Air Force, Navy & USMC Librarians'
Training Workshop -- June 24, 2010
Judith A. Kuhagen
Policy and Standards Division
Library of Congress
Scope of this presentation
Overview of RDA
 U.S. RDA Test
 Changes from AACR2
 Your decisions/actions
 For more information

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RDA’s beginnings

Joint Steering Committee for Revision of
AACR2 (representatives from Australia,
Canada, U.K., & U.S.) known as the JSC

International conference in Toronto in 1997:
changes from AACR2 wanted, e.g.:

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Base on principles
Be more international
Cover all resources libraries collect
Resolve confusion between content vs. carrier
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AACR3
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RDA – The Goals
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
Rules should be easy to use and interpret

Be applicable to an online, networked environment

Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of
media

Encourage use beyond the library community

Be compatible with other similar standards

Have a logical structure based on internationally
agreed principles

Separate content and carrier data

Examples – more of them, more appropriate
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Based on slide from Ann Chapman, UKOLN
RDA based on IFLA’s
international models & principles
Functional Requirements for
Bibliographic Records (FRBR; 1998)
 Functional Requirements for Authority
Data (FRAD; 2009)
 Statement of International Cataloguing
Principles (ICP; 2009)

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Addresses user tasks
FRBR:
 Find
 Identify
 Select
 Obtain
FRAD:
 Find
 Identify
 Contextualize
 Justify
• ICP’s highest principle = “convenience of
the user”
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For wider scope of resources

Response to what’s being acquired in libraries
More elements for non-printed text resources
 More elements for non-text resources
 More elements for unpublished resources


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Compatible with specialist manuals (DACS, CCO,
DCRM(B) etc.)
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Internationalization

No longer assuming an Anglo-American
context

Choices relate to
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Language of additions to access points
Language of supplied data
Script and transliteration
Calendar
Numeric system
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What’s changing?

Changes in technology
 Impact on descriptive/access data
• book catalogs to card catalogs
• OPACs to next-generation catalogs
• iPhones


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Move from classes of materials to elements
values (more controlled vocabularies)
Move from individual library to
international audience via Internet
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and
RDA developed for the future

Full advantage of RDA-based data:
When authority and bibliographic data reside
in separate “packages” and records
assembled when needed
 When access points (if needed) can be
assembled “on the fly”
 When well-labeled data can be reused rather
than being created over and over again

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RDA Structure
General introduction
 Identifying entities (their attributes)

Ch. 1-7: work, expression, manifestation, item
 Ch. 8-16: person, family, corporate body, place

Relationships: ch. 17-22, 24-32
 Appendices
 Glossary

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US RDA Test
Library of Congress
 National Agriculture Library
 National Library of Medicine
 23 other libraries

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U.S. RDA Test Timeline

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June 2010: ALA releases RDA Toolkit
June-Aug.: ALA allows free access to RDA Toolkit
to everyone who registers
June-Sept.: U.S. testers get training and have
time to practice
Oct.-Dec.: U.S. test of RDA
Jan.-Mar. 2011: analysis of test results; a
decision on implementation by U.S. national
libraries soon after analysis period
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RDA records: test & non-test

New authority records not in LC/NACO
Authority File before October 1


RDA form added as 7XX in existing records
New bibliographic records in OCLC now

LC and CONSER records not until October 1
U.S. Test records available for downloading
from LC site: October+
 How identified?

040 $a ___ $b eng $c ___ $e rda
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Changes from AACR2:
bibliographic records
LC will continue to use:
MARC 21 bibliographic format
ISBD punctuation
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Choices by cataloging agencies

Additional elements selected by
libraries beyond those identified in
RDA as core elements
Alternatives
 Optional additions
 Optional omissions
 LC’s decisions on choices posted

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Transcribed elements

“Take what you see” and “accept what
you get”
Inputting information generally as found
on the resource
 Accepting scanned/downloaded
information


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Capitalization: during the RDA Test,
some at LC will test using found
capitalization
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Found capitalization?
Accepting found capitalization:
245 10 $a Cairo : $b THE CITY VICTORIOUS /
$c Max Rodenbeck.
250 ## $a FIRST VINTAGE DEPARTURES EDITION.
Changing found capitalization:
245 10 $a Cairo : $b the city victorious /
$c Max Rodenbeck.
250 ## $a First Vintage Departures edition.
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Not correcting errors in element
Monograph:
245 $a Teusday’s tasks*
246 $i Corrected title: $a Tuesday’s tasks
Serial:
245 $a Zoology studies
246 $i Misspelled title on number 1:
$a Zooology studies
* AACR2 = 245 $a Teusday’s [i.e. Tuesday’s] tasks
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Recorded/supplied elements

The information given in cataloger’s own
words (e.g., extent of resource, illustrations,
sound content)

For benefit of user:


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Very few abbreviations
No longer Latin terms -- language of the
catalog instead
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General Material
Designation (GMD) replaced

Three RDA elements developed with
the ONIX publishing community:
Content type
 Media type
 Carrier type

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MARC 336
MARC 337
MARC 338
Decide if displaying fields in OPAC,
show icons instead, or just use for
searching
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GMD replacement
AACR2:
245 $a West Side story $h [videorecording]
RDA:
245 $a
336 $a
$2
337 $a
338 $a
24
West Side story
two-dimensional moving image
rdacontent
video $2 rdamedia
videodisc $2 rdacarrier
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MARC 300 $a, 336-338
Book:
300
336
337
338
$a
$a
$a
$a
Music CD:
300
336
337
338
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123 pages, 28 unnumbered pages
text $2 rdacontent
unmediated $2 rdamedia
volume $2 rdacarrier
$a
$a
$a
$a
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1 audio disc
{or: 1 CD}
performed music $2 rdacontent
audio $2 rdamedia
audio disc $2 rdacarrier
MARC 300 $a, 336-338
Online PDF:
300 $a
336 $a
337 $a
338 $a
1 online resource (39 pages)
text $2 rdacontent
computer $2 rdamedia
online resource $2 rdacarrier
Map:
300
336
337
338
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$a
$a
$a
$a
1 map
cartographic image $2 rdacontent
unmediated $2 rdamedia
sheet $2 rdacarrier
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MARC 300 $a, 336-338
Website (with maps, text, and photographs):
300 $a 1 online resource
336 $a text $2 rdacontent
336 $a cartographic image $2 rdacontent
336 $a still image $2 rdacontent
337 $a computer $2 rdamedia
338 $a online resource $2 rdacarrier
Or repeat subfield $a in 336 field:
336 $a text $a cartographic image
$a still image $2 rdacontent
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Statement of responsibility
AACR2 has a “rule of 3” for names in
a single statement
 RDA: as many names as there are on
the resource

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Option to omit all after the first
Don’t need to include all names to
give access points (added entries)
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Statement of responsibility
example
245 $a … / $c by Susan Brown, Melanie
Carlson, Stephen Lindell, Kevin Ott, and
Janet Wilson.
Or, if option applied:
245
$a … / $c by Susan Brown [and four others]
(no longer “[et al.]”)
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Edition information

250
Transcribe as found: do not
abbreviate or convert numerals
$a Third revised edition
250
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$a 2nd enlarged ed., revised
Place of publication
If giving only one, don’t prefer a U.S. place
 Don’t add higher jurisdiction
 Don’t abbreviate names
 Don’t correct information in element
 If no place or no probable place, give
“[Place of publication not identified]”
instead of “[S.l.]”

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Examples: place of publication
260 $a London
On resource: London -- New York -- Boston
260
$a Red Oak [Iowa]
260
260
500
260
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$a Arlington, Virginia
$a Minneapolis
$a Actually published in St. Paul
$a [Place of publication not identified]
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Publisher and date
Don’t abbreviate words in publisher’s name
 If no publisher, give “[publisher not
identified” rather than “[s.n.]”
 If no date or probable date, for single-part
monographs, give “[date of publication not
identified]
 Copyright date is a separate element rather
than a substitute for date of publication


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Can have two dates in MARC 260 $c
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MARC 260 examples
260 ## $a Chicago : $b CAC Publishing
Company, $c 2010, ©2009.
260 ## $a Miami : $b [publisher not
identified] $b Florida Distributors,
Incorporated, $c [2009?]
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MARC 300 $a and $b

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No abbreviations except for duration
300
$a 266 pages : $b color photographs
300
$a 4 volumes : $b illustrations
300
$a 1 DVD (98 min.) : $b color, sound
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Numbering: serials & series
Transcribe terms and months as on the
resource
 Record numerals according to agency
decision (in U.S., usually give as on the
resource)

362
362
490
490
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0#
0#
1#
1#
$a
$a
$a
$a
Volume X, number 1January 2010… $v volume 32
… $v Band LXXXVIII
100-130 and 700-730 fields
Specific families can be authors, etc., if
presented as such on resources: important
for archival materials
 “Person” expanded to include fictitious
characters if represented as responsible

100 0# $a
245 10 $a
by
700 1# $a
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Miss Piggy.
Miss Piggy’s guide to life / $c
Miss Piggy as told to Henry Beard.
Beard, Henry.
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Change: form of access point

Not abbreviating “Department” (actually not
abbreviated in AACR2 -- U.S. didn’t follow)

Retaining frequency in name of conference
111 $a Biennial Conference on
Underwater Research
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Change: form of access point

Almost all treaties under the first signatory
(AACR2: more than three signatories,
entered under title; 2-3, entered under first in
English alphabetic order)

Not abbreviating “Old Testament” and “New
Testament”

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Omitting name of testament for single book or
group of books
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Bible examples
130 $a Bible. $p New Testament
not 130 $a Bible. $p N.T.
130 $a Bible. $p Genesis
not 130 $a Bible. $p O.T. $p Genesis
130 $a Bible. $p Gospels
not 130 $a Bible. $p N.T. $p Gospels
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Compilations of works
AACR2: often identified by first work in
the compilation (result = misidentifying
the work as a whole)
 RDA:

Single creator: creator + title of work as
a whole
 Different creators: title of work as a
whole

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Compilation: one creator
AACR2:
100 1#
240 10
245 10
505 0#
$a Miller, Arthur, $d 1915-2005
$a Archbishop’s ceiling
$a Two plays / $c Arthur Miller.
$a The Archbishop’s ceiling -- The
American clock.
RDA:
100 1# $a Miller, Arthur, $d 1915-2005
245 10 $a Two plays / $c Arthur Miller.
505 0# $a The Archbishop’s ceiling -- The
American clock.
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Compilation: 2+ creators
AACR2:
100 1# $a Polk, Sharon.
240 10 $a Community band concerts
245 10 $a Community band concerts / $c Sharon
Polk. Fall harvest festivals / Terri
Swanson.
RDA:
245 00 $a Community band concerts / $c Sharon
Polk. Fall harvest festivals / Terri
Swanson.
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Relationships
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
Between persons, families, corporate
bodies and resources (in bibl. records)

Between resources (in bibl. records)

Between persons, families, corporate
bodies and other persons, families, and
corporate bodies (in auth. records)
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Relationships expressed

Choice of conventions:

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Identifier (new to RDA)
Note
Authorized access point (a heading)
Cataloger’s judgment to use designators (subfield
$e or subfield $i with terms from RDA appendices
I-K) to explain the relationship -- MARC already
gives some explanations
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Example: persons to resource
100 1# $a Lindgren, Astrid, $d 1907-2002,
$e author.
240 10 $a Pippi Långstrump. $l English
245 10 $a Pippi Longstocking / $c Astrid
Lindgren ; translated by Tiina
Nunnally.
700 1# $a Nunnally, Tiina, $d 1952- $e
translator.
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Example: between resources
700 1# $i Translation of: $a Brown, Dan,
$d 1964- $t Digital fortress.
500 ## $a Translation of: Digital fortress /
Dan Brown. -- 1st ed. -- New York :
St. Martin’s Press, 1998. – 371
pages ; 22 cm
765 0# $a Brown, Dan, 1964- $t Digital
fortress $b 1st ed. $d New York :
St. Martin’s Press, 1998 $h 371
pages ; 22 cm $w (DLC)
97033118
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Reproductions
48

U.S. libraries never implemented AACR2
for reproductions and have continued to
catalog the reproductions as if they were
the originals

During the RDA Test, LC will catalog
reproductions (reprints, digitized texts,
microfilm, etc.) as reproductions per RDA
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Changes from AACR2:
authority records
LC will continue to use:
MARC 21 authority format
AACR2 punctuation, order
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Authority control concept

Not in AACR2 -- U.S. libraries developed
separate cataloging documentation in
addition to MARC authority format

RDA: authority data included

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New separate fields in MARC authority
format in addition to including information
in the 1XX field
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New authority fields: persons

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046:
370:
371:
372:
373:
374:
375:
377:
Special coded dates
Associated place
Address
Field of activity
Affiliation
Occupation
Gender
Associated language
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New authority fields: families
046: Special coded dates
 370: Associated place
 376: Family information

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New authority fields:
corporate bodies
046:
 370:
 371:
 377:

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Special coded dates
Associated place
Address
Associated language
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New authority fields:
works and expressions


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
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046: Special coded dates
370: Associated place
380: Form of work
381: Other distinguishing characteristics
of work or expression
382: Medium of performance
383: Numeric designation of a musical
work
384: Key
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New MARC authority fields:
more information

LC Network Development and MARC Standards
Office site (new fields highlighted in red):
http://www.loc.gov/marc/authority/ecadhome.html

Information on LC’s RDA Test documentation site:


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Examples folder of authority records
MARC encoding document giving LC’s practice for the
RDA Test
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Your decisions/actions
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New MARC fields
57

Usual practice for MARC format updates

Display in OPAC? With what labels?

Vendors and contractors for new records?
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Legacy bibliographic records

Change 1XX/7XX/8XX fields to match RDA
forms?
Bibliographic file maintenance locally?
 Revised records from OCLC?
 Cooperative relationships with other libraries?


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During the Test, RDA forms recorded in 7XX
fields in authority records (to be flipped with
1XX fields if LC implements RDA)
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New bibliographic records
From vendors with items purchased
 Contract cataloging
 Copy cataloging


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Both AACR2 and RDA records -policy to accept or change?
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If your changes involve money

Contact FEDLINK to discuss additional
services (e.g., revised records from
OCLC):
Holly Kerwin
email: hmic@loc.gov
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For more information
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RDA?
62

Questions?
email: LChelp4rda@loc.gov

Joint Steering Committee for
Development of RDA’s site:
http://www.rda-jsc.org/rda.html
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RDA Toolkit?
63

Publishers’ website:
http://www.rdatoolkit.org/

Publishers’ site includes information on
June-August free open-access period:
http://www.rdatoolkit.org/openaccess
Kuhagen - June 24, 2010
U.S. RDA Test?
64

General information about the Test:
http://www.loc.gov/bibliographicfuture/rda/test-partners.html

LC’s documentation for the Test:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/RDAtest/
rdatest.html
Kuhagen - June 24, 2010
FRBR and International
Cataloguing Principles?
Webcasts by Barbara Tillett (LC’s representative to
the JSC and Chief, Policy and Standards Division):


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“FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid
to Ask”
http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php
?rec=4554
“Cataloging Principles and RDA”
http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php
?rec=4327
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Questions?
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