Yingcai Xiao

What is a Computer?
From the Webster ’ s New World Dictionary:
1. A person who computes.
2. A device used for computing (an electronic machine which by means of stored instructions and information, perform rapid, often complex calculations or compiles, correlates, and selects data).

What is a program and what is programming?
Programs: stored computer instructions for data processing.
Programming
= Data Structures + Algorithms
Professor Donald E. Knuth http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/

What is Windows Programming?
Windows Programming:
Programming for the Windows platform?
Programming on the Windows platform!

What Types of Programs?
Programs to be covered in this class:
(1) Windows:
CLI (Command Line Interface)
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
NUI (Natural User Interface)
(2) Web: Server Side, Web Applications,
3-Tir Enterprise Applications,
Web Services
(3) Cloud: Applications on the Cloud.

What Programming Tools? C# & .NET
C#:
(0) C^(+)^(2n); n = 0, 1, 2, => C, C++, C#
(1) The most advanced programming language to date
(3) OOP (Object-oriented Programming)
(4) EDP (Event Driven Programming)
(5) Dynamic type generation
(6) Platform-independent?: Code runs on any platform with .NET runtime
(7) Visual Studio 2010

What is .NET?
.Net is a framework for developing OSplatform-independent, programminglanguage-independent, web-enabled, distributed applications.

Our Approach
• Principles and practices: know the concepts and know how to design and implement an application.
• Inside and Out: how does it work inside
(the details), how to design a system (the big picture).
• Gradual: starting from the fundamentals and add new features as we move ahead.

Textbooks and References
Textbooks:
Programming Microsoft .NET, Jeff Prosise, Microsoft Press http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Microsoft%C2%AE-NET-Corereference/dp/0735613761
In Safari (free online read for UA students through VPN) http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/programming/microsoftdotnet/0735613761/firstchapter
Pro C# 5.0 and the .NET 4.5 Framework (Expert's Voice in .NET), Andrew Troelsen,
Apress http://www.amazon.com/Pro-NET-Framework-Experts-Voice/dp/1430242337 http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/programming/csharp/9781430242338

Textbooks and References
Reference Books:
Professional C# 4 and .NET 4, Christian Nagel, et. al., Wrox
Professional C#, Simon Robinson, et. al., Wrox
Microsoft .NET for Programmers, Fergal Grimes, Manning
Programming C#: Building .NET Applications with C#, Jesse Liberty, O’Reilly
For Beginners:
C# Concisely, Bishop & Horspool, Pearson / Addison Wesley
Beginning C# Objects from Concepts to Code, Barker and Palmer, Apress
Microsoft Visual C#.NET Step by Step, John Sharp, Microsoft Press
Visual C#2010, Deitel & Deitel
Understanding .NET, David Chappell, Pearson / Addison Wesley

System Support
Integrated Development Platform (IDE):
Microsoft Visual Studio 2010
From DreamSpark (free downloads)
The lab computers:
CAS 241 and 254
With Microsoft Visual Studio 2010
Server for the course: winverv1.cs.uakron.edu
With Microsoft Visual Studio 2010

Process
Coding
Preprocessing
Compilation
Linking
Loading
Running
Products
From Source to Binary (C++)
Purpose Notes
.cpp
(implementations)
.h
(UDT definitions)
.I
.pch
.ipch
.h contains definitions of all UDT(User
Defined Data Types): struct , class , enum , templates, #define
(preprocessor directives) , encapsulation
Timer.h:
#define PI 3.14 class Timer {int t; setTimer(int t);};
Timer.cpp
Timer::setTimer(int t){this.t=t;}
.I = .cpp with the contents of all .h files added, white spaces removed, preprocessor directives resolved,
.pch -> precompiled header (preprocessed all PI's replaced with 3.14
.pch is large (in MBs) commonly used headers) ,
.ipch -> intellisense pch
.obj
Resolve templates, check syntax, verify types, Syntax errors reported to the generate machine/binary code.
programmer.
.exe .lib .dll
process (in memory running program) /
PID
Moving
PC
(program counter)
Link all object files together, create executables ,static libraries, dynamic linked libraries (shared by all programs on the system).
Load program into memory (RAM) : stack->static (per PID); heap->dynamic (per system/resolved at run-time) ; text->binary code.
Point PC to the entry point in code: main; execute instruction code one statement at a time.
Static linked lib and exe are large: all machine code are copied in, no sharing. int i; // static on the stack new int; // dynamic on the heap setTimer // an address in the code/text
PC jumps to setTimer when the method is called; Return sets the
PC back to the caller.

Traditional Compilation (Linking)
Source Code for Language 1 Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 1 Compiler on OS2
Binary Code for OS1
OS1
Binary Code for OS2
OS2

Common Binary Code?

OS-Independent Code:
Intermediate Languages
The trend to support OS-independent binary code is to compile the source code into the binary format of an intermediate language.
And to provide an interpreter for the intermediate language on each OS to translate the binary code of the intermediate language into the native binary code of the OS.

OS-Independent Compilation: Intermediate Language
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 1 Compiler on OS2
Intermediate Binary Code
Intermediate Code Interpreter OS1 Intermediate Code Interpreter OS2
Binary Code for OS1
OS1
Binary Code for OS2
OS2

Java Intermediate Language: Java Bytecode
Java Source Code (.java)
Java Compiler (javac) on OS1 Java Compiler (javac) on OS2
Java Bytecode (.class)
Java Interpreter on OS1 (java) Java Interpreter on OS2 (java)
Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2
OS1 OS2
Program statements are interpreted one at a time during the run-time.

JIT Compiler
An interpreter interprets intermediate code one line at a time. Slow execution.
A JIT (Just-In-Time) Compiler compiles the complete code all at once just into native binary code before execution. Faster execution.

JIT Complier: Java Bytecode Compiler
Java Source Code (.java)
Java Compiler (javac) on OS1 Java Compiler (javac) on OS2
Java Bytecode (.class)
Java JIT Compiler on OS1 Java JIT Compiler on OS2
Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2
OS1 OS2
All programming statements are compiled at compile time.

MSIL: Microsoft Intermediate Language
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 1 Compiler on OS2
MSIL Code
MSIL JIT Compiler on OS1 MSIL JIT Compiler on OS2
Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2
OS1 OS2
.NET OS-Platform-Independence

A Common Language?

.NET Common Language Runtime
To make .NET language independent, CLR (Common Language
Runtime) is defined as the runtime environment.
CLR defines CTS (Common Type System) which should be followed by all languages to be used in the .NET framework.
Syntax: int, for, …, struct, class,
Semantics: multiple inheritance not allowed in CTS
Object Oriented : encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism
Visual Basic (.Net) redesigned to be OO
The code that follows CTS standard is called managed code.
regular C++ supports multiple inheritance managed C++ does not support multiple inheritance

CLR: Common Language Runtime
Source Code for Language 1 Source Code for Language 2
Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 2 Compiler on OS2
MSIL Code Confirming CTS (Managed Code)
CLR on OS1 CLR on OS2
Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2
OS1 OS2
.NET Language-Independence

.NET Architecture for Language and Platform Independence
( fan-in and fan-out on MSIL)
Source Code for Language 1 Source Code for Language 2
Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 2 Compiler on OS2
MSIL Code Confirming CTS (Managed Code)
CLR on OS1
Binary Code for OS1
OS1
CLR on OS2
Binary Code for OS2
OS2

CLI (Common Language Infrastructure)
CLR/CTS for Everyone?

CLI : Common Language Infrastructure
A specification defines an environment for multiple high-level languages to be used on different computer platforms.
Created by Microsoft based on .NET, standardized by
MS, Intel, HP and others, ratified by ECMA and ISO.
.NET is an implementation of CLI for desktop systems.
.NET Compact Framework is an implementation of CLI for portable devices.
Open Source implementations: Mono development platform (Novell), Portable .NET (dotGNU)

CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) Specification
Open Architecture for Language and Platform Independent Programming
Source Code for Language 1 Source Code for Language 2
Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 2 Compiler on OS2
CIL (Common Intermediate Language) Code
Confirming CTS (Common Type System)
CLR for OS1 CLR for OS2
Binary Code for OS1
OS1
Binary Code for OS2
OS2

Even though, CLI/CTS/CLR can make a program written in any language to run on any platform, the entire program (including all libraries used) has to be on the platform before running.
Can we have part of a program on one computer and another part of the same program on another computer?
Distributed Computing. A program is divided into multiple parts and different parts are distribute on different computers.
e.g. virtual surgery.

Web Enabled & Distributed
.NET

.Net is Web-enabled and Distributed
To run distributed code on the web, we need a standardized way to register and access the code.
Registration:
UDDI Registry: Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration.
Access:
SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol
WSDL: Web Service Description Language

A Common Language for the Internet
(free of compilation and translation)?

A Common Language for the Internet
•
Tim Berners-Lee
•
ASCII text (ISO/IEC 8859-1) is platform-independent.
• HTTP (Hyper Text Transport Protocol) e.g.
GET wp.html
Assembly Language for the Internet
•
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
High-level language for the Internet) hyper text: text that describes other text tags: type definition of text in text
<title>WP</title> all tags are predefined in HTML only system defined types, no user defined types
Recognizable by all types of computers. (World Wide Web)

A Common Language for the Internet

XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
Allow user defined tags (types)

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
Standards for defining objects for the Internet
Based on XML

WSDL (Web Service Description Language)
Standards for describing web services for the Internet
Based on XML

.NET Architecture for Web-based Distributed Computing
Client 1 UDDI Registry 2
SOAP
Client 2 UDDI Registry 1
SOAP
Web Service 1 WSDL Interface 1
Web Service 2 WSDL Interface 2
WEB

.NET Framework Composition http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework

.NET Framework Compositions
Common Language Runtime (CLR ): provides the runtime environment for MSIL code.
Framework Class Library (FCL) : provides standard libraries for developing common .Net
applications.
.NET runtime environment comes with
Windows
.NET development environment comes with
Visual Studio

.NET Framework Compositions
Current versions: framework 4.0 and VS 2010
In the works: framework 4.5 and VS “2011” for
Windows 8.
ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) support in 4.5 on Windows 8 in addition to x86
SIMD (single instruction, multiple data), multi and many core processors. Some support through
Direct3D. No support yet for SSE (Streaming
SIMD Extensions to x86)

.Net Framework Class Library
System
Windows
Forms
(GUI)
Web Data
(Database)
Enterprise
Services
XML
(Data
Description)
UI Services
Connection
DataSet
XmlDocument
String,
…
Language Integrated Query,
Windows Presentation Foundation,
Windows Communication Foundation, …

Web Services
Distributed
Applications
.NET Application Types
Browser
Accessible
Remote
Applications
Local
Applications
Other
Applications
.Net Framework Class Library
Common Language Runtime
OS

History: .Net & COM
MFC: Microsoft Foundation Class, code reuse within an application (process)
COM: Component Object Model, code reuse across applications (processes)
DCOM: Distributed COM, code reuse across systems
COM+: Internet-based Enterprise COM, code reuse across the Internet
.NET: COM+ 2.0, all COM+ services are available in .NET, even those not in managed code, interoperable with COM-based applications

.NET Enterprise Servers
Internet Information Services (IIS): web server
Commerce Server: e-commerce server
SQL Server: database server
Exchange Server: MS exchange services
Mobile Information Server: wireless server
Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server: firewall, proxy, …
BizTalk: B2B (Business-to-Business) server

Versions of .NET
.Net is evolving.
1.0: fundamentals
2.0: partial classes, profile object, ACL http://forums.asp.net/t/1115522.aspx
3.0:
WCF, WWF, WPF, Windows CardSpace http://forums.asp.net/t/1115522.aspx
4.0:
DLR, improved security model, http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms171868.aspx

Versions of .NET
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.N
ET_Framework#mediaviewer/
File:DotNet.svg

EDP