Eha Mängel
Tallinn University Language Centre
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Short vowels: ɪ, e, æ, ʌ, ɒ, ʊ, ə, (i, u)
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Long vowels: i:, ɑ:, ɔ:, u:, ɜ:
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Diphthongs: eɪ, aɪ, ɔɪ, əʊ, aʊ, ɪə, eə, (ʊə)
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Consonants
(voiceless): k, p, t, s, ʃ, f, θ, ʧ
(voiced): g, b, d, z, ʒ, v, ð, ʤ
j, w, m, n, ŋ, l, r, h
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1 No connection between the signs
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2 No capital signs
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3 No double consonants
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The ghost of ancient sights haunts the lonely
stroller
ðə gəʊst əv eɪnʃənt saɪts hɔ:nts ðə ləʊnli
strəʊlə
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Vowels
/ɪ/
women
/wɪmɪn/
busy
/bɪzi/
/e/
bury
/beri/
says/said
/sez/ /sed/
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breath
/breθ/
BUT: to breathe /bri:ð/
leisure
/leʒə/ US /li:ʒə/
jeopardy
/ʤepədi/
heifer
/hefə/
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/ʌ/
blood / flood
/blʌd/ /flʌd/
onion
/ʌnjən/
among
/ə’mʌŋ/
ton / won
/tʌn/ /wʌn/
southern
/sʌð(ə)n/
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twopence
/tʌpən(t)s/
threepence
/θrʌpən(t)s/
/ ɑ: /
clerk
/klɑ:k/
sergeant
/sɑ:ʤənt/
aunt
/ɑ:nt/
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/ɒ/
knowledge
/nɒlɪʤ/ /nɒləʤ/
bureaucracy
/bjʊə’rɒkrəsi/
swan
/swɒn/
Swan swam over the seaSwim swan, swim;
Swan swam back againWell swum swan.
yacht /jɒt/
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/ɔ:/
poor, sure,tour
/pɔ:/ /ʃɔ:/ /tɔ:/
Baltic
/bɔ:ltɪk/
chalk, talk, walk
/ʧɔ:k/ /tɔ:k/ /wɔ:k/
autumn
/ɔ:təm/
sward
/sɔ:d/
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/u:/
tomb, womb
/tu:m/ /wu:m/
blue, glue
/blu:/ /glu:/
suit, juice, cruise, bruise
/su:t/ /ʤu:s/ /kru:z/ /bru:z/
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/ɜ:/
journey
/ʤɜ:ni/
colonel
/kɜ:nəl/
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/eə/ and /ɪə/
hair
- here, hear
bear
- beer
air
- ear
fair
- fear
rare
- rear
pear
- pier
dare - dear,deer
chair - cheer
Clare - clear
stare - steer
spare - spear
rarely - really
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Silent letters
/p/ and /b/
cupboard, comb, bomb, climb, doubt, debt
/kʌbəd//kəʊm//kəʊm//klаɪm//dаʊt//det/
psychology, psalm, pseudo, psychi/psycho
/sаɪ’kɒləʤi/ /sɑ:m/ /sju:dəʊ/ /saɪki/saɪkəʊ/
/t/ and /d/
castle, hasten, Christmas, mustn’t, handsome
/kɑ:sl/ /heɪsn/ /krɪsməs/ /mʌsnt//hænsəm/
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/h/
honour, heir, exhaust, exhibit, vehicle
/ɒnɪst//eə//ɪg’zɔ:st//ɪg’zɪbɪt//vi:əkl//vɪəkl/
/l/
salmon
/sæmən/
CHIN
CHEER
CHOKE
CHAIN
GIN
JEER
JOKE
JANE
RICH
SEARCH
H
LARCH
RIDGE
SURGE
AGE
LARGE
Look out! He’s choking/joking.
The audience cheered/jeered at her speech.
It’s not a little fir tree, It’s a larch/large tree.
What happened to your chin/gin
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Ian
/i:ən/
Sean
/ʃɔ:n/
Seamus
/ʃeməs/
Sinead
/ʃɪ’neɪd/
Scylla
/sɪlə/
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Scythia
/sɪðiə/
Deirdre
/dɪədri/
Isla
/аɪlə/
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Cholomondeley
/ʧʌmli/
Colquhoun
/kə’hu:n/
Dalziel
/di:’el/ or /dælzi:l/
Featherstonehawe
/fænʃɔ:/ or /feðəst(ə)nhɔ:/
Quesnel
/keɪn(ə)l/
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Marylabone
/mɑ:lɪbə(ʊ)n/ or /mær(ə)ləbən/
Grosvenor
/grəʊvnə/
Alnwick
/ænɪk/
Leicester
/lestə/
Gloucester
/glɒstə/
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Worcester
/wʊstə/
Cirencester
/sɪsɪtə/ or /saɪər(ə)nsestə/
Woolfardisworthy
/wʊlz(ə)ri/ or /fʊlfɑ:dɪswɜ:ði/
Tucson
/tu:sɒn/
Arkansas
/ɑ:kənsɔ:/ BUT: river /ɑ:’kænzəs/
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Vowel diagraphs
In strong syllables
AE (BrE)
E (in US)
aesthetic
esthetic
i:s’θetɪk
es’θetɪk
Caesar
si:zə
si:zə
When followed by /r/
aeroplane
eərəpleɪn
erəpleɪn
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gynaecology
gynecology
gaɪnə’kɒləʤi
gaɪnə’kɑ:ləʤi
Transcribe the following words:
aether/(US)ether, aery, aestival/(US)estival
i:θə
eəri/eri/eɪəri
i:s’tаɪvəl/ ‘estəvəl
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Oedipus, oesophagus, oecumenic
i:dɪpəs/edɪpəs, i:’sɒfəgəs/ɪ’sɑ:fəgəs,
i:kjʊ’menɪk/ ekjə’menɪk
Ɵæŋk
ju: !