Fiqh of Salat-1
Part: Two
Taught by: Hacene Chebbani
The Times of the Prayer
• Praying at fixed Hours:
• Allah (SWT) says: “Verily, prayer is
enjoined on the believers at fixed hours”
4/103
• This means that each prayer is to be
performed at a fixed time and it is not
permissible for anyone to perform it before
or after its stated time under normal
circumstances.
Times of the Prayer
• Times of the Five Daily Prayers:
1. Dhuhr: The time for it is from when the sun
reaches its meridian until the shadow of an
object is the same length as the object itself in
addition to the initial shadow.
Hadith of Jabir: “Stand up and pray.” And so he
prayed when the sun was at its
meridian…Then he came to him again on the
next day for dhuhr prayer and said: “Stand up
and pray.” So he prayed when the length of an
object’s shadow was almost the same length
as the object itself…”
Times of the Prayer
Calculation of Dhuhr Time in Modern Times:
• Calculate the time between sunrise and sunset
and then divide it by 2, the result is Dhuhr time.
• Dhuhr time for May 18, 2009: Sunrise at: 5:42
am/Sunset at: 9:24 pm, total of hours: 15
Hours and 42mn. Half is: 7 hrs 51mn
• 5 hrs 42mn + 7 hrs 51mn= 12 h 93mn =13:33
2.Asr: Asr time begins when the time for Dhuhr
ends. There two times for the end of Asr:
Times of Asr.
1. The Preferred Time:
This lasts from the beginning of the time of Asr
until the sun begins to turn yellow.
The Prophet (pbuh) said: “The time of Asr lasts
until the sun turns yellow…” (Muslim)
2. The Time of Necessity:
It is from the time the sun turns yellow until
sunset.
Hadith: “Whoever prays one raka’at of Asr
before the sun sets, he has caught up his Asr
prayer” (Bukhari/Muslim)
What is the Time of Necessity?
• Necessity here refers to when a person is
distracted from praying Asr on time or it is
difficult for him to pray before the sun turns
yellow.
– He is flying and hopes to reach his destination
before sunset.
– Food is served and ready.
– He is sick or does not find water, and he
strongly feels that water will be available
before sunset, or due to other valid excuses.
Time of Maghrib/Ishaa’
• The time for Maghrib prayer begins with
the disappearance of the sun and it lasts
until the redness (twilight) disappears in
the sky.
• Hadith: “The time of Maghrib prayer lasts
until the redness of the sky has
disappeared” (Muslim)
Times of Ishaa’/Fajr Prayers
• The time of Ishaa’ prayer is from the
disappearance of the redness in the sky until the
middle of the night.
• Hadith: “The time of Ishaa’ prayer is until the
middle of the night.” (Muslim)
• The time of Fajr prayer is from the dawn until
sunrise.
• Hadith: “The time for the morning prayer is from
dawn and continues until sunrise.” (Muslim).
Important Notes.
1. It is preferred to pray Dhuhr at the beginning of
its time, unless it is too hot.
2. It is preferred to pray Asr prayer promptly, as
“the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) used to pray
Asr prayer while the sun was still high…”
(Bukhari/Muslim).
3. It is a serious sin to miss Asr prayer without
any excuse, for Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) said:
“The one who misses Asr prayer, it is as if he
has been deprived of his family and his
property” (Bukhari/Muslim)
Important Notes
4. The one who delays Asr prayer until the
sun has turned yellow without any
excuse has committed a sin, as Allah’s
Messenger (pbuh) said: “That is the
prayer of the hypocrite: He waits until
the sun has turned yellow and is
between the two horns of shaytan, then
he stands and prays four hasty rakaa’hs
in which he remembers Allah but little”
(Muslim/others).
Important Notes
5. It is preferred to hasten Maghrib prayer and it
is disliked to delay it, as Allah’s Messenger
(pbuh) said: “My people will continue to be
fine, or upon the fitrah so long as they pray the
sunset prayer before the stars appear” (Abu
dawood/others)
6. It is disliked to sleep before Ishaa’ and to
speak after it without necessity, as Allah’s
Messenger used to hate sleep before Ishaa’
and speech after it. (Bukhari/Muslim)
Important Notes
7. It is preferred to offer Fajr prayer in its
early time, as Aisha ® said: “The believing
women used to pray the morning prayer
with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and
then return wrapped in their mantles. No
one could recognize them due to the
darkness.” (Bukhari/Muslim)
Important Notes
• Every prayer is caught, if one was able to
perform one complete rakaa’ (Ruku’ and Sujood
are completed).
• Hadith: “Whoever caught one rak’ah of Fajr
prayer before sunrise has caught the morning
prayer, and whoever caught one ra’kah of the
Asr prayer before sunset has caught the Asr
prayer.” (Bukhari/Muslim)
• Second Hadith: “Whoever caught one rak’ah of
the prayer has caught that prayer”
(Bukhari/Muslim)
Times when it is Forbidden to Pray
• Uqbah bin Aamir ® said: “There are three times
at which the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) forbade
us from prayer or burying our dead: 1- While the
sun is rising, until it has completely risen (12 to
15mn)
2- When the sun is exactly at its meridian, until it
has passed that point. (Around 15mn before
Zawaal).
3- While the sun is setting, until it has completely
set” (Muslim/others)
Two other times.
• The hadith of Abee said al-khudri ®: “There
should be no prayer after Asr prayer until sunset,
and there should be no prayer after Fajr prayer
until the sun rises” (Bukhari/Muslim)
• What is the reason of prohibition?
• Regarding the two ends of the day: “for it
rises/sets between the horns of shaytan, and
that is when the disbelievers prostrate to it…”
• Regarding the middle of the day: “At that time
stop praying, for this is the time when the Hellfire is fed with fuel…” From the hadith of Amr bin
Abasah in sahih Muslim.
Exceptions at Certain Times and
Places
•
The prayer which is forbidden at the previously
mentioned times is voluntary prayer, which is
prayed without any valid reason. However, it is
permissible to pray the following prayers:
1. When making up a missed prayer, whether
obligatory or voluntary. The Hadith: “Whoever
forgot a prayer should pray it when he
remembers it…” (B/M)
Second Hadith: “The prophet (pbuh) made up
a sunnah prayer after Asr prayer.”
Exceptions of the Rule.
2. After making ablution, at any time.
Hadith: the story of Bilal with the sunnah
of ablution. “… during the day or night…”
(B)
3. Whenever we enter the Masjid. (The
greeting of the Masjid) as we were
commanded by the Prophet (pbuh) to
pray two rak’aahs before sitting.
Exceptions of the Rule
4. If we are in the sacred Masjid of
Makkah, we are allowed to pray at any
time.
“O children of Abdi Manaaf! Do not prevent
anyone from doing tawaaf around this
house or from praying therein at any time
of the day or night” (Tirmithi/others)
5. Praying salatul-Al-istikhaarah for an
emergency or an urgent matter.
Exceptions of the Rule
6. Praying at zawaal time on Friday. The
Hadith: “…then prays as much as Allah
has written for him and then remains silent
while the Imam is delivering the khutbah,
his sins between the present and the last
Friday will be forgiven.” (B)
Another Time of Forbiddance
• It is prohibited to perform voluntary prayer
once the Iqaamah has been called.
• The prophet (pbuh) said: “Once the iqaamah
has been called, there is no prayer except the
obligatory one.” (M/others)
• Quit your voluntary prayer with proper salaam,if
you are in the first rak’aah, but finish your prayer
quickly if you are in the second rak’aah and then
join the congregation.
Places in which we are Forbidden
to Pray
•
The earth was made pure and a Masjid for the
Ummah of Mohamed (pbuh). Excluded from
this ruling, few places mentioned in the
sunnah. They are:
1. Cemeteries and places with graves. Five
days before he passed away, he (pbuh) said:
“…so do not take the graves as places of
worship. I forbid you to do this.” (M)
2. The toilet: “All of the earth is a Masjid except
the cemetery and the toilet” (Tirmithi/Abu
Dawood/others)
Continued
3. Sitting Place of the camels. (Stables)
Hadith: “Do not pray where the camels
sit,…” (Abu Dawood)
4. Slaughtering houses, waste
management places, busy streets, and
on the top of the Ka’bah.
Some scholars have mentioned these
places based on a hadith in sunan ibn
Majah.