2013 大学英语四级辅导
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新四级概述
自2013年12月考次起，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会将对
四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整。调整后，四级和
六级的试卷结构和测试题型相同。
一、试卷描述
四级和六级的试卷结构、测试内容、测试题型、分值比例和考试
时间如下表所示：
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 二、新题型说明
 1. 单词及词组听写
 原复合式听写调整为单词及词组听写，短文长度及难度不变。要求考
生在听懂短文的基础上，用所听到的原文填写空缺的单词或词组，共
10题。短文播放三遍。
 2. 长篇阅读
 原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后
附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要
求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，
有的段落可能不对应任何一题。
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 3. 翻译
 原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、
经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180200个汉字。
 三、成绩报道
 成绩报道分为总分和单项分。单项分包括：1）听力，2）阅读，3）
翻译和写作。
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 首先，主观题所占分值比例大幅度增加了。
 在改革前的四六级试卷中，主观题比例仅占到20%.而这次改革后，
主观题比例上升到30%。
 其次，在很大程度上抑制了临时抱佛脚的侥幸心态。
 纵观这次发布的样卷，单纯对某个词汇和语法点的考察题型已经全部
取消，取而代之的是对考生英语综合运用能力的考察。
 再次，四六级整卷中每个部分所占的分值比例分布更为合理。
 除了听力和阅读仍然是得分大头外，其余部分的洗牌让整个分值分布
更为平均。这就让之前抓大题放小题的策略失效，每个部分都变得举
足轻重。题型的变革代表着考委会希望四六级考生不仅仅能够通过这
个考试，同时也能全面提高英语应用能力。
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 新题型的改革主要集中在听力、阅读、翻译三个分项上。下面我们就
从这三方面出发，给予大家一些建议。
 听力：想要提高听力就练听写。这个已经是一个亘古不变的真理了。
看到这里的同学，你可长长心吧，不如利用空余时间多练练听力。平
常需要拿一套题来真刀实枪地练练。请记住，在做完题之后，一定要
认真对照听力原文再仔细听一遍录音。遇到不熟的单词划记一下，说
不定下一次复合式听写就考到了。对照着原文再听一遍还有一个好处
就是，能帮你纠正你脑中错误的单词发音。很多时候大家听不懂不是
因为单词不认识，而是因为自己发不准这个单词的音，所以导致听到
正确的发音也对不上来。
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 阅读：阅读一直是很多考生的老大难。想要做好阅读最基本的两个要
素是：具有一定的词汇量储备和基础的语法知识。如果你这两项都不
行，那么在阅读上很难得到提升。练完基本功，你就可以去进行训练
了。为什么我们一直提倡阅读需要多练？因为阻碍很多人阅读得高分
的原因在于他阅读英美原文的不适感。因为平常读得不多，他很难适
应英美人的逻辑思维。如果题材再生僻点，阅读的得分率就更低了。
所以，我们多做阅读很大部分原因是为了让我们更快地熟悉英美思维
方式。当然，掌握一些做题技巧在一定程度上也能提高阅读得分率，
比如在题目中寻找关键词-回原文定位-精读重点句子。
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 翻译：在这次的改革中，翻译的比重大幅度提高。从样题来看文字难
度不是很大，但我们也不能保证哪一次就不会出一个让人措手不及的
难题。对于翻译来说，即算是遇到不会翻的生词也不要慌张，要学着
绕着弯走。这个词不会翻译，你可以换一种思路来解释这个词呀。不
要怕你写的词太简单，只要意思到了，没有基本语法错误，及格分是
肯定有的。平常在练习的时候，要注意有意识地累积词汇。翻译是苦
工，不要想着能快速见成效。
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听力部分-短对话
Conversation 1: be alright with
C2: 2-week drive
C3: draught beer
C4: be postponed
C5: campus counselor
C6: ….will be doing…
C7: the only thing is …
C8: make an appointment
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Long conversation:
9. …success in marriage resides more in “lose-lose”
solution.
10. We should spend our energy finding one that suits
us both, instead of quarreling over the ones we don’t
like.
11. …when I was young my need to control arose out
fear, a lack of trust, insecurity.
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12. …you might as well be eating off a toilet seat.
13. …four keyboards were judged potential health
hazards and the microbiologist recommended the
removal of one keyboard as it had five times bacteria
than the cleaned toilet seat.
14. …the study found that eating at computer desks
is the main cause of bug-infected keyboard.
15. … a survey of 4000 people by the magazine
found one in ten people never cleaned their
keyboards…
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长对话：一、听前预测
 1. 先纵后横
 “先纵”：通读每篇后的3-4个小题,找出关键词,
前后联系,预测全篇大致主题。
“后横” ：通看各题选项,看看是否存在生词,总
结长句的核心意思,以此预测考点和可能的答案。
 2. 分清主次
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二、听时抓"点"
 1. 考点均匀分布,易出现在话轮转换处
2. 重复率较高的词或短语多成为考点
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短文听力
Passage 1:
16 … was taken by his father to visit a prison,…
17. He gathered a number of women who
attended wounded soldiers of all nationalities…
18. A suffering human being should be helped for
his own sake only and without regard to race, ….
19. …the symbol was the Swiss flag which is
reversed.
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 Passage 2
 Scientists are using tree rings to…..
 He found….
 The scientists concluded that….
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短文听力的提问方式最常见的有4种类型
 中心思想题
 事实细节题
 对错判断题
 推理推测题
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故事叙述/人物：
 故事开端—发展—结局—意义
 人物年代，相关历史事件的重新固定搭配
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实验/调查
 实验对象—实验过程—实验结果/意义
 数字及概念， 或选项的重新定位
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议论文 ：社会现象
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观点的流露。
e.g. I think…
I believe it’s true that
In my opinion
The
point/idea/view/opinion/truth/fact/cause/reason/
solution…..
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 短文理解
 题材固定：说明文+议论文
 段首句开门见山引出主题
 转折/因果/强调处常命题。
 However….but……unfortunately…on the
contrary….
 Therefore…thus…hence…as a result…for this
reason…
 As a consequence…consequently…so
 In other words….that is….
 最高级常命题/特殊句型 （自问自答）
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短文理解：预测
 1. 关于文章主旨大意的预测
 2. 关于文章细节的预测
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复合式听写：会听，善记
 在第一遍朗读过程中，考生要本着听为主、记为
辅的原则，结合听前所做的预测，注重把握全文
的大意。对于十分明显的答案，可以做一下标记
。这样做可以为第二遍以记为主的过程打下良好
的基础，起到启发、点拨的作用，进一步降低了
听力的难度，减轻了第二遍记笔记的任务，同时
也能帮助考生放松紧张的心情。我们可以利用一
些速记的方法。
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核对
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复合式听写第三遍朗读是供考生进行核对的，
这一环节也十分重要，需要我们充分利用，从而
帮助我们查漏补缺，完善答案，避免不必要的丢
分。比如有关名词的单复数问题（这也是复合式
听写考查的一个重点）不仅考查考生的听力，同
时考查考生的语法应用能力，该考点往往使一些
考生因为单词形式错误而丢分，仔细检查就可以
解决这一问题
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Test 1—Listening
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. C
11. D 12. D 13. C . 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. D 19.
C 20. D 21. C 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. C
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复合式听写答案：
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26. typical
27. rarely
28. retreated
29. avoided
30. intimates
31. figure
32. unknown
33. According to
34. obligations
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C1: break down
C2: turn down the offer
C3: cut down on smoking
C4: bulletin board…deserve it.
C6: tooth-paste
C7: single rooms…occupied
C8: but to be hones…
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 Long conversation:
 9: … not focus on the main point…
 10: …workplace friendships are like a double-edged
sword.
 11: …concerned about going “softer” with their friends
and being expected to treat them with special privileges.
 conflict…. fairness…..equality…..dilemma
 12. … have policies in place to manage potential
difficulties.
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 Passages:
 brutal = cruel
 noisy confrontation
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Test 2—listening
1-10 D D D A D C D B A C
11-20 B C C D B A D B B D
21-25 C A D C A
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26. substances
27. mystery
28. distributed
29. drift
30. solution
31. mixture
32. reversed
33. compartments
34. individual
35. resistant
emulsion
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C1: take off from work
C2: not keep up with
C4: wouldn’t be easier if we….
C5: hard feelings
C6: …if you really think it’s necessary.
C7: announcement
C8: watch out
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 Long conversations:
 house-sitting; references; guarantee; make a fuss大惊小
怪
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 Passages:
 16. Sounds travels faster through warm water than cold
water. ….the scientists will be able to determine if our
planet is warming up.
 17. …keep track of the animals’ movements.
 19, This specified what the training department must
teach for the successful performance o the jobs, and
also the best methods…
 20, successful training performance depends on an
understanding of the difference between learning about
skills and training in using them.
 military duty: 兵役
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Test 3 –listening
1-10 A B A D C B C B C B
11-20 A C D D C B C D C D
21-25 A B C D D
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26, Throughout
27, convenient
28, estimate
29, survive
30, supply
31, impressive
32, minerals
33, mined
34, oriental
35, undersea chambers
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C1: wait a moment
C2: I couldn’t even move…
C3: Even you can’t finish it all.
C4: I couldn’t feel better about it!
C5: Surprised you?
C6: why not…
C7: a medal for rescuing…
C8: It doesn’t seem likely.
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Long conversations:
13. We had to pass up the Grand Canyon…
a painful break-up
auction site
 Passages
 Be bundled up被绑得严实
 Ill-fated
 memorabilia值得纪念的事物；
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 Test 4
 1-10 A D C C B A B D A D
 11-20 B D B B D B C B B B
 21-25 C C A A B
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26, revealed
27, ordinary
28, reflects
29, considered
30, phenomenon
31, consciously
32. brain
33, soundly
34, sits up
35, without delay
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Part 4 Reading In Depth Section A ：
Selecting words
分值比例为5%
选词填空考查方式:从一篇220字左右的文章中，留出10个单词
的空格，从给出的15个备选单词中选出10个填入空格处，使
文章意思通顺，表达正确。备选单词不可重复使用。
考查重点：考生对词汇的认知和语法的理解。
特点：既考查对词汇意思的掌握，又考查了一些基本的语法
知识点 ，把考查语法知识点融入到选词填空部分 ，要求的
核心词汇量应在2500词左右。
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出题特点
 选词填空文章难度小，与快速阅读相当;大约250个单词的
一篇文章;时间紧，7分钟 = 25 – 18 （18 分钟留给
Section B的两篇常规阅读，一篇9分钟。也可一篇10分钟
。但选词填空题还是要给出7分钟)要求15选10。
 选词填空题主要集中于对实词的考查，具体来说就是动词
、名词、形容词和副词四种词性的单词。动词还有过去式
和原形之分，名词还有单数和复数之分。
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动词 名词 形容词 副词
备选项 5
3
5
2
正确选项 3
2
4
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可以根据前后的单词和句子的语法成分来判断所需填入单
词的词性。 这样一来，选词填空就由表面上的十五选一
迅速简化成了四选一、三选一甚至二选一，解题就变得容
易多了。
从选词填空的命题形式来看，该部分考查的词汇理解不是
孤立的单词理解，而是处于篇章语境中的词汇理解。LOGO
解题技巧
 浏览选项标词性: 直奔选项，标识词性classify the options (1分钟) 根据词
尾判断词性, 根据词根判断词义标词性时的切入点是后缀suffix，也就是词尾
。
 以ion, age, ness, ty, ship, ace, ance, ancy, ence, ency, dom, itude, um,
mony 结尾的大都是名词；
 以ize, ise, fy结尾的大都是动词；
 以ive, ent, ant, ful, ous, able, ary, ic, cal, less结尾的是大都是形容词；
 以ly, s, ways, wise 结尾的大都是副词。
这里有两个问题：
 有的词，做名词和做动词都很常见，没有上下文不好判断，比如 display,
concern, challenge. 这时两个都要标出来，先标你脑子里第一个出现的
词性。
 以ing, ed 结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是分词转变而来的形容词.
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阅读前后猜大意:通读全文把握主题(1分钟)
提醒：就算是通读，也别拿来就把头埋进去傻
读。先居高临下，花5秒钟把短文各个自然段的段
首扫一遍。Banked cloze 的短文（text）第一
句是不允许出题的，它对全文起概括、提示的作
用。所以，一定要认真看懂第一句。
词性配对寻答案选词填空 fill in the gaps (4分钟)
根据语感,意义, 语法, 固定搭配判断, 寻找对应的
线索,分析空缺，确定词性, 如果你留心的话，空
白附近的暗示无处不在。
选出删除结考题 review （1分钟）
速度要快，只看有题的句子即可
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两个基本点：词语搭配和词汇在上下文中的同现复现。
 1. 词语搭配
大家在做选词填空题目的时候不免会遇到觉得两个甚至多个单词都可以用
的情况，实际上这是考查词汇的搭配，可以分为四种：固定短语、主谓搭配、
动宾搭配和修饰搭配。固定短语就是指由动词、名词、形容词和介词或者副词
构成的固定词组，例如be interested in, look forward to, have an eye for等。主谓
搭配是指由名词加动词构成的搭配，例如“问题出现”就是problems arise，而
不会使用rise。动宾搭配是指由动词加名词构成的搭配，例如compare prices就
是一个动宾搭配。修饰搭配是指由形容词加名词，名词加名词，或者动词加副
词构成的修饰性搭配，平时应多积累，定可以提高做题的速度和效率。例如若
空格后为paper，空格中需要填入一个形容词，可以从blank, bare, hollow中进行
选择，想都不用想，当然是blank了，因为这几个词对应的修饰搭配分别是blank
paper，bare hill， hollow tree，也就是说blank意为“空白的”，bare意为“光
秃秃的”，hollow意为“空洞的”，可是如果只记了汉语意思，可能这道题目还
是没法做出，或者做得很慢。
因此，词语搭配，与其说是一个解题技巧，不如说是一种记忆单词的方法
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，或者说是大家在记忆单词时应该把握的一个原则。
两个基本点：词语搭配和词汇在上下文中的同现复现。
 2. 上下文中词汇同现复现
由于语篇本身的逻辑性，在同一语篇中各种相关词汇必
会同时出现(同现)或者反复出现(复现)。选词填空是以篇章为
基础的，因此可以充分利用这一点来提高做题的速度和效率
。词汇同现指有着某种逻辑关系的单词同时出现在同一语篇
中，它可以分为同一语义场同现、修饰同现、因果同现和反
义同现。例如说到“学校”这个语义场，professor, student,
school canteen等单词就会同现，这就是同一语义场同现。 词
汇复现就是指某一个单词的同义、近义、上义、下义、同源
、指代的单词、短语或者句子反复地在文章中出现，来强调
这个概念。这些关系都强调对文章上下文的利用。
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学习侧重点
 从篇章中理解和记忆词汇是词汇学习的较高要求，也是大
家学习词汇的正确方向所在。
 在平时学习单词得过程中，大家不能仅仅满足于记住单词
的汉语意思，而应该要求自己熟练掌握词汇尤其是实词的
语法特性，如单词的词性，常见的搭配，名词的可数不可
数，动词的及物不及物，形容词用来修饰人还是物，副词
是表示状态的还是动作的等等。
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 Section A
 A, C, D, F
 B, N
 E, I, J, K, L, M, O
G
H
 Keys: L, M, D, N, E, G, A, H, K, J
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A, M
B, I
C, G
D, F, L
E, H, J, N
K, O
 Keys:
 J, A, C, O, H, M, E, L, F, I
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A, C, E,
B, H, K, M
D, L
G, J
F, I, N, O
 Keys:
 DK O J A I C M F H
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A, N
B, E, I, K, O
C, G, L, M
D, F, H, J
 Keys:
 C, I, L, O, G, E, B, F, N, J
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一、逻辑关系在阅读中的运用
快速阅读理解能力的提高是有一定方法可循的，为此我们首先提示考生应该尤
其注意文章逻辑关系在快速阅读中的运用。逻辑关系散布在文章的句子内部
、句句之间、以及段落之间。最基本的逻辑关系有以下几种：
1 、因果关系：as a result ，therefore ，hence ，consequently，because
，for ， due to ， hence， consequently 等等。
2 、并列、递进关系：and ， or ， then ，in addition ，besides ，in
other words ，moreover等等
3 、转折关系：however ，but ， yet， in fact等等。
 这些我们其实已经很熟悉的逻辑提示词在文章中起的效果，并非仅仅是衔接
文章的句子，从阅读的角度来看，其实同时在给我们某种提示，告诉我们哪
些句子是有效信息，相对重要的信息，哪些信息是相对不重要的信息，因为
我们在处理文章的时候，有一条清晰的思路，你不是为了完整翻译文章而进
行阅读，而是为了获取主旨来阅读。
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例如样题中的第一段：You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant
and you throw your uneaten food， food wrappers， drink cups，utensils and
napkins into the trash can. You don ‘t think about that waste again. On trash
pickup day in your neighborhood ， you push your can out to the curb ， and
workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don ’t have to
think about that waste again， either. But maybe you have wondered ， as
you watch the trash truck pull away ，
just where that garbage ends up.
我们注意到，在该段尾部出现了“But ”。这里的“But ”，说明作者陈述
的内容的逻辑主旨发生了变化，因此，转折逻辑词之前的信息就变得不
重要了，简单的处理方法是可以仅保留阅读转折词之后的信息。
相应地，并列、递进关系词，意味着它们前后衔接的信息从主旨的体现上
没有发生变化，而更多的表现为前后句子主旨的相似性，所以我们选择
其中的一半进行阅读。这样，在保证了阅读质量的基础上，也极大地提
高了阅读速度。
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二、标点符号在阅读中的运用
可以运用标点符号（破折号、小括号、冒号）了解不认识的词汇或句子的含
义。因为这些标点符号的出现就是为了更进一步地其前的信息。但同时，由
于快速阅读用词相对比较简单，很容易理解和把握标点前的被解释信息，所
以，可以将这些标点符号后面的信息删除，从而更加快速地把握文章的主旨
。
Dump —an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that
is full of various animals（rats， mice ， birds）。（This is most people‘s idea of
a landfill！）
Landfill —carefully designed structure built into or on top of
the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment（
groundwater ， air， rain ）。 This isolation is accomplished with a
bottom liner and daily covering of soil.
注意到在“Dump”、“ Landfill ”之后分别有一个破折号，如果我们已经
明白该标点的意义就在于后面的信息对前者进一步进行解释，那么就可以在
明白这些单词基本含义的基础上，放弃其后信息的阅读，因为，阅读理解，
我们更强调的是对文章主旨信息的把握，而不是具体的细节信息。
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三、特殊信息点在阅读中的运用
所谓“特殊信息点”是指那些很容易在文章中识别的词汇，诸如，时间，数
字，大写字母等形式的语言点。这些形式的表达一方面很容易识别出来，另一方
面，这些信息点的表现的一般都是文章的琐碎信息，对于主旨的理解和把握而言，
不过是更进一步论证而已。因此，可以忽略这些信息的阅读。如果后面测试的题
点中确实涉及到了，再回来细读也无妨，毕竟它们的表现形式非常利于查找和定
位判断。
如样题中“How Is Trash Disposed of”一段中：
The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since
1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash
is recycled or composted， 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried
in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since
1960.
我们注意到上面的描述中充斥了大量的数字性的词汇，可以判断该部分信息
为具体的描述，在处理的时候，可以放弃阅读。
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四、寻读在阅读中的运用
寻读的目的主要是有目标地去找出文中某些特定的信息，也就是说，在对
文章有所了解（即略读）后，在文章中查找与某一问题、某一观点或某一单
词有关的信息，寻找解题的可靠依据。寻读时，要以很快的速度扫视文章，
确定所查询的信息范围。值得庆幸的是，在四级阅读的测试文章中，已经有
了明确的小标题，这就能够帮助我们很快地锁定解题范围。同时，还应该注
意题目中体现出的所查信息的特点。如：问题或填空的句子中涉及到人名、
地名，则主要寻找首字母大写的单词；有关日期、数目的问题，则主要查找
具体数字；有关某个事件、某种观点等，就需要寻找与此相关的关键词，而
与所查信息无关的内容可一掠而过。
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 长篇阅读设置的10个句子并不是按照篇章的行文顺序排列的，而 且
段落数少于10，也就是说有某些段落可以匹配多个单句。根据其考查
的匹配段落来看，考查的信息大部分是对原文某句中个别词的简单替
换或是对整句的同义转述，也有个别信息是对整个段落的综合概括，
这一题 型对考生的阅读速度、查询所需信息的能力提出了更高的要
求，需要考生多加重视。
 长篇阅读属于四级考试新的考查形式，考生要在较短的时间内匹配题
干信息到相关段落的确不容易。这 就要求考生的阅读速度要快，辨
别信息的能力要强，当然，掌握一定的答题技巧也会对考试有所帮助
。考生在 做题时需要注意以下几个方面：
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快速阅读-搭配题
 ①缩小寻找范围。首先要读懂所给的10个句子，找到句子的关键词，
带着这些关键词去浏览全篇文章，找 到它们所涉及的相关内容后，
再研读细节，最终确定此句是否和该段匹配，这样可以减少阅读量，
节省时间。
②注意字句的形式变化。在长篇阅读中寻找相关信息的难度很大
程度上取决于考生对字句形式变化的辨 识能力。需要注意三种变化
形式：题干只对原文中个别单词或词组进行同义改写或转述；题干对
原文中整句话 进行同义改写或转述；题干对原文中几句话或整段内
容进行综合概括或推断。这就对考生的单词量、对某一单 词多重释
义的了解以及对句意的概括或推断能力提出了新要求。
③在首次阅读的过程中如果不能确定某些单句是否与该段落相匹
配，最好做个记号，以便第二次阅读时 更有针对性。第二次阅读的
目的：一是检查已初步确定的段落与单句是否确实匹配；二是完成第
一遍阅读中尚 未解答的题目。
④注意时间的合理使用，不要为确定某个细节问题而浪费大量的
时间。
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Test 3 – reading
36-45
D K O J A I C M F H
46-55
D A I F J C E L I G
56-65
D A C B C D A C A B
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Test 4 – reading
36-45
C I L O G E B F N J
46-55
C I A D G J B F E H
56-65
D A A B B C A C C A
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 阅读能力的提高包括很多因素，文章可以分为段落，段落可以分为句子，句
子可以分为单词。所以提高阅读能力,需要从微观层面扩大单词量，提高句子
理解力，从宏观层面把握段落与文章的框架。而在考前短短的时间内，考生
不可能从单词到框架一步步提高阅读能力了，那么应该怎么办呢？这得从了
解阅读考什么，怎么考开始。

1、细节题
(1)、细节题表现形式
这类题在四级考试中题量较大，占到60%——70%的题量，可以说是四
级考试成败的关键，这类题特点是题干的信息比较具体，考查文章中的重要
细节。细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：

(1)which of the following is not true according to the information in the
passage?

(2) which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

(3) what is the example of . . . as described in the passage?

(4) the author mentions all of the following except . . .

(5) the reason for . . .is . . .

(6) the author states that . . .

(7) according to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) ...
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(2)、细节题解题方法
细节题考查信息查找能力和句子的理解能力。由于考试时间非常
紧张，对于考生来说，做好细节题，首先是要在原文找到相关信息。
正是由于这点，我们看文章需要目的。有同学先看文章再做题，导致
做题时还得回去在文章中寻找相关内容，或者干脆凭着对文章的主观
印象匆忙求解，结果是浪费时间或者错误较多。建议考生先看题干再
看文章，这样就会有方向感，目的感。
 所以，细节题的重要做题方法就是：先看题干，再看原文，带着题干
个别的特有信息或者带着题干的中心话题在原文定位。如“What did
the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to
change his gloves? ”就可以结合handball player这个中心话题在原文
找答案。
四级细节题干有时会有比较明显的信息，如时间数字，专有名词
，中心名词。如考题：What was confirmed by the Boston University
Medical Center’s study?题干中Boston University Medical Center这
个专有名词可以让考生迅速找到考到的原文内容。如果用题干信息在
原文找答案没有结果，可以根据题目的先后顺序来确定大概范围(除
个别例外，四级细节题大体上还是按照出题的先后顺序找答案的)。
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(3)、细节题注意点
考生做细节题时，要注意合理但不正确的选项。很多考生在做题
时，忽视了题目与原文的联系，凭着合理性的主观猜想选择答案。结
果很多考生感觉做得很好，但对答案时发现错了很多。另外，很多表
示程度、范围、频率等的副词或形容词可能会导致选项错误，如考题
出现一个干扰选项是“keep in constant touch with the computer
center”,其中的constant就是选项错误的关键。所以，细节题要求考生
非常细心。
 2、态度题
(1)、态度题表现形式
态度题一般提问方式是：The author’s attitude towards ┄ is
_____.或者是What is the author’s attitude towards ┄ ?
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
(2)、态度题解题方法
从原则上来讲，态度题可以考查作者对一个中心话题的看法，也
可以考查作者对某一具体细节的态度，但是从历年考法来看，四级阅
读更加注重考查文章中心话题。所以，态度题经常可以通过文章主题
来判断作者的态度。如考题，
原文首句：It’s no secret that many children would be healthier
and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature
dealt them.
题目：The author’s attitude towards the judge’s ruling could be
described as______.
A) doubtful B) critical C) cautious D) supportive
全文首句可以体现文章讨论的中心话题，它明确道出了作者的观
点：有时小孩与养父母在一起比与亲生父母在一起更好。而原文中
judge’s ruling的结果就是把小孩判给了养父，所以作者一定会持支持
态度，故选D
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
(3)、态度题注意点
考生应该熟练掌握在态度题中经常出现的单词，如positive,
negative, optimistic, pessimistic, approving, concerned, objective,
compromise等。另外，从以前四级考试的情况来看，作者的态度一
般是或褒或贬，或乐观或担忧，中性评价为正确答案的较少。
3、主旨题
(1)、主旨题表现形式
四级阅读中，主旨题主要可以表现为“What’s the best title for
this passage”；“What is the main idea of the passage”；“The
author’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____”。当然，这些提
问方式可以有很多微小的变化，比如问“The passage is mainly
about___”等等。
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(2)、主旨题解题方法
从理论上来讲，主旨题是四级各类题型中要求最高的，因为它要
求考生看完文章后，能对文章的大概框架作一个宏观把握，从而解答
后面的题目。但是把握文章框架对很多考生来说，是不能做到的。庆
幸的是，一般的四级文章，都可以找到文章主题句，或者是可以体现
文章主题的句子或单词。
文章主题一般在前两段出现，所以考生要比较关注前两段结论性
的语言。四级阅读在全文首句出现文章主题的情况比较多见。另外，
第一段转折性的语言，通常也能体现作者的观点偏好。

(3)、主旨题注意点
如果是考文章主题，那么正确答案一定具有概括性和结论性，细
节性的选项肯定是错的。
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 如考题，
What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A)To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center.
B)To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.
C)To support the statement made by York Onnen.
D)To show the most effective way to lose weight
一看这四个选项，就可以发现A和C里面包含十分具体信息“the
Boston University Medical Center”和“York Onnen”，是利用原文中
的具体话题，某个细节内容而设计的干扰选项。
值得注意的是很多干扰选项还以“以偏概全”的形式出现的，所
以分析时要注意正确答案概括的全面性。而利用扩大主题的范围来设
计干扰选项的方式，在四级中相对较少。为了说明主题，为了论证，
作者会引用一些人讲的话，而这些观点也很可能被考到
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 4、推理题
(1)、推理题表现形式
推理题提问的方式有很多，比如suggest，imply，indicate，
conclude，infer等。然而，suggest，imply和indicate这些单词提问，
这个题目往往按照细节题的方法来处理即可，真正难把握的是
conclude和infer两个单词，这也是四级阅读推理题经常用来提问的方
式。
(2)、推理题解题方法
推理题难度高，不在于推理难，而在于找答案没有方向。比如，
题目可能会问What can be inferred from the passage? What can be
concluded from the passage? 如果我们对历年考题作一个仔细分析
，可以发现conclude和infer还是有些答案查找的方向的。
Conclude提问的题目，一般会涉及原文中结论性，观点性的语言
，尤其是段落首末的句子。而infer提问的题目，如果题干信息比较多
比较具体，一般可以当作细节题来处理，如果题干信息比较少，则考
查原文观点结论的语言比较多，甚至考文章主题。
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
(3)、推理题注意点
很多考生在做推理题时，有一种思维误区，认为一个选项与原文
相去越远，就越可能是正确答案，所以在找不到原文的依据时，就随
心所欲地推导。其实，很多情况下，推理题的正确答案相差并不大，
不应把这类题想得太难了。比如题目：
It can be inferred from the passage that____.
A)killing foxes with poison is illegal
B)limiting the fox population is unnecessary
C)hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent
D)fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor
and the rich
正确答案选择C，而原文相关信息是：┄ because they think it is
brutal(残酷的) ┄
(原文已经给出brutal的含义)。可见两者相差并不大。
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5、词汇题
(1)、词汇题表现形式
词汇题一般会明确地告诉考生出题点在哪里，不需要考生查找所
考查内容。它可以考一个单词的含义，一个词组的意思，或者考一个
句子的弦外之音。
(2)、词汇题解题方法
词汇题是考生得分率较低的一类题，因为它需要考生从上下文中
进行分析，推敲单词背后的意思。问单词或词组的意思，加强调上下
文逻辑分析；有时用转折逻辑，但更多是利用并列逻辑，比如考题，
原文：This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a
dream must learn to live there.
60. “Shadowland”in the last sentence refers to .
A) the wonderland one often dreams about
B) the bright future that one is looking forward to
C) the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached
D) a world that exists only in one's imagination
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
此题解法有多种，其中可以利用并列关系来求解。首先，and后
面的句子告诉我们“任何有梦想的人必须要学会在那里生活”，这暗
含了“那里”不好的环境。再从and可知，两个分句的逻辑是一致的
，据此Shadowland也应该是不利的环境，故选择C项。
考句子的含义，查找答案的方向还得做一个细分：如果句子简单
，一般在上下文中寻找答案；如果句子复杂，则更加倾向于在句子内
部找答案。
(3)、词汇题注意点
如果考简单词，正确答案会与该单词的常用意思没有多大关系；
如果考难词，感觉很难有分析的线索时，就把四个选项代到原文中，
使得原文逻辑正确，意思同学的为正确答案；如果考句子的含义而导
致分析完全没有思路时，不妨结合文章问题来分析，可以体现主题，
或与主题的逻辑一致，一般就是答案。
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
综合上面各种题型的分析，可以发现题干反映题型，题型反映考
查重点，重点体现阅读原文的方向。另外，从文章本身来讲，考试的
形式可以变化，文章的长短可以变化，段落的多少可以变化，但是考
试的本质似乎没有改变。比如，考查观点性的语言，考查涉及逻辑关
系的地方，比如因果关系，比较关系，并列关系，转折关系等。所以
，我们要结合这些考查重点，培养一些“考试的眼光”，培养原文中
相关语言点的感觉
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Test 1
56. C
57. A
58. C
59. B
60. C
61. B
62. D
63. D
64. C
65. D
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Test 2
56. B
57. D
58. C
59. B
60. C
61. B
62. A
63. C
64. C
65. A
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Test 3
56. D
57. A
58. C
59. B
60. C
61. D.
62. A
63. C
64. A
65. B
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Test 4
56. D
57. A
58. A
59. B
60. B
61. C
62. A
63. C
64. C
65. A
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 翻译同样是这次四级考试改革的一个重大变化，其分值比例由原来的
5%调整为15%,考试时长由原来 的5分钟调整为30分钟。以前的四级
考试大纲中并未将翻译作为一个独立的技能进行考核，翻译部分主要
考 核学生运用正确的词汇和语法结构的能力。而现在由单句翻译改
为段落翻译，显然提高了对翻译能力的要 求，从对“点”的考查转
变为对“面”的考查，这不仅要求考生有良好的词汇和语法基础，也
要求考生能够合 理拆分、组合段落信息，最终按照英语的惯用思维
翻译出整个段落，对很少练习翻译的考生来说这道题很 可能成为失
分的地方
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 Test 1
 The Mid-autumn Festival is one of the Chinese traditional festivals
held on the 15h day of the 8th lunar month. It’s said that the moon is
at its brightest and roundest on that day. There are many legends
about this festival, among which Chang E flying to the moon is the
most well-known. Although customs differ in different districts,
enjoying the beautiful moon is the most popular activity. On that
day when the moon rises, all the family members will sit around the
table to talk and enjoy the glorious full moon as well as the fruits and
desserts such as moon cakes, pomegranates and dates.
LOGO
 Test 2
 China’s economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it
a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day. At
the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young
people who enjoy capitalist consumption way. They’re used to
spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are
called “the moonlight group”. This word came into being during the
1990s, to make fun of those born into wealth, who have received a
high education, and who appreciate fast food culture.
LOGO
 Test 3
 The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, falls on
the 5th day of the 5th month according to Chinese lunar calendar.
Many legends circulate around the festival but the most popular is
the legend of Qu Yuan. Qu was a minister of the State of Chu
during the Warring States Period. He was upright, loyal and highly
esteemed for his wise counsel that brought peace and prosperity to
the state. However, the emperor gradually made Qu disappointed.
He drowned himself in the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth
lunar month.
LOGO
 Test 4
 For global app developers, entering China, the world’s largest smart
phone market is providing to be vexing. App makers must navigate
dozens of app retail stores with looser rules than in the U. S., fend
off a proliferation of cloned apps, and steer around a thicket of
regulations and intense competition form local developers.
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 桂林在广西的北部，市区人口60多万，以风景美丽而著称。如果你来
到桂林，你将知道那里的水是多么的清，那里的山是多么的绿。每年
许多游客慕名而来。你可以乘游船看漓江风光，也可乘免费巴士参观
市区各景点。来到桂林，你一定会玩得很愉快。
 Guilin is in the north of Guangxi. The population in the city of Guilin
is more than six hundred thousand. There are famous and beautiful
sceneries in Guilin. If you come to Guilin, you will know how clear
the water is and how green the hills are. Every year many tourists
come to Guilin for a visit. You can take a boat to see the scenes of
the Lijiang River. You can also visit the scenic spots in the city on
free buses. You will enjoy yourself if you go to Guilin.
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 泼水节在四月中旬，节日持续三到五天。节日期间，家家户户都在门
上贴上彩色剪纸。所有的村民都穿上节日盛装。为准备宴会，人们杀
牛宰羊，准备美味的糯米饼、米粉、米酒。节日期间会举行各种各样
的娱乐活动，包括唱歌跳舞、燃放烟花和划船比赛等。但是泼水仍然
是最受欢迎的活动。
 The Water-Splashing Festival is in mid-April and lasts three to five
days. During the festival, the door of every home is decorated with
multicolored paper-cuts. All the villagers dress in their holiday best.
Sheep and cows are slaughtered for feasting, plus delicious
glutinous rice cakes, rice noodles, and rice wine. The occasion is
marked by a variety of entertainment, including singing and dancing,
fireworks-displaying and boat-racing. But the most popular event is
still water-splashing.
LOGO
 随着时间的推移，中国的时尚发生了巨大的变化。随着70年代后期衣
着标准的改变，中国人的着装方式和时尚潮流也在变化。现代城市人
穿衣似乎特别迷恋品牌。在像上海这样的大都市里，人们越来越喜欢
西式打扮。街上的成人更青睐休闲装而不是正装。青少年喜爱的是品
牌和西式服装。儿童通常穿点缀着卡通人物的衣服。
 Chinese fashion has drastically changed over time. Following the
relaxation of clothing standards in the late 70s, the way Chinese
dressed and the fashion trends of the country were also changing.
Contemporary urban clothing seemed to have developed an
obsession with brand names. In major urban centers, especially
Shanghai, an increased western look is preferred, and there is an
emphasis on casual wear over formal wear for adults on the streets.
Teenagers prefer brand names and western clothing. Children
usually wear clothes decorated with cartoon characters.
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 中国是闻名世界的“美食王国”。中国的饮食文化历史悠久，博大精
深。得益于几千年的传承与发展，中国饮食已成为一个完整的、特色
鲜明的文化体系，并且从中衍生出茶文化、酒文化等其他文化。中国
地大物博，且各地历史文化差异较大，因此形成了各具特色的不同菜
系。从精工细做的宫廷宴席到地方小吃，无不反映出中国人对美食的
追求和精湛的厨艺。
 China is a world-renowned “Culinary Kingdom.” With a time-honored
history, Chinese food culture is extensive and profound. Thanks to
the constant development and improvement in the past several
thousand years, Chinese cuisine has established a complete culture
system with unique characteristics, which has given birth to tea
culture and wine culture. The great differences in the climate,
geographical environment, and historical and cultural development
of different regions help various styles of cuisine to be formed, each
having its own distinct characteristics. Both meticulously prepared
imperial dishes and local snacks reflect the Chinese people’s pursuit
of delicacies and the marrow of unique Chinese cooking techniques.
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 作为一个拥有五千年文明史的国家，中国历来重视教育的发展，有着
尊师重教的悠久传统。中国古代教育不仅在传承和发展中华文明的过
程中发挥了重要作用，而且对世界文明也做出了巨大贡献。一九四九
年新中国建立以后，中国教育进入了一个崭新的阶段。中国政府把发
展教育放在首位，推动科教兴国战略，深化教育改革并取得了巨大成
就。
 With a 5,000-year history of civilization, China is a nation that has
been stressing the importance of education and has a long tradition
of respecting teachers and honoring the teaching profession.
Ancient Chinese education not only plays a significant role in the
passing down and development of Chinese civilization, but also
makes tremendous contributions to the civilization of the world.
Since the founding of New China in 1949, Chinese education has
stepped into an entirely new stage. The Chinese government has
placed priority on developing education, putting forward the strategy
of revitalizing the country through science and education, making
constant efforts to deepen the reform of educational system and
achieving great progress.
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 新中国成立特别是改革开放以来，我国教育发展取得了举世瞩目的成就。我
们开辟了中国特色社会主义教育发展道路，建成了世界最大规模的教育体系
，有力保障了亿万人民群众受教育的权利。进入新世纪，我们以推进教育公
平为重点，加快教育改革和发展，城乡免费九年义务教育全面普及，农村教
育得到加强，职业教育快速发展，高等教育进入大众化阶段，教师队伍素质
明显提高。
 Since the founding of New China, particularly since the drive of reform and
opening up, China’s educational development has scored achievements
that have caught the world’s attention. We have blazed a path of socialist
educational development with Chinese characteristics, established an
educational system with the largest scale in the world, and effectively
ensured the right of hundreds of millions of people to receive education.
Entering the new century, we have focused on promoting fair education for
all, accelerated educational reform and development, and comprehensively
popularized the nine-year compulsory education in urban and rural areas.
Rural education has been strengthened. Professional education has
enjoyed rapid development. Higher education has reached a stage of
popularity. The quality of teachers has been improved significantly.
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 中国艺术经历了几千年的历史变更。多种多样的艺术形式受到伟大的
哲学家、教育家、宗教人士及政治领导人的影响。从最早的石器时期
到公元1500年的明朝，中国艺术家们钟爱着相同的主题，他们对自然
、动物、花草、岩石、水流充满兴趣。他们想表达的是人与自然间的
关系。
 中国文学发展绵延几千年，从最早的断代史文档到成熟的明清小说，
涌现出许多伟大的作家和杰出的作品。中国现代文学始于一场呼吁使
用白话文写作的文学运动，为中国文学语言的发展开辟了新的方向。
鲁迅被认为是现代中国白话文学的奠基人。
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 Chinese art has varied throughout its history. Different forms of art
have been influenced by great philosophers, teachers, religious
figures and even political leaders. From the earliest Stone Age to
the Ming Dynasty in 1500 AD, Chinese artists were enamored with
nature: animals, trees, flowers, rocks, water. Chinese artists wanted
to express the relationship between people and nature.
 Chinese literature extends thousands of years, from the earliest
recorded dynastic court archives to the sophisticated fictional novels
that arose during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There appear many
great writers and outstanding works. Modern Chinese literature
started from a new movement called for using the vernacular
language (白话文) as the written language, which developed a new
direction for Chinese literature and language. The author Lu Xun is
considered the founder of baihua literature in China.
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 医疗保健是中国最为重要的一项民生问题。为解决当前医疗卫生体系
中的种种弊端，为老百姓提供基本医疗卫生保健服务，中国政府正逐
步推行全民医疗保险制度。解决农村人口和贫困家庭的医疗保险问题
是整个医保改革的重中之重。传统中药以其鲜明的中国特色成为基本
药物制度中的一大亮点。
 Medical care is one of the most important livelihood issues in China.
In order to provide basic healthcare for every citizen，the Chinese
central government has launched a universal healthcare reform
targeting the problems of the current healthcare system. The
medical insurance for rural populations and poor families features
pre-eminently on the reform agenda. Traditional Chinese medicine
has been highlighted with distinct Chinese characteristics in the
basic drug system.
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 过去的三十年见证了中国城市与乡村翻天覆地的变化。随着国民经济
的发展，中国正在进一步推进城市化进程。这些城市风格迥异，各具
特色，有的景致优美，有的历史悠久，，也有些城市成就骄人。与城
市相比，中国的乡村更具田园风情，自然美丽。随着建设社会主义新
农村政策的推广，城市与乡村生活的差别在日渐缩小，人们期待着乡
村更大的变化。The past thirty years has witnessed titanic changes
both in cities and in the countryside of China. With the development
of the national economy, China is pushing forward its process of
urbanization. In all the cities, a variety of features can be seen for
their scenic beauty, historic interest, as well as great achievements.
Each has its unique characteristics. In contrast to the cities, the
countryside in China is more idyllic, full of natural beauty. With the
implementation of the policy of building the new socialist
countryside, the gap of people’s living standard between the cities
and the countryside is narrowing, and more changes are expected.
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 北京位于华北平原北端，西、北、南三面环山。北京的气候属于温带
大陆性气候，四季分明：春季短，夏季潮湿多雨，秋季气候宜人，冬
季寒冷漫长。以紫禁城为中心，一条中轴线自北向南穿过，中轴线的
两边是街道、商店和居民区。蜿蜒的河流、美丽的园林、古老而庄严
的祭坛和寺庙遍布城中，这些都为北京增添了对称之美。Situated on
the north edge of the North China Plain, Beijing is sheltered by
chain upon chain of mountains to the west, north and east. Beijing’s
temperate continental climate produces four clearly contrasted
seasons: a short spring, rainy and humid summer, long and cold
winter, and a very pleasant autumn. With the Forbidden City at the
center, there is a central axis running through it from north to south,
on either side of which are streets, shops and residential houses.
Winding rivers, beautiful gardens, and ancient and solemn sacrificial
altars and temples are scattered all over the city, adding beauty to
its symmetrical pattern.
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 在悠久的发展过程中，中国古代建筑逐渐形成了以木结构、石材雕刻
、夯土结构和拱形结构等工艺为特色的风格。从唐朝开始，中国建筑
就对朝鲜、越南和日本的建筑风格有着重要的影响。从布局和建造方
面看，中国古代无论是民居，还是皇室和宗教建筑，无不体现了中国
人的世界观，比如说风水和道家思想。勤劳的中国人民创造了诸如长
城、紫禁城、秦始皇陵等建筑史上的奇迹。近年来，许多新颖宏大的
建筑和工程，如国家体育馆、国家大剧院和三峡工程等也在中国大地
上拔地而起。
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 During its long-standing development, ancient Chinese architecture
gradually formed into a style which featured timberwork combining
stone carving, rammed earth construction, bucket arch buildings
and many other techniques. Since the Tang Dynasty, Chinese
architecture has had a major influence on the architectural styles of
Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. Chinese architecture used concepts
from Chinese cosmology such as fengshui and Taoism to organize
construction and layout from common residences to imperial and
religious structures. Industrious Chinese people created many
architectural miracles such as the Great Wall, Forbidden City and
the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang. In recent years, many novel and
great buildings and projects have been set up, such as Beijing
National Stadium, China’s National Grand Theatre and Three
Gorges Project.
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 都江堰（Du Jiangyan Irrigation System）位于成都平原西部的岷江上，修建
于公元前256年的战国时期。都江堰建成之前，岷江时常洪水泛滥，而上游
地区却干旱缺水。人们没有修建大坝阻隔江水，而是采用疏导之法，将岷江
分成无数的灌溉渠（irrigation canals），滋润四川各地。更难得的是，在
2008年5月12日发生的里氏（Richter scale）8.0级的汶川大地震中，尽管周
围的古建筑和民居受损严重，临近震中的都江堰水利工程居然保存完好。
 The Du Jiangyan Irrigation System is located along the Min River in the
plains west of Chengdu. The project was completed during the Warring
states Period in 256 BC. Before the system was constructed, the Min River
often flooded the lowlands, but didn’t relieve the upper reaches of droughts.
The river was diverted by splitting it rather than blocked by building a great
dam. This controlled the flooding and myriad of irrigation canals, flowing
throughout the whole of Sichuan Province. Incredibly, the irrigation system
survived the earthquake in Sichuan, which occurred on May 12th, 2008.
Many buildings and residences in the nearby area suffered extremely heavy
damage as a result of the quake which registered 8.0 on the Richter scale.
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 在人类漫长的发展历史上，中国在文学、艺术、科学和技术方面取得
了巨大的成就。科学发现和技术发明几乎涵盖所有领域，突出地表现
在天文、数学、农业和医学领域。古代的四大发明和现代的航天技术
对人类的生活产生了巨大的影响，也促进了人类文明的进步。
 In the long history of human development, China has made great
achievements in art, literature, science and technology. Scientific
discoveries and technical inventions have abounded all areas,
especially in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, agriculture and
medicine. Both the four great inventions in ancient China and space
exploration in modern China have exerted huge influence on human
life, and have promoted the progress of human civilization.
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 有人说，长城是凝固的历史，大运河是流动的文化。大运河和长城，是中国
古代的两大工程奇迹，是中华民族文化身份的象征。人们还常把黄河比喻为
中华民族的母亲河；把运河比作中华民族的生命之河、智能之河。那是因为
大运河是世界上开凿时间最早、规模最大、里程最长的运河。它是中国悠久
历史的缩影，是中国人民智慧和勤劳的结晶，是中华民族弥足珍贵的物质和
精神财富，是中华文明传承发展的纽带。
 It is said that the Great Wall is the solidification of history, while the Grand
Canal is the flow of culture. Grand Canal and the Great Wall are China’s
two major works of ancient wonders, and also the symbols of the Chinese
cultural identity. Similarly, people often compare the Yellow River to Mother
River of the Chinese nation; the Grand Canal to the river of life and the river
of intelligence for the Chinese. That is because the Grand Canal is the
earliest excavated, the largest and longest canal mileage in the world. It is
the epitome of China’s long history, the crystallization of the wisdom and
diligence of the Chinese people, the precious material and spiritual wealth
of Chinese nation, and the link between inheritance and development of
Chinese civilization.
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比较
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1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
6.Like anything else, it has its faults.
8.A bears some resemblances to B.
9.However, the same is not applicable to B.
10.A and B differ in several ways.
11.Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
12.People used to think ..., but things are different now.
13.The same is true of B.
14.Wondering as A is, it has its drawbacks.
15.It is true that A ..., but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
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批驳
 1.It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
 2.There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a
more important fact.
 3.Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
 4.Many of us have been under the illusion that...
 5.A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
 6.It makes no sense to argue for ...
 7.Too much stress placed on ...may lead to ...
 8.Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...
 9.Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...
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后果
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1.It may give rise to a host of problems.
2.The immediate result it produces is ...
3.It will exercise a profound influence upon...
4.Its consequence can be so great that...
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举例
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1.A good case in point is ...
2.As an illustration, we may take ...
3.Such examples might be given easily.
4....is often cited as an example.
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证明
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1.No one can deny the fact that ...
2.The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3.Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
4.Recent studies indicate that ...
5.There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
6.According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...
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开篇
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1.No one can deny the fact that ...
2.The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3.Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
4.Recent studies indicate that ...
5.There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
6.According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...
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结尾
 1.From what has been discussed above, we can draw the
conclusionthat ...
 2.It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...
 3.It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
 4.In conclusion, it is imperativethat ...
 5.There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.
 6.To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...
 7.In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue,
more problems will crop up.
 8.With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved
thoroughly.
 9.We might do more than identify the cause ;it is important to take
actions to ...
 10.Taking all these into account, we ...
 11.Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is
certain/clear...
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 The Harm of PC Games
Idea 1: a distraction from study……/distract attention from study
low attendance/ resit/drop out of
Idea 2: costly/expenses/making their ends meet/burdent
Idea3: visual world/distort point of view/violent or sexy
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 The Popularity of Microblog
 1. Microblog is an online instant notepad or a frequently updated
personal page.
 -exchange information
 -reveal inner voice
 -collect and share thoughts
 -convey information
 2. the Internet which provides a platform for the rise and popularity
of microblog.
 -no professional knowledge
 -covers all kinds of topics from daily life to political forums, from
individual thoughts to world events.
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 Plagiarism is not unusual. The protection of microblog copyright
cannot be guaranteed.
 Contents are in a mess.
 Microblog still has a long way to go before it becomes mature.
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 Benefits and Challenges of Online Shopping

With the popularity of the Internet, more and more people are inclined to
choose online shopping. Not only could people select their favorite
commodities such as clothes, food, cell phones through the Internet, but
also they could enjoy some services of remote learning, online payment,
online booking and so on.

Online shopping has its particular advantages which are hardly found in
the traditional shopping. For one thing, it is a desirable way to save much
time for shopping. People needn’t spend a whole daytime to lounge from
one store to another for the shopping. For another, online commodities
tend to be cheaper than their counterparts because the cost of online store
is usually lower than a conventional one. But online shopping also confronts
many new challenges which include the inconvenience of remote
transaction, lack of effective supervision and the risk of virtual platform.

I believe that online shopping will appeal to more consumers in the near
future, though it is still far from perfection and satisfaction now. All those
challenges it faces will be the best motive for its advancement.
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 TV Dating

Recently, TV dating shows produced by some of China’s
provincial satellite TV stations have become very popular. With the
success of Jiangsu Satellite TV’s “If You Are the One”, some other
TV stations have been making their own dating programs. These
programs have generated debate among the viewers.

Some audiences think that these programs may have a bad effect
on young people.. They are worried about the money worship
showed by a few female participants. Watched by millions, one
female participant from Beijing once rejected a suitor by saying she
would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle. Some other
audiences support these programs. They hold on the opinion that
no TV shows can fully reflect social reality and that the money
worship of a few participants does not represent mainstream in
Chinese society. People daring to express their love values in
public should be considered as social progress.
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
In my opinion, the popularity of the TV dating programs can be
employed as an opportunity to advocate positive values of love and
marriage. After all, most people disapprove of the idea of money
worship.
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Good Luck!
Thank you!
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