GIS Open Source Software
(OSS) for development of
Pacific Island Nations
Edwin Liava’a
PI Attribute
• What is the best attribute of a
Pacific Islander?
Sharing
OSGeo
• The Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
• OSGeo was created to support
the collaborative development of
open source geospatial
software, and promote its
widespread use
http://www.osgeo.org/
Abstract
•
An OSS Success Story: the case of GIS&RS from the
South Pacific region
•
Abstract: The use of Open Source Software for
Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing
(GIS&RS) in the Pacific regions is an important case study
in the benefits of OSS for developing countries. The
success of OSS for GIS&RS can be related to the many
unique challenges and conditions that the Pacific offers.
This presentation looks at these challenges and conditions
using the analytical framework that Schwelk and English
(2012) have used to analyse other cases in OSGeo. A
history of GIS&RS is provided along with the
characteristics of the community that has developed
GIS&RS
•
Open Geo. use to addresses this question by looking at
GIS&RS in the Pacific begins the process by documenting
its history..
– William Tibben
History
• Navigation
• Mapping
• Knowledge Transfer
OSGeo
• “Open source GIS software
makes a major public goods
contribution by giving average
people, especially those in
developing countries, access to
free GIS software.” OSGeo Case
Study: An example of the
evolving OSS Ecosystem.
SOPAC
• The GIS/RS Special Interest Group of the
Pacific Islands Chapter of Internet Society
GIS/RS SIG has been instrumental in the
promotion of Open Source spearheaded by
the Pacific Applied and Geoscience
Commission (SOPAC) by making source
code available to its Stakeholders starting
with the GIS for Utilities Project in 1997.
SOPAC
• Process and deliver timely GIS
outputs, free of dependence on
external vendors or licensing
constraints.
USP
• Incorporating FOSS in a number of GIS
courses, and students are experiencing
desktop GIS with a range of FOSS and
commercial software.
• “FOSS GIS applications have seen
important developments in the last few
years. These have been particularly
significant in the areas of desktop GIS for
general mapping, and in the usability of
desktop mapping applications by non-IT
specialists. This has increased the
opportunities for projects and organisations
with limited budgets to develop desktop
mapping capacity,” Conway Pene
CheSpatial
• Cost Benefit Analysis
TANGIBLE BENEFITS WORKSHEET
Year 1 through 5
A. Cost Reduction or avoidance
$
4,500.00
B. Error reduction
$
2,500.00
Economic Feasibility Analysis
C. Increased flexibility
$
7,500.00
Net Economic benefit
D. Increased speed of activity
$
10,500.00
Discount rate (12%)
E. Improvement in management
planning or control
$
25,000.00
$
50,000.00
F. Other____________________
TOTAL tangible benefits
ONE-TIME COSTS WORKSHEET
Year 0
$
A. Development costs
$
16,648.00
B. New Hardw are
$
49,610.00
1. Packaged application
$
11,200.00
2. Other: "Accommodation, Meals & Airfares
C. New (purchased) Softw are
$
8,380.00
D. User training
$
10,000.00
E. Site Preparation
F. Other: "contingency"
TOTAL One time-cost
$
7,480.00
$
9,332.00
$ 112,650.00
RECURRING COSTS WORKSHEET
Year 2
$
50,000 $
1.0000
0.9050
50,000 $
0.8190
0.7412
Year 4
50,000 $
0.6707
$
-
$
45,249 $
40,949 $
37,058 $
33,537 $
NPV of all benefits
$
-
$
45,249 $
86,198 $
123,256 $
156,793 $
One-time costs
$ (112,650.00)
Recurring Costs
$
-
Year 5
TOTALS
50,000
0.6070
##
30,350
187,143 $ 187,143
$ (125,760.00) $ (125,760.00) $ (125,760.00) $ (125,760.00) $ (125,760.00)
1.0000
PV of Recurring Costs
$
-
NPV of all Costs
$
(112,650) $
$
112650
0.9050
0.8190
0.7412
0.6707
(113,810) $
(102,995) $
(93,209) $
(84,352) $
(226,460) $
226459.9548
(329,455) $
329455.3889
(422,664) $
422663.9266
(507,016) $
507015.5445
0.6070
##
(76,336)
(583,352) $ (583,352)
583351.8502
Overall NPV
$ (396,209)
Overall ROI - (Overall NPV / NPV of all COSTS)
(0.68)
Yearly NPV Cash Flow
$
(112,650) $
(68,561) $
(62,046) $
(56,150) $
(50,815) $
(45,986)
Ov erall NPV Cash Flow
$
(112,650) $
(181,211) $
(243,257) $
(299,408) $
(350,223) $
(396,209)
A. Application softw are maintenance
$ 100,000.00
B. Incremental data storage required: 20MB X $50.00
$
1,000.00
C. Incremental communications (lines, messages, etc)
$
4,800.00
Project break-ev en occurs betw een y ears 2 and 3
D. New softw are leases or upgrades
$
1,000.00
Use first y ear of positiv e cashflow to calculate break-ev en fraction - ((15303 - 9139)/15303) =
E. Supplies
$
9,360.00
$
9,600.00
TOTAL recurring costs
50,000 $
Break-even Analysis
Year 1 through 5
F. Other - Transport
Year 3
PV of Benefits
Discount rate (12%)
Year 0
Year 1
-
$ 125,760.00
NB: All dollar v alues hav e been rounded of to the nearest dollar
Yearly Cashflow s are calculated by substracting both the one-time cost and
the present values of the recurring costs from the present value of the yearly benefits.
The overall NPV of the cash flow reflects the total cash flow s for all preceding years.
Proprietary Software
Break-Even Analysis
$700,000
$600,000
Dollars ($ thousands)
$500,000
$400,000
All Benefits
All Costs
$300,000
$200,000
$100,000
$1
2
3
4
Year
5
6
7
GIS OSS Software
Break-Even Analysis
$250,000
Dollars ($ thousands)
$200,000
$150,000
Series1
Series2
$100,000
$50,000
$1
2
3
4
Year
5
6
TAKI
• Means – Sharing