OSI | WEB SERVICES
World Digital Library www.wdl.org
“Workshop on Technical Skills
and Standards for the
World Digital Library”
Doha, Qatar
February 22-23, 2012
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Agenda (Day One)
• Introduction: Overview of the World Digital Library
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and WDL in the Arab Peninsula Region (Jason)
Participants Introduction and Discussion (All)
WDL Standards: Purpose and Practice (Sandy /
Chris)
Overview of the WDL Production Process (Jason)
Workflow for Content and Metadata Preparation
(Sandy / Chris / Ted)
World Digital
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World Digital
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Agenda (Day Two)
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Image Files: Digitization and Preparation (Sandy / Chris)
Expert Descriptions: Nominal Process for Review and Evaluating
Quality (Jason / Ted)
Discussion on “Expert Descriptions based on Arab Heritage
Resources” (Mr. Mohammed Hammam Fikri)
Image Files: Transfer (Sandy / Chris)
Discussion: Increasing the Usage of WDL in the Arab World (All)
Summary: (Jason)
• Review of the WDL Production Process
• New Developments and Opportunities for Technical Staff at
Partner Institutions
• Improving Communication and Collaboration
• Feedback Questionnaire, Certificates and Photographs
Distribution
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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WDL Trainers:
Sandy Bostian, WDL Content Manager
Chris Masciangelo, WDL Digital Conversion
Specialist
Ted Waddelow, U.S. Fulbright Scholar at
University of Bahrain
Jason Yasner, WDL Operations Manager
World Digital
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World Digital
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Introduction:
Overview of the World Digital
Library and WDL in the Arab
Peninsula Region
Jason Yasner
WDL Operations Manager
World Digital Library
www.wdl.org
World Digital Library:
Mission and Objectives
Mission:
Digitize and make freely available over the Internet, in multilingual
format, primary source materials that tell the stories and highlight the
achievements of all countries
Objectives:
• Promote international and intercultural understanding and awareness
• Expand multilingual and culturally diverse content on the Internet
• Provide resources to educators and contribute to scholarly research
• Build knowledge and capacity in the developing world; help narrow the
digital divide
World Digital Library
www.wdl.org
Key Features of the WDL Website
•
Multilingualism
• Interface in seven (7) languages
• Content in more than seventy-five (75) languages
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High quality content of cultural and historical importance
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Consistent, high-quality metadata to allow searching and browsing
across cultures and time periods
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Item-level descriptions, curator videos to enhance user understanding
of the content
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Speed and performance
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Web 2.0 features
World Digital Library
www.wdl.org
Partners and User Statistics
(As of February 1, 2012)
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138 partners from 72 countries
•
www.wdl.org launched on April 21, 2009
•
Usage since launch:
• More than 19 million visitors
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Top countries by number of visitors:
Spain, United States, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, China,
France, Russian Federation, Colombia, Portugal, Germany, UK
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Links from other sites to WDL: 3.5 million
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Visitors from the Arab World: 454,390
World Digital Library
www.wdl.org
The WDL Governance Structure
•
WDL launched as a Library of Congress-UNESCO partnership
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WDL Charter provides for:
Annual partner meeting
Executive Council
Standing Committees for:
Technical Architecture
Content Selection
Translation and Language
Regional and Subject Sub-committees
Arabic Scientific Manuscripts
Chinese Language Content
Meso-American Codices
Arab Peninsula Regional Group
•
Library of Congress serves as Project Manager (2010-2015)
World Digital
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WDL in the Arab Peninsula Region (and
neighboring parts of Africa)
• Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage (ADACH)
• Al- Ahgaf Library for Manuscripts, Yemen
• Central Library, Qatar Foundation, Qatar
• King Abdulaziz University Library, Saudi Arabia
• King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Main Library, Saudi Arabia
• King Hamad Library, Bahrain
• National Library of Jordan
• National Library of Sudan
• Omani Digital Library (Kawab Al-Marifa), Sultanate of Oman
• Sultan Qaboos University Libraries, Sultanate of Oman
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Partner Introduction and Discussion
• Name, Position, Institution
• What are you digitizing, e.g., books, manuscripts,
maps, photos, etc.?
• What content do you plan to contribute to WDL?
• Do you have a preservation policy in place?
• How are you storing your digital items?
• What equipment are you using?
• Do you have dedicated funding for digital
production?
• Do you have a dedicated physical space
(scanning facility)?
World Digital
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World Digital
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WDL Standards: Purpose and Practice
project.wdl.org
Sandy Bostian
WDL Content Manager
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
WDL Standards: Why?
• Your images are what people see.
 Deep Zoom shows flaws.
 “Put your best foot forward.”
• Your metadata runs the display.
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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WDL Standards: What is a digital object?
• Digital Content
Partner
• Metadata
• Relationships
• Behavior
WDL
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
WDL Standards: One vs. Many
• Books, Manuscripts
 Single Volume – 1 object
 Multi-Volume – 1 object
• Newspapers
 Each Issue – 1 object
• Journal
 Each Issue – 1 object
• Photographs
 Single Photograph – 1 object
 Photo Album – ???
• Maps
 Single Map – 1 object
 Atlas – ???
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World Digital
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World Digital
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WDL Standards: Digital Object
• 1 Record = 1 Object
• Make Sure the Numbers Match Before
Sending
• Put the Digital Identifier in the Record
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
WDL Standards: Real Life Example
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• 806 Records
• 316 Files + 55 Directories = 371 Objects
• No Digital Identifiers in Records
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
WDL Standards: Filenaming
• ASCII characters, preferably numbers
• Case matters (my_file vs. My_file vs. my_File)
• Three-letter file extensions (.tif NOT .tiff)
• Do not use these characters:
 < or >
 :
 "
 / or \
 |
 ?
 *
 Space “ “
 ( or )
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Overview of WDL Production Process
• Content Selection
• Content Transfer
• Content Processing
• Cataloging (consistent metadata, descriptions)
• Translation
• Publishing
Jason Yasner
WDL Operations Manager
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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WDL 2 Workflow
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Content Workflow: Transfer
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Transfer to “landing zone” server
Malware & virus scans
“Bag & tag”
Inventory
Transfer to tape backup
Transfer to “work zone” server
Content Workflow: Triage
• Reconcile records & media
• Cursory vetting for obvious problems
• Missing media files
• Missing data files/records
• Corruption issues
• Cataloging/Translation derivatives
• Starter kit prep - item level tracking
• Load to catalog or pre-translation
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Content Workflow: Object Building
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Quality review
Media adjustments as needed (cropping, etc.)
Color management/sRGB conversion
Create master reference image
Object building
• WDL directory structure
• Add image header information
• Handle registration
• Reference image derivatives
• PDFs
Content Workflow: Validation
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Run script that checks for missing parts & server permissions issues
Final media validation (JHOVE based tool)
Link items to dev team server area
Update inventory system
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Description Process
WDL Description team:
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Professors, scholars, researchers, and other field experts
Editors
Description Coordinator
Partner Reviewers
Function:
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To produce a summary that explains each item and highlights its significance
To illuminate the material in a way that is accurate, succinct, and engaging, working
with information provided by partners, subject specialists, and other authoritative
resources
Process:
Pre-description: determine and execute the appropriate course of action for the writing
and editing processes, i.e.:
– how to improve existing descriptions provided by partners
– pinpoint the appropriate expert to write descriptions, if they are not provided
Writing: supplement pre-existing descriptions or produce original ones
Editing: substantive edit and copy-edit
Partner Review: evaluation of WDL-edited descriptions by partner institution
Finalizing: final approval before description is sent to Metadata team
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Metadata Process
Original metadata creation
• Edit English title, read and check the description
• Find or verify names in VIAF
• Verify publication date and language used in the material
• Verify place names in TGN
• Assign appropriate topics and additional subjects
• Clean “Notes” and “Physical Description” fields
• Add collection title if needed
Metadata review
• Review each field to make sure there are no errors
• Verify the names, DDC, and subjects, etc.
Batch metadata creation
• Analyze metadata to develop strategy and workflow
• Create metadata mapping and decide output format
• Create or/and verify generic information, names, places, DDC, and
subjects, etc.
• Develop and create macros and scripts
• Process metadata in batch using various tools
• Final review of the metadata in Metadata Management App
World Digital
Library
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Library www.wdl.org
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Translation and Language Management
Linguistic team
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Three translation vendors who share our six languages (FR, ES, PT, AR,
RU, ZH)
One reviewer per language
Translation process
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Pre-translation when content is submitted to us in a language other than
English
Translation into six languages, using translation management systems such
as CAT tools
In-context review and quality control on our staging website
Related work
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Terminology and style management (glossaries and style guides)
Query management (direct access to content writers and subject matter
experts)
Feedback loop management between subject matter experts, translators
and reviewers
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Development Process
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Ongoing supportive role of entire production process
Ongoing maintenance and scaling of website
Building tools for content and metadata management
Troubleshooting
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Workflow for Content and Metadata
Preparation
Your metadata runs the display!
Sandy Bostian
WDL Content Manager
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Metadata Preparation: Identifiers (IDs)
• WDL Identifier
• Record Identifier
• Digital Identifier
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Metadata Preparation: Title Information
• Original Title
• Original Title Language
 Title vs. Work
• English Title (if available)
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Metadata Preparation: Contributors
• Contributor
 Name
 Birth/Death Dates (if known)
• Role
 Author
 Scribe/Copyist
 Calligrapher
 Photographer
 Editor/Compiler
 Architect
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Metadata Preparation: Publication Info
• Date Created
 Start
 End
 Created vs. Copied
 CE and/or Hijri
• Publisher
• Place of Publication
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Metadata Preparation: Subjects
• Place
 Hierarchical
 Controlled Vocabularies
• Time
 Publication vs. Subject Time
 CE and/or Hijri
• Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)
• Additional Subjects (keywords)
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Metadata Preparation: Type of Item
• Controlled Vocabulary
 Books
 Journals
 Manuscripts
 Maps
 Motion Pictures
 Newspapers
 Prints, Photographs
 Sound Recordings
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Metadata Preparation: Descriptions
• Description/Abstract
• Physical Description
• Notes
• Language
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Metadata Preparation: Additional Info
• Collection
• Series
• Institution
• URL
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Image Files: Digitization and Preparation
Chris Masciangelo
WDL Digital Conversion Specialist
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Agenda
 Technology
 Hardware
 Software
 Pre-capture Set Up
 Information Capture / Scanning
 File Formats
 Storage
 Quality Review / Post Processing
 Problems
 Audio and Video
 Other Considerations
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Technology
 Hardware
- Flatbed scanner
- Overhead/Planetary scanner
- V-shaped book scanner
- Large Format scanning system
- Monitor
- Computer
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Hardware
 Flatbed Scanners
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Hardware
 Overhead/Planetary Scanners
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Hardware
 V-shaped Book Scanners
- Manual [Atiz BookDrive Pro]
- Automatic [Kirtas KABIS III]
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Hardware
 Large Format Scanning System
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SERVICES
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Hardware
 Large Format Scanning System
- Camera
- Digital Back
- Lighting
- Platform/Easel
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Hardware
 Monitor
- CRT
- LCD
Calibration – colorimeter / spectrophotometer
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Software
 Computer/Operating System
- Windows
- Mac
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Software
 Scanning software/driver
 Image Editing software
- Adobe Photoshop Creative Suite
- Adobe Bridge
- Adobe Photoshop Elements
- Capture One
 Image Validation software [JHOVE]
 Image Metadata Editing [ExifTool]
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Pre-capture Set Up
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Examine materials to be scanned for issues/problems
Identify balance between adequate informational
capture and quality, physical item size, file format and
compression, resolution and bit depth, and master file
size
Ensure equipment is properly focused, has capture
profile set (including no auto-sharpening), and that
the monitor is calibrated
Ensure proper and equal distribution of lighting
Good practice to shoot with a commercial color bar or
grayscale
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Pre-capture Set Up
 Risks during imaging
- Physical damage
- Exposure to light
- Exposure to heat
- Disassociation
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Information Capture / Scanning
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Targets, color bars, and grayscales
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World Digital
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Information Capture / Scanning
• Bit Depth [informational and artifactual value]
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World Digital
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Information Capture / Scanning
• Color Modes
- RGB [red, green, blue]
- CMYK [cyan, magenta, yellow, key (black)]
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World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Information Capture / Scanning
• Color Space and Profile
- sRGB
sRGB is the only appropriate choice for images uploaded to the web since most
web browsers don't support any color management.
- sRGB IEC61966-2.1
- Adobe RGB (1998)
Adobe RGB images that are uploaded to websites without conversion to sRGB
will generally appear dark and muted.
- Grayscale
- Gray Gamma 2.2
World Digital
Library
World Digital
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Information Capture / Scanning
• Resolution [PPI/DPI]
- 2400+ ppi (slides)
- 300-600 ppi (archival)
- 72/96 ppi (on screen/download)
Rule of thumb:
Longest side of the image should be 3000 pixels
4 inch x 5 inch photo @ 600 ppi = 2400 x 3000 pixels
File size = (width pixels x height pixels x bit depth)/8
(2400 x 3000 x 24)/8 = 21,600,000 bytes or 20.6 MB
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
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File Formats
• Master [archival]
- RAW
- TIF
- JPEG2000
• Access [derivatives]
- JPG
- PNG
- PDF
• Compression
- LZW
- JPEG2000
- ZIP
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
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Storage
• Media
- CD
- DVD
- Hard Drive
- Tape
- Cloud
• Backups
• Issues
- Capacity
- Transfer errors
- Bit rot
- Sustainability, obsolescence, data migration
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World Digital
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World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Quality Review / Post-Processing
• Identify digital issues
• Image validation
• Color correction
• Sharpening
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Problems
• Noise
• Artifacting
• Vignetting
• Chromatic aberration
• Over-sharpening
• Depth of field
• Color reproduction
• Lens distortion
• Clipping - Overexposure / Underexposure
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World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Problems
• Noise
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SERVICES
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Problems
• Artifacting
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SERVICES
World Digital
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World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Problems
• Vignetting
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SERVICES
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Problems
• Chromatic aberration
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World Digital
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World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Problems
• Over-sharpening
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World Digital
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World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Problems
• Depth of Field
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SERVICES
World Digital
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World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Problems
• Color Reproduction
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SERVICES
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Problems
• Lens Distortion
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SERVICES
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Problems
• Clipping - Overexposure / Underexposure
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SERVICES
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Audio and Video
• The format should be publicly and openly
documented.
• The format is not proprietary.
• The format is in widespread use.
• The format can be opened, read, and accessed
using readily-available tools.
• WAV or AIFF files [uncompressed]
• MP4 or MOV
World Digital
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World Digital
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Other Considerations
• Copyright
• Funding
• Staffing
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World Digital
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World Digital
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Expert Descriptions: Nominal Process for
Review and Evaluating Quality
Question: What is an Expert Description on the WDL?
Answer: It is a summary that explains each item and
highlights its significance. It illuminates the material in a
way that is accurate, succinct, and engaging. It is
developed by working with information provided by
partners, subject specialists, and other authoritative
resources.
Jason Yasner
WDL Operations Manager
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Expert Descriptions: Nominal Process
1. Do we have adequate information from the partner,
both metadata and what the partner has provided as
descriptions, to produce the descriptions we need for
the WDL?
Does the description answer the following questions:
“What is this object and why does it matter?”
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World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Expert Descriptions: Nominal Process
2. If the initial description (and metadata) are
inadequate to create a usable WDL description, is
there additional information on the Partner
Institution’s Web site directly linked to this item that
could be used to do so?
This may not be initially known because there may be
different people involved in creating the metadata than
were involved in creating these sites.
World Digital
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World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Expert Descriptions: Nominal Process
3. If the answers to 1 and 2 both turn out to be “no,”
i.e., the Partner Institution does not have a
description that can be used, is there an existing,
authoritative source (online or in hard copy) that
contains a usable description for the item or items in
question, or the raw material to create such a
description?
Description writers need to remember that they are dealing with
digitized versions of real objects, many rare and unique. Description
writers are trying to highlight the significance of these objects and
provide context. They shouldn’t write just about the objects (as in the
bibliographic literature) or just about the context (as in general
sources such as Wikipedia), but must do a bit of both, relating one to
the other.
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Expert Descriptions: Nominal Process
4. If the answers to 1, 2, and 3 are all “no,” we have
no alternative but to produce a new description from
scratch. This can either be done by going back to the
Partner Institution and asking them to produce a new
description, or, if for some reason the partner cannot
produce a description (it may not have available staff
or language expertise, for example) to engage WDL
staff and expert contractors to do the description and
then run by the partner for comment/approval.
Examples of research strategies used by WDL.
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World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Discussion on “Expert Descriptions based
on Arab Heritage Resources”
Mr. Mohammed Hammam Fikri
Senior Heritage Specialist
Cultural Advisor Office, Qatar Foundation
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Image Files: Transfer
Live Demo
Sandy Bostian
WDL Content Manager
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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SERVICES
Discussion: Increasing the Usage of
WDL in the Arab World
• How do we promote WDL to users in the
Arab World?
• What can your institution do to support this?
• How do we recruit more institutions to join
WDL?
• Other ideas?
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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SUMMARY
Jason Yasner
WDL Operations Manager
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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Overview of WDL Production Process
• Content Selection
• Content Transfer
• Content Processing
• Cataloging (consistent metadata, descriptions)
• Translation
• Publishing
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
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New Developments
• January 2011: 1,350 items online
• Comprising 98,278 images
• November 14, 2011 (Partner Meeting): 4,049 items
• Comprising approx. 212,000 images
• 200% increase since January 1, 2011
• End of 2011: 4,550 items
• 237% increase since January 1, 2011
• Early 2012: Expected approx. 6,000 items
• Satisfy medium-term goal in WDL Business Plan
• 344% increase since January 1, 2011
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Opportunities for Technical Staff
• New Metadata Management Application
• Code-named “Cupcake”
• Improved metadata creation and maintenance
• Currently, also supports Translation and Quality Review processes
• WDL 2
• Overhaul of code for better management and optimization
• Into the cloud…
• Better user experience worldwide
• Continuous Process Improvement
• Project Management, standards and best practices
• Efficiency, reliability, and timeliness
OSI | WEBwww.wdl.org
SERVICES
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
OSI | WEBwww.wdl.org
SERVICES
Improve Communication and Collaboration
• Increase Partner Collaboration
• Enable more Self-Service via online tools to:
• Increase online content transfers
• Track transfers with inventory integration
• Improve content processing and validation
• Allow Partner access and review of descriptions, metadata, and
translations
• Get more people in the process where needed
• Improve Detailed Standards and Guidelines
• http://project.wdl.org
• Content guidelines (digitization, file-naming, object structure)
• Metadata guidelines (mapping from MARC, MODS, Dublin Core)
• Improve Integration with Authority Files
• Metadata controlled vocabularies, authority files
• Translation controlled vocabularies, authority files
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
OSI | WEBwww.wdl.org
SERVICES
Improve Communication and Collaboration
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Improve User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX)
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WDL 2 is a starting point
Richer user interface and experience
Full-Text Search (FTS)
Enhanced Web 2.0 Sharing features
Capacity Building
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Continue support of digitization centers in Egypt, Uganda, and Iraq
Plan meetings and training workshops
Use this workshop in Doha, Qatar, as a prototype
@WDLorg
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Please follow
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
OSI | WEBwww.wdl.org
SERVICES
Contact Information
Sandy Bostian, WDL Content Manager
sbos@loc.gov
Chris Masciangelo, WDL Digital Conversion Specialist
cmas@loc.gov
Ted Waddelow, U.S. Fulbright Scholar, Univ. of Bahrain
theodore.waddelow@gmail.com
Jason Yasner, WDL Operations Manager
jyas@loc.gov
World Digital
Library
World Digital
Library www.wdl.org
Thank you!
OSI | WEBwww.wdl.org
SERVICES