Chapter 12
REUNIFICATION AND RENAISSANCE IN
CHINESE CIVILIZATION: THE ERA OF THE
TANG AND SONG DYNASTIES
DAY 1
Day 1
Chapter 9 Quiz
Homework
 Complete Chapter 14 by Nov. 16/17
 Essay #2 Due by Nov. 16/17.
 Day 1
 Dialectical Journal: In Depth: Artistic Expression and Social
Values (Due 11/10, 11/15)
 Day 2
 Dialectical Journal: In Depth: Comparing Feudalisms (Due
11/18, 11/19)
Essay #2
CAN BE FOUND ON THE CLASS WEBSITE.
Essay #2 Instructions
 Choose ONE (1) of the following topics to write on.
 Make sure I know which one you are writing on
somewhere on your final draft.
 I will only need the final draft submitted.
 I encourage you to still follow the writing process
(brainstorm, outline, first draft) and have a peer read
over your work before you submit it for a grade.
 Your essay is due NO LATER than Nov. 16/17.
Essay #2 Topics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Explain the spread of science and technology across Eurasia due to the existence of
Dar al-Islam.
Compare the political institutions of two of the following empires: Tang-Song, Dar alIslam, Western Europe, Byzantine Empire.
Compare the technological and scientific achievements in two of the following
societies: Classical China, Classical Rome, Classical India, Classical Africa. Include
information about their level of technological development, the use of technology, and
the societal attitude toward innovation.
Compare the effects of three of the nomadic migrations of the following on the settled
societies into which they migrated: Aztecs, Mongols, Turks, Vikings, Bantu.
To what extent was the Indian Ocean region a coherent, connected “whole” in the
postclassical era? Consider political, economic, social, and cultural examples.
How did the consolidation of political empires in the post-classical empires affect the
status of women? Choose two of the following to analyze: Tang – Song; Aztec; Mali and
Songhay, Dar al-Islam, Mongol Khanates.
Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of being a part of a tributary empire for (1)
Japan, Korea, and Vietnam under the Chinese; (2) Russia under the Tartars; and (3)
peoples of Central America under the Aztecs.
Comparing dynasties
YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO ANALYZE AND
EVALUATE THE DIFFERENCES AMONG THE
CHINESE DYNASTIES.
THE HISTORY OF THE TANG AND SONG
DYNASTIES SHOULD BE STUDIED IN LIGHT
OF THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE RENAISSANCE
OF CHINESE CIVILIZATIONS.
YOU SHOULD FOCUS ON THE ECONOMIC,
POLITICAL, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL
ASPECTS OF THESE DYNASTIES.
 Play The Chinese Dynasty Song.mp4
 C:\Documents and Settings\MurphJD\Desktop\AP World
History\Course Review
Chinese Dynasties: From beginning to Song…
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Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE - 1027 BCE
Zhou (Chou) Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE
Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty 221 BCE - 206 BCE
Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 220AD
Sui Dynasty 589 AD - 618 AD
Tang Dynasty 618 AD - 907 AD
Sung (Song) Dynasty 969 AD - 1279 AD
Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE - 1027 BCE
 First organized river society
 Huang He river
 Introduced writing on oracles bones
 Local trade
 Ancestor worship
 Bronze age
Chou (Zhou) Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE
 Feudal regional China
 “Warring period”
 100 Schools of Philosophy = 3 new philosophies
 Legalism
 Taoism
 Confucianism
 Iron age
Ch’in Dynasty 221 BCE - 206 BCE
 Shi Huang di
 Unified China using legalism
 Cruel to Confucians
 Great Wall
 Terra Cotta army
 Standardized money, weights, roads
 Centralized power
Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 220AD
 Classical Age of China
 Inventions (paper)
 Confucian civil service begins,
 Wealthy traders
 Extend Great Wall
 Silk Road
 Excellent art
 Public school
 Conquered by Huns
Sui Dynasty 589 AD - 618 AD
 After 300 years of regional rule in China
 Re-unite a smaller China
 Grand Canal
 Granaries to feed the poor
 Legalist
 Very much like the Ch’in
Tang Dynasty 618 AD - 907 AD
 Confucian
 Conquer more territory in China and Korea
 Influence in Japan
 Inventions
 Printing press
 Gunpowder
 Landscape painting
 Buddhist increase in numbers
Song Dynasty 969 AD - 1279 AD
 Merchant society
 Urban life increases
 Rich
 Confucian and Buddhist
 Lots of trade along Silk Road
 Crushed by Mongols
Summarize the effects of the
renaissance of Confucianism
during the Tang-Song era.
Effects of the renaissance of Confucianism
 The Confucian renaissance permitted the restoration
of imperial government
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particularly the establishment of a centralized bureaucracy
that was necessary for the maintenance of the examination and
education system
the development of public works
and the administration of all levels of local government.
Effects of the renaissance of Confucianism
 But the development of neo-Confucianism occurred at
the cost of an effective military:
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China became increasingly vulnerable to outside attack.
 Its development also placed an increasing emphasis on
traditional Chinese philosophy at the expense of outside
influence and innovation.
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Ethnocentrism
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the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or
culture.
Xenophobia

an unreasonable fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers or of that
which is foreign or strange.
Effects of the renaissance of Confucianism
 The attack on Buddhism, for one, diminished
Chinese willingness to accept foreign ideas.
 The renaissance had a negative influence on the
status of women.
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Why?
 Also diminished Chinese innovation in commerce
with the outside world.
Generalize the proposition that the
Tang-Song era was at the same time
both innovative and conservative.
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER?
Tang-Song era was innovative and conservative.
 The Chinese followed tradition by restoring the
emphasis on an imperial centralized government
that relied on a trained scholar-gentry class.
 Similarly, the restoration of Confucianism as the
central ideology of the state was accompanied by the
persecution of Buddhism.
 There also was a heavy emphasis on a social
structure of the interlocking hierarchies associated
with Confucianism.
Tang-Song era was innovative and conservative.
Among aspects stressed were:
 the role of the scholar-gentry
 agricultural reform benefiting the peasantry
 male-dominated households in which the position of
women deteriorated
 lack of status for merchants
 the development of art forms heavily dependent on
nature and Confucian themes of harmony.
Tang-Song era was innovative and conservative.
Innovation showed in:
 the integration of southern China with northern regions
 the development of agricultural productivity in the South
 the increasing sophistication in market organization and
commercial practices
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Paper money
Credit
 technological sophistication
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military use of gunpowder
the compass
movable type
the abacus
new engineering
agricultural advances
Essay #1 Peer Grading
Writers Name: _______________________
Name of Essay: _______________________
Readers Name: _______________________
Score (0-9): _______
Comments: _____________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
Independent/Group Study
Time
END OF DAY 1
Chapter 13
THE SPREAD OF CHINESE CIVILIZATION:
JAPAN, KOREA, AND VIETNAM
DAY 2
Homework
 Complete Chapter 14 by Nov. 16/17
 Essay #2 Due by Nov. 16/17.
 Collect Dialectical Journal: In Depth: Artistic
Expression and Social Values
 Day 2
 Dialectical Journal: In Depth: Comparing Feudalisms (Due
11/18, 11/19)
Chinese influences on other
cultures
Chinese influences on other cultures
 Be aware that cultural exchanges in East Asia took
place in isolation from the rest of the world.
 The major influence in the region was China.
 In your notes, track the extent of Chinese influences
in Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.
Chinese influences on other cultures
 In general, the upper classes of all three regions
modeled their societies on the Chinese, but Japan,
which, unlike Korea and Vietnam, never came
under Chinese rule, was more selective in
adapting Chinese ways to its own culture.
 The Vietnamese adapted culture traits from both
China and India, whereas Korea, which was ruled by
China, had the greatest mix of Chinese and local
culture traits.
Describe the effect of the shifting
dynastic fortunes in China on the
relationship of China to Japan,
Korea, and Vietnam.
Relationship of China to Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.
 Which of the three states was the least affected by
Chinese political developments?

Why?
 Periods of cultural exchange were strongest during
the expansive phase of Chinese dynasties.
 Satellite civilizations were able to win independence
and reject Chinese models during the eras of civil
disruption between dynastic governments.
Relationship of China to Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.
 The conquests of Vietnam and Korea first occurred
during Han times.
 Korea gained independence in the early Tang period
after the collapse of the Sui.

Vietnam won independence after the fall of the Tang.
Relationship of China to Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.
 Of the three regions, Japan is the least affected by
internal Chinese developments.

It never was part of the Chinese empire and was able to accept
or reject Chinese influences.
 The growing authority of regional warlords in Japan
led to a reduction in Chinese cultural influence.

Since it was linked to the central government and Confucian
bureaucracy.
Compare the degree of
Sinification in Korea, Japan,
and Vietnam.
SINIFICATION: LINGUISTIC ASSIMILATION
OR CULTURAL ASSIMILATION OF TERMS AND
CONCEPTS OF THE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
OF CHINA.
Sinification: Korea
 Korea was the most Sinified, although Chinese
influence was limited to the aristocratic elite.
 The Koreans into the 20th century had to accept
Chinese political dominance and pay a tribute.

They were heavily influenced by:
Chinese art
 Writing
 Confucian bureaucracy
 commercial practices and goods

Sinification: Vietnam
 Vietnam was in the middle.
 It was under Chinese rule from Han times to the 10th century.
 A Confucian bureaucracy was established that was dominated
by the aristocracy.

Chinese agricultural and military organization were followed.
 The effect of Chinese culture separated the Vietnamese from
the more Indianized indigenous peoples of southeast Asia.
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North Vietnam became closer to China and South Vietnam became
closer to India.
Which supported Communism and which supported Democracy in the
Vietnam War?
 After the 10th century, Chinese influence declined.
 The scholar-gentry lost influence to local village leaders and
Buddhist monks.
Sinification: Japan
 Japan was the least affected.
 Many Chinese influences came early:
 Confucian ideas and bureaucracy
 Script
 Art
 Buddhism
 But because of their political independence, the Japanese were
able to select among elements of Chinese culture.
Sinification: Japan
 Chinese influence declined after the Taika reform failures
and the rise of the aristocracy.
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The Taika reforms of 646 represented the culmination of
centuries of Japanese borrowing from China and attempted to
remake the Japanese monarch into an absolute ruler.
The purpose of the Taika reforms was to create a genuine
professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army in Japan to
match those of Han-Tang China.
 An end to centralized bureaucracy and a decline in
Confucian influence went along with a revival of
indigenous culture combining Buddhism with Shintoism.
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Shintoism: Japanese religion that provided for worship of
political rulers and spirits of nature. This was the basis for the
worship of the Japanese emperor as a religious figure.
PRACTICE FOR THE AP
EXAM:
PRACTICE FOR THE AP EXAM:
 If an essay prompt begins with “Discuss,” be careful not
to think of the prompt as calling for a generic openended discussion of the topic.
 This is one of the hardest prompts to deal with, because
it gives very little or no help in how to frame your thesis.

Students frequently mistake these questions for easy ones and fail to
create and prove a solid thesis.
 To deal with a “Discuss” prompt, look at the topic from
all sides and then come to some conclusion about the
importance of the topic.

Make sure that you have a solid, provable thesis with a solid, logical
organization so that you do not end up rambling.
ASSESSMENT
 As we learn about more cultures, it becomes possible for
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us to make more and more meaningful comparisons
among cultures.
One of the topics listed in the Acorn book that we should
be able to analyze is gender systems and changes.
We are going to compare and contrast the treatment of
women among the Greek, Roman, Indian, African, and
Chinese civilizations.
We will create a table on the board listing the
civilizations and relevant data.
Copy the chart for reference when studying for the AP*
test.
Treatment of Women
Greek
Roman
Indian
African
Chinese