THE NEW ORDER AND THE HOLOCAUST
“The New Order in Europe”
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Nazis controlled Europe from the English Channel in the west to
near Moscow in the east (1942)---mostly ran by military or
civilian officials and supportive civilians
Nazis were ruthless in eastern Europe---see the Slavic people
as racially inferior---wanted the lands for German settlers--plans for Aryan empire is set in place
Heinrich Himmler is the SS leader put in charge of the German
resettlement plans in the east---(move Slavic people out and
replace them with Germans)---moved one million Poles to
southern Poland---1942 two million ethnic Germans had been
moved and colonized to new Poland provinces---Hitler
anticipates turning all Slavs into slaves so Himmler suggest
killing them instead
Labor shortage in Germany so about 7 million Europeans are
forced to work in Germany or in their own country for the Nazi
empire
“The Holocaust”
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1. Hitler’s “Final Solution” was to exterminate the Jews from
Europe because they were the greatest threat to his Aryan Empire
2. The SS under Himmler was responsible for carrying out the
Final Solution which was “genocide” or the physical extermination
of ones own race---the Jewish population
3. Reinhard Heydrich was the head of the SS’s Security Service
and was in charge of the Final Solution---He created special forces
called “Einsatzgruppen” to carry out Nazi plans
4. When Poland fell Heydrich ordered all Jews to be rounded up
and put in crowded ghettos in a number of cities---the Nazis tried to
starve the Jews----many resistance groups in the ghettos fought
back
5. In 1941 the Einsatzgruppen began to act as mobile killing units
which followed the army, rounded up the Jews, and then executed
them---they buried their bodies in mass graves (one million died this
way)----however, the Nazis thought this was too slow a solution
“Death Camps”
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1. Jews were transported in trains like cattle to Poland
which had six death camps and the largest was
“Auschwitz”---30% of the arrivals were sent to work in
labor camps of which many were starved or worked to
death---others were exterminated in gas chambers
2. By 1942 the death camps are in full operation and
the “Final Solution” is of top priority even over the
military needs during war---In 1944 as the Germans
began to lose ground, Hitler still ordered Jews be
shipped from Greece and Hungary to the death camps
3. Over 3 million Jews were killed in the death camps
(overall total killed were between 5 and 6 million)
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4. Other victims of the Holocaust were Europe’s
Gypsies (40%), Poles, Ukrainians, and 3-4 million
Soviet prisoners of war
5. The Danish people were able to protect most of its
Jewish citizens yet, in other places “Collaborators”
helped the Nazis find Jews
6. Jewish children were the first to be put to death in the
gas champers because they could not work (1.2
million)---many children were moved from cities being
bombed and never saw their parents again (1945 13
million orphaned children in Europe---Schools closed
and many children on both sides joined the front lines to
fight or worked as spies (age 14-15)
“The New Order In Asia”
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1. Japan hoped to use its newly conquered countries as
sources of raw materials such as tin, oil, and rubber
(market for Japanese goods)
2. Japanese slogans were “Asia for the Asiatics”---they
contacted anticolonialist forces and promised them that
local governments would be set up under Japanese
control (Burma, the Dutch East Indies, Vietnam, and the
Philippines)---each was ran by Japanese military and
the local people were forced to work
3. In Vietnam, the Japanese took rice from the people
and one million of them starved to death in 1944 and
1945
“Japanese Respect”
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1. At first, many of the Southeast Asian nationalists cooperated
with the Japanese but their attitudes changed through the
arrogance and contempt for local customs (no respect for the
culture) --- ie: Buddhist pagodas in Burma were used as military
latrines
2. The Japanese were like the Germans, they had little respect for
the lives of people in occupied countries---In Nanjing and in China
the Japenese soldiers looted the city and killed and raped its people
(12,000 Allied P.O.W.’s died while constructing the Burma-Thailand
railway in 1943)
3. Nationalist in occupied countries were conflicted because they
did not want the former colonial powers to return but they did not
like the Japanese either----Ho Chi Minh in French Indochina turned
against the Japanese and worked with the Allies