar, University of Florence 31 Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. LCCN Permalink Type of Material Personal Name Main Title Published/Created Description : : : : : : : 47023612 Expression http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. [Paris] Gallimard [1946] 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms RDA Seminar, University of Florence 32 Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. LCCN Permalink Type of Material Personal Name Main Title Published/Created Description : : : : : : : 47023612 Manifestation http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. [Paris] Gallimard [1946] 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms RDA Seminar, University of Florence 33 Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. LCCN Permalink Type of Material Personal Name Main Title Published/Created Description : : : : : : : 47023612 http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Item 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms RDA Seminar, University of Florence 34 Collocation Cervantes All the works associated with a person, etc. All the expressions of the same work All the manifestations of the same expression All items/copies of the same manifestation RDA Seminar, University of Florence Don Quixote English Text Objectives of a catalog: display Exemplary novels French German Spanish Madrid, 1979 Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding 35 Relationships Pathways to Related Works Cervantes Wasserman Movies … English Text The Man of La Mancha Don Quixote Exemplary novels French German Spanish Madrid, 1979 Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding 36 Internet • Catalogs are no longer in isolation – Global access to data • Integrate bibliographic data with wider Internet environment – Share data beyond institutions RDA Seminar, University of Florence 37 Databases, Repositories VIAF LCSH Services Web front end Internet “Cloud” 38 Current Cataloging Environment • Web-based • Wide range of information carriers – complexity of content • Metadata (bibliographic information) – Created by a wider range of personnel in and outside libraries – Element-based metadata schemas • Dublin Core, ONIX, etc. RDA Seminar, University of Florence 39 Bib record (flat-file) Z 666.7 .L55 2009 Lee, T. B. Cataloguing has a future 1 sound disc Spoken word. Donated by the author. 1. Metadata RDA Seminar, University of Florence 40 Based on Gordon Dunsire’s slide Database/format Scenarios Bib record (flat-file) 100 01 $a Lee, T. B. 245 00 $a Cataloguing has a future 300 $a 1 sound disc 500 $a Spoken word. 561 1 $a Donated by the author. 650 0 $a Metadata RDA Seminar, University of Florence 41 Based on Gordon Dunsire’s slide Database/format Scenarios Based on Gordon Dunsire’s slide Database/format Scenarios FRBR registry (IFLA) Future record FRBR Bibrecord record (description) (flat-file) Bib Work information record RDA element registry Author: Lee, T. B. Title: Cataloguing has a future Work title: has a future Content type:Cataloguing Spoken word Expression information Carrier type: Audio disc Name authority record Name: Identifier: … Subject authority record Subject: Metadata Manifestation information Provenance: Donated by the author Label: Identifier: … RDA content type registry Item information ONIX Label: Spoken word RDA carrier type registry Identifier: … 42 Linked Data Work information Author: Subject: Work Title: Cataloguing has a future Name authority record Name: Lee, T. B. Identifier: … Expression information Content type: Manifestation information Title: Cataloguing has a future Carrier type: Subject authority record Label: Metadata Identifier: … RDA content type registry Item information Provenance: Donated by the author RDA carrier type registry Audio disc Label: Spoken word Identifier: … 43 Package for Data Sharing Communication format record Work information Author: Subject: Work Title: Cataloguing Cataloguing has has aa future future Expression information Content type: Name: Lee, T. B. Identifier: … Subject authority record Manifestation information Title: Cataloguing has a future Carrier type: Label: Metadata Identifier: … RDA content type registry Item information Provenance: Donated by the author Audio disc Name authority record RDA carrier type registry Label: Spoken word Identifier: … 44 Package for displays Future display ( ) Author: Lee, T. B. Content type: Spoken word Title: Cataloguing has a future Carrier type: (Audio disc) RDA Seminar, University of Florence 45 Quiz on FRBR RDA Seminar, University of Florence 46 AACR2 to RDA vocabulary • heading • author, composer, etc. • main entry • uniform title RDA Seminar, University of Florence authorized access point creator preferred title + authorized access point for creator if appropriate (1) preferred title (+ other information to differentiate); (2) conventional collective title 47 AACR2 to RDA vocabulary • see reference variant access point • see also reference authorized access point for related entity • physical description carrier description RDA Seminar, University of Florence 48 AACR2 to RDA vocabulary • GMD media type + carrier type + content type • chief source preferred sources RDA Seminar, University of Florence 49 RDA is a content standard • Not a display standard (as is AACR2) – Does have appendix D for ISBD and appendix E for AACR2 style for access points • Not an encoding standard – Use whatever schema you prefer (MARC 21, Dublin Core, etc.) RDA Seminar, University of Florence 50 Mappings, etc., for transition • RDA Appendix D mappings: – ISBD to RDA – MARC 21 bibliographic format to RDA • RDA Appendix E: – Presentation and punctuation of access points – MARC 21 authority format mapping to RDA • Other mappings in the RDA Toolkit RDA Seminar, University of Florence 51 More international • Focus on local user needs • Choice of agency preparing the description: – – – – – Language of additions to access points Language of supplied data Script and transliteration Calendar Numeric system RDA Seminar, University of Florence 52 For wider scope of resources • Response to what’s being acquired in libraries – More elements for non-printed text resources – More elements for non-text resources – More elements for unpublished resources RDA Seminar, University of Florence 53 Includes authority data instructions • Based on attributes and relationships in FRAD • Authorized/variant access points and elements will for now continue to be documented in authority records RDA Seminar, University of Florence 54 Has controlled vocabularies • Only a few closed: content, media, and carrier types; mode of issuance; etc. • Most are open: cataloger can supply term if needed term not in list • Vocabularies being registered on the Web (http://metadataregistry.org/rdabrowse.htm) -- goal of multiple languages and/or scripts RDA Seminar, University of Florence 55 RDA Structure • General introduction • Identifying elements (entities and their attributes) – Ch. 1-7: work, expression, manifestation, item – Ch. 8-16: person, family, corporate body, place • • • • Relationships: ch. 17-22, 24-32 Appendices Glossary Index RDA Seminar, University of Florence 56 RDA structure • Not by class of materials: no separate chapters for books, printed music, etc. – Overarching principles applicable to all • Basic goals: identify and relate (from FRBR/FRAD user tasks and ICP) • Chapters: separate elements for goals – Assemble those elements when need authorized access points (instructions at end of chapters 6, 9-11) RDA Seminar, University of Florence 57 RDA Toolkit not to be read linearly • Using the online RDA Toolkit: – “Jumping in” via keyword searches – Going directly to elements from Table of Contents (ToC) pane – Following links – Seeing some duplication of content (needed for context) • Printed text version of RDA is available • Printed version of the RDA element set (a subset of the RDA content) in summer 2011 RDA Seminar, University of Florence 58 Core elements in RDA • Based on attributes mandatory for a national level record in FRBR and FRAD • Core elements listed as a group in RDA 0.6 and separately in appropriate chapters – Agency, consortium, etc., can add others RDA Seminar, University of Florence 59 “Core-ness” identified at element level in RDA • If always a core element (if applicable and available), label CORE ELEMENT appears below element name • If use as a core element depends upon the situation, the label CORE ELEMENT is followed by an explanation of the situation RDA Seminar, University of Florence 60 Other choices in RDA • Alternatives and options • “or” instructions • “agency preparing …” instructions RDA Seminar, University of Florence 61 Review • • • • • Current environment What’s wrong with AACR2? Foundations for RDA: ICP, FRBR, FRAD Terminology RDA structure RDA Seminar, University of Florence 62