Memory, Cognition, and
Language
Test Review
• Because it has all of the features commonly
associated with the concept bird, a robin is
considered
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a prototype
a schematic
an algorithm
a phenotype
a heuristic
• The tendency to incorrectly estimate that
more people die from accidents and
homicides than from strokes and diabetes
best illustrates the influence of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the availability heuristic
confirmation bias
the framing effect
fixation
the representative heuristic
• A heuristic is BEST described as a
A. step-by-step procedure.
B. time consuming process that guarantees
success.
C. mental shortcut for drawing a conclusion or
solving a problem.
D. sudden realization of a solution
• Which psychologist believes that all people
are born with a Language acquisition Device?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
chomsky
Skinner
Whorf
Freud
Lennenburg
• A person who uses a drop of super glue to seal
a paper cut on their finger has overcome the
obstacle to effective problem solving related
to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
insight.
a brain fart.
the representativeness heuristic.
the availability heuristic.
functional fixedness.
• A(n) ________ is a step by step solution to a
problem that guarantees a solution,
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
categorization process
algorithm
rule of thumb
mental operant
schema
• _________ bias refers to a situation in which
people ignore or overlook information that
disagrees with their beliefs.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Confirmation
Representativeness
Knowledge
Availability
Hindsight
• While readying to take a free-throw shot, you
suddenly arrive at the answer to a chemistry
problem you'd been working on several hours
before. This is an example of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
insight
backward conditioning
latent learning
discrimination
the Premack Principle
• The indelible memories of the 9/11 terrorist
tragedy caused many people to overestimate
the risks associated with flying. This best
illustrates the importance of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
functional fixedness.
confirmation bias.
the representativeness heuristic.
framing.
the availability heuristic.
• The "magic number" __________ represents
the average number of "bits" of information
that short-term memory can usually handle
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3
6
7
9
infinity
• James was hit in the head by a pitch in
baseball and no longer remembers anything
prior to the incident but can form new
memories. He likely suffers from:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
anterograde amnesia
proactive amnesia
retrograde amnesia
representative amnesia
script amnesia
• Which kind of forgetting is involved when the
sociology I studied yesterday makes it more
difficult to learn and remember the
psychology I am studying today?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
proactive interference
retrieval failure
retroactive interference
heuristics
decay
• The three memory stages, in order of
processing, are
A.
B.
C.
D.
sensory; cognitive; short term.
recall; recognition; rehearsal.
working; long term; short term.
sensory; short-term; long term.
• Getting information out of memory is known
as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
elaboration.
storage.
chunking.
retrieval.
encoding.
• You are an actor worried about remembering
your lines. In order to help you a friend suggests
that you remember each portion of the script by
linking it to different places in your home. What
memory technique has your friend suggested?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
persistence
method of loci
maintenance elaboration
rote memorization
None of the above
• Chuck recalls the day last summer when he
fell off his bicycle and scraped his knee. This is
an example of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
iconic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
short-term memory
• Phonemes are:
A. the rules of grammar that dictate letter
combinations in a language
B. the smallest unit of sound in a language
C. the smallest unit of meaning in a language
D. semantically the same as morphemes
E. about 100 different words that are common to
all languages
• Questions with multiple solutions such as
'how many uses are there for a vase?' require:
A.
B.
C.
D.
creativity
convergent thinking
confirmation bias
algorithms
• Meghan is a cheerleader at your high school, she
is always happy and outgoing and you assume
that the rest of the cheerleaders act much the
same way, this potentially false belief is an
example of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the confirmation bias
an algorithm
the hindsight bias
backward thinking
the representative heuristic
• What is the problem with many foreign language
programs currently offered in U.S. schools?
A. They offer children too many different foreign
language options.
B. They begin their foreign language training too late.
C. The do not have enough selection in the choices of
langauge.
D. They begin their foreign language training too early.
E. They are not rigorous enough.
22.
Memory
Retrieval
Holding Tanks
Encoding
Word Bank: Use the terms below to
complete the concept map questions
22-31 (not all will be used):
maintenance rehearsal
storage
sensory memory
mnemonic device
repression
method of Loci
long-term memory
chunking
short-term memory
insight
peg-word system
elaborative rehearsal
creativity
23. (lasts only a few
seconds)
24. (approximately 7
items, up to 20 seconds)
25. (virtually unlimited)
26. grouping
information into
smaller units
31. Linking new
memories to old
memories
30. Mentally
placing objects
on a path to
recall information
27. Example:
Please Excuse My
Dear Aunt Sally
Strategies for
improving
short-term
memory
29. “one is a bun”
“2 is a shoe”
“3 is a tree”
28. repetition that
keeps information
in STM about 20
seconds.
THINK!
• You have three stoves: a gas stove, a wood
stove, and a coal stove, but only one match.
Which should you light first?
• THE MATCH!
THINK!
• You have two jugs, a 3 gallon jug and a 5 gallon jug.
Without any measuring devices how do you get
exactly 4 gallons using only those two jugs?
• Fill the 3 gallon jug. Pour all the contents into the 5
gallon jug. Fill the 3 gallon jug again. Pour contents
into the 5 gallon jug until the 5 gallon jug is full. You
should now have 1 gallon in the 3 gallon jug. Empty
the 5 gallon jug and pour the 1 gallon from the 3
gallon jug into it. Fill the 3 gallon jug again and pour
contents into the 5 gallon jug. The 5 gallon jug will
now have 4 gallons in it.