Starter #2: Monday 10/1
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Chapter 6 The Progressives 1 Starter #2: Monday 10/1 Read “How the Other Half Lives” on page 170 Why do you think immigrants would have had to live in such awful conditions? What was the title of the book that both described the conditions that Riis and helped him in his fight to improve them? 2 Starter #2: Monday 10/3 Read the American Literature on page 176 What dangers to workers and to food does Sinclair describe? What does The Jungle suggest about reasons workers formed unions? 3 What was Progressivism? Progressivism: Arose to address many of the social problems that industrialization created (progressives) 1. Improve living conditions for the poor 2. Questioned power and practices of big business 3. Government to be more honest and responsive to people’s needs REFORM SOCIETY, WORKPLACE, GOVERNMENT 4 Muckrakers Reformed-minded writers First to expose many of the social ills “raked up” exposed filth of society Ida Tarbell – Standard Oil Wrote about: business & political corruption, child labor, slum conditions, racial discrimination 5 Reforming Society Cities failed to provide: garbage collection, safe housing, police/fire protection HOUSING Tenement Act 1901 Forced landlords to install lighting in public hallways, provide at least one toilet per 2 families, outhouses were banned Improved health – 15 years, death rate dropped in NYC 6 Society 1909 – Ida Wells-Barnett, WEB Du Bois, Jane Addams, and many others founded NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Fight for the rights of African Americans Fought segregation & stereo types ADL – Anti-Defamation League Fight anti-Semitism toward Jews 7 Starter #3: Tuesday 10/2 Read page 173. Answer the question under Drawing Conclusions. 8 9 10 Reforming the Workplace Labor unions fight for men – Progressives started the fight for women & children Wanted to prohibit child labor and limit the number of hours women were forced to work Paid very low wages – 40% working class in poverty Fought for minimum wage – National government did not pass until 1938 11 Workplace Lochner v. New York (1905) – limit work day Court refused to uphold a law limiting bakers to a 10 hour workday saying it denied workers their right to contract with their employees Muller v. Oregon (1908) Limited women to 10 hour workday, hurt their health 12 The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire Turning point for reform Read and look at the picture on pages 172174 13 Unions Fought for better working conditions AFL (American Federation of Labor) ILGWU (International Ladies Garment Workers Union) Skilled Workers Unskilled Workers Success brief, strikes failures, government cracked down on activities 14 Reforming the Government GOAL: Eliminate government corruption & make government more efficient City Reforms Ohio, Texas, Council-Manager Model (pg. 174) State Reforms Campaign spending, Regulate railroads & utilities 15 Election Reforms Make more fair & politicians more accountable to voters 17th Amendment: voters directly elect US Senators Secret Ballot Initiative Referendum Voters put a proposed law on ballot for approval Voters put a recently passed law on ballot to reject or reapprove Recall Voters can remove elected official by calling a special election (end of section 1) 16 Starter #3: Tues 10/2 Read The Inside Story on page 177 What barriers did Alberta Virginia Scott and Otelia Cromwell break in the late 1800s? What profession did both women go into after graduating from college? 17 Opportunities for Women SKIP Education, employment, community 1833 Oberline College in Ohio became the first to admit women 1870 20% college students were women 1900 33% college students were women Upper/Middle Class Still denied many opportunities Training grounds for political activism 18 Employment SKIP Teachers, nurses, bookkeepers, typists, secretaries, shop clerks Journalists & artists – to appeal to the American public Working class women Garment Industry Employers assumed women were single and supported by their fathers Justified why they paid them lower 19 Starter #4: Wed 10/3 Look at the Political Cartoon on page 181 How do the words change as the stairs lead up to the top? What point is the cartoonist trying to make with this cartoon? 20 Gaining Political Experience Women backbone to Progressive Era Children’s Heath & Welfare End child labor, improve health, promote education 21 Prohibition Ban on making, selling, and distributing alcoholic beverages Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Carry Nation Claimed alcohol was responsible for crime, poverty, and violence against women and children Hatchet & Bible smashed up saloons 18th Amendment – Confirmed Prohibition 1919 So unpopular repealed in 1933 22 Civil Rights SKIP African American women fought all same things + discrimination National Association of Colored Women Campaigned against poverty, segregation, & lynchings 23 What does Suffrage mean??? It does not mean “suffering!!” It’s actually a “good” word It means… the right to vote! 24 Rise of Women’s Suffrage Movement 1848 meeting Senecca Falls – would take 72 years…. 15th Amendment Gave African American men the right to vote after the Civil War Cannot deny the right to vote based on “account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” 25 Video Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvk1NZ DFvZU Mary Poppins Sister Suffragette http://www.hulu.com/watch/60255/acelebration-of-womens-history-thewomens-rights-movement-then-and-now News program 1998 – 150 Anniversary of Senecca Falls 26 Women Organize National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA) Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B Anthony Campaigned right to vote & other women issues American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) Focused only on voting rights by going state to state 27 Susan B. Anthony Wrote pamphlets, gave speeches Arrested for “knowingly, wrongfully and unlawfully” voting Read excerpt page 181 1872 registered to vote & voted Fined $100, she refused to pay Court claimed citizenship does not = the right to vote 28 Anti-Suffrage Arguments Voting inferred with women’s duties at home Destroy families Did not have the education or experience Women didn’t want to vote – don’t force them to Liquor industries feared women would support Prohibition Food & Drug safety Worker & child safety Church claimed marriage sacred bond where it should be led by man 29 Merge! National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Susan B Anthony president 1892-1900 Anthony died in 1906 “Failure is impossible” Only one signer from Seneca Falls was alive in 1920 when the 19th Amendment was passed She was 92 (end of section 2) 30 Starter #5: Thurs 10/4 Read the Inside Story: “Cowboy or Politician” on page 183 What are two accomplishments that no one could have predicted of Roosevelt when he was a shy, sickly 9 year old? What tragedies did Roosevelt have to deal with when he was 26? 31 Starter #4: Thursday 9/30 Look at the Bully Pulpit on page 185 What does the reference to big business mean? What does the cartoon say about Roosevelt’s efforts? Explain. 32 Teddy Roosevelt Huge energetic reformer, Progressive Republicans tried to get him out of power Nominated him for vice president McKinley shot 1901 - Became president! 42 years old, youngest President Most Presidents took hands off approach Bully Pulpit: powerful platform to publicize important issues and seek support for his policies 33 The Coal Strike of 1902 Read page 184 First time federal government intervened in a strike to PROTECT the interests of the WORKERS & public 34 Square Deal 1904 Campaign slogan “see that each person is given a square deal, because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less.” Limit power of trusts, promote public health, safety, & working conditions 35 Regulating BIG Business Quote – page 184 Companies should behave responsible! 36 Trust-Busting 3 railroad tycoons combined to form Northern Securities Company Roosevelt claimed it violated the Sherman AntiTrust Act Total monopoly over railroads Court upheld Led to a WATERSHED Size of trust didn’t matter: was it good or bad for the American public?? Sold inferior products, competed unfairly, corrupted public officials 37 Regulating Railroads RR gave rebates to large customers Elkins Act Hurt small businesses & farmers Prohibited rebates, all customers paid same rates for shipping their products Hepburn Act Set maximum railroad rates 38 Protecting Consumers Food & Drug companies Read excerpt on page 186 Wilson Report Meat Inspection Act Selling dangerous products to an unknowing public Federal inspection of meat shipped across state lines Pure Food & Drug Act Forbade the sale of products with harmful ingredients 39 Environmental Conservation Late 1800s people acted as if US had unlimited supply of natural resources Roosevelt claimed each generation has a duty to protect & conserve (187) John Muir – naturalist who worked with Roosevelt Newlands Reclamation Act Create irrigation projects to make dry lands productive 40 Conservation Gifford Pinchot Forest Service Added 150 million acres to national forests Antiquities Act Scientific management of natural resources was crucial Created 18 national monuments **Environmental conservation is one of Roosevelt’s greatest legacies… 41 Video Clip http://www.history.com/videos/americagoes-dry-with-prohibition#theodoreroosevelts-acts-and-legacy Meat packing & conservation Progressives (end of section 3) 42 Starter #5: Monday 10/4 2nd Page – Label it Quarter 1 Week 7 Read The Inside Story, Can Politics and Friendship Mix? on page 189 How were Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft different? Why did Roosevelt soon regret the support that he had given Taft during the election? 43 Chapter 6 Section 4 Taft and Wilson BACKGROUND Election of 1908 won by huge margin Supported Roosevelt’s reform movement Created Department of Labor 16th Amendment: Power to levy taxes based on individual's income Lost support of Progressive Republicans because of bill on tariffs Alienated Conservation supporters as well 44 Split in the Republican Party Roosevelt campaigned in 1910 congressional election for New Nationalism Set of laws to protect workers, ensure public health, and regulate business Did not win, which caused more splits in the party Election 1912, Republicans supported Taft, Progressive split into own party “Bull Moose” nominated Roosevelt 45 Wilson’s New Freedom BACKGROUND Zealous Reformer New Freedom: Platform that called for tariff reductions, banking reform, and stronger antitrust legislation 46 Tariff Reduction Underwood Tariff Act: Lower tariffs at lowest level in 50 years Income tax to make up for lost money 47 Banking Reform Federal Reserve Act: Created a central fund from which banks could borrow to prevent collapse during a financial panic 3 Tier Banking System 48 Stronger Anti-Trust Sherman Act not strong enough Clayton Antitrust Act: clarified and extended Sherman Companies could not buy stock of competing companies in order to form a monopoly Federal Trade Commission 1915: Enforced antitrust laws and got tough on companies that used deceptive advertising 49 Women Gain the Vote BACKGROUND NAWSA favored state by state approach, yet took too long Alice Paul, formed Nat’l Women’s Party Focused on passage of the Amendment, used tactics from Britain 19th Amendment passed in 1920, gave women full voting rights 50 Progressivism and the Rights of African Americans Not many new rights Brownsville Incident 1906: Not until 1972 were records changed Wilson, bad record with civil rights: Opposed federal laws against Lynching Allowed segregation in offices Felony for blacks & whites to marry in DC 51 WWI brought End to Progressive Era Wilson’s 2nd Term completely devoted to the war 52 Homework Page 193 #1 a, c #2 b, c #3 a #4 b 53 Starter #6: Tuesday 10/5 Look at the cartoon on page 194 Describe what is going on in the political cartoon. Do you think the artist sees the work of muckrakers as positive or negative? Explain. 54 Starter #7: Wednesday 10/6 REVIEW #1 Define initiative, referendum, & recall. #2 What effect did the 15th amendment have on women’s voting rights? #3 Define Bully Pulpit & the Square Deal. #4 What were the 16th & 19th amendments? 55 Starter #8: Friday 10/8 Reflect about the test yesterday… How do you think you did? What was the easiest part? What was the hardest part? What is something that you should have studied but you didn’t? 56
