Chapter 3
Colonies Take Root
Section 1: I Can Statement
I can understand how the
English set up their first
colonies.
Section 1: Bullet Points
• Bullet Point #1: The English colony at
Jamestown is founded in 1607.
• Bullet Point #2: English Pilgrims seeking
religious freedom settled the Plymouth
Colony.
England Seeks Colonies
• England began to establish colonies in North
America in the 1500s
• Reasons for colonies:
– New trade markets
– Raw materials
• First colony established in North Carolina;
Roanoke Island
Founding Jamestown
• 1607 Virginia Company of London establishes
a colony
• Wanted to find gold and silver, or to trade
with Indians for furs
• King granted a charter
• Charter: a document issued by a government
that grants specific rights to a person or
company
• Virginia colony named Jamestown
• Rough first year, many died
• Problems:
– Warm weather
– Lazy colonists
– Spent too much time looking for gold
• John Smith: sent from London to lead
Jamestown
• Wrote new rules
• #1 rule: “he who works not, eats not”
• Hundreds of new colonists arrive
• Women come to Jamestown
• John Smith and men attack Indians to get food
• John Smith goes back to England
• Jamestown has a “starving time”, lack of food
Jamestown Prospers
• Virginia Company keeps sending new colonists
• Virginia Company offers free land
• New leaders sent to restore order in the
colony
• Found a new money maker: Tobacco
House of Burgesses
• Representative government: the form of
government in which voters elect people to
make laws for them
• House of Burgesses= lawmaking body, that
could pass and set laws and shared power
with Virginia’s governor
The Plymouth Colony
• Separatists: English who wanted to separate
from the Church of England, wanted religious
freedom
• Moved to the Netherlands and didn’t like it,
wanted to go to Virginia
• Pilgrim: person who takes a religious journey
Mayflower Compact
•
•
•
•
•
Mayflower, Pilgrims ship
Never reached Virginia
Landed in Massachusetts
Named colony Plymouth
Mayflower compact: first document in which
colonists claimed a right to govern
themselves
First Thanksgiving
• Rough winter for the pilgrims
• Not enough food, people dying due to disease
and hunger
• Got help from the Native Americans
• Squanto: Indian who brought the pilgrims
seeds of corn, beans and pumpkins and
showed them how to plant them
Section 2: I Can Statement
I can understand how the religious
beliefs and dissent influenced the
New England Colonies.
Section 2: Bullet Points
• Bullet #1: Puritans seeking religious freedom
settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.
• Bullet #2: People unhappy with the Puritans’
religious intolerance founded Rhode Island,
Connecticut, and New Hampshire.
Geography of New England
• Made up of hills and low mountains
• Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island,
New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine
• Farming is difficult
• Winters: long and snowy
• Summers: short and warm
• Weather helps people live longer
Puritans in Massachusetts Bay
• Puritans: group that wanted reform of the
Church of England
• King Charles I didn’t treat the Puritans nicely
• Puritans formed Massachusetts Bay Colony
• John Winthrop: leader of the Puritans who
was a respected landowner and lawyer
Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Boston: main city in the colony
• Had an elected assembly, had to be a male
and part of the Puritan church to vote
• Didn’t believe in religious toleration
(recognition that other people have the right
to other opinions)
New Colonies
• Rodger Williams: minister of a church in
Salem who believed the Puritans should split
from the Church of England
• Rhode Island founded by Williams, colony
had no official religion
Settling Connecticut
• Thomas Hooker: minister who settled
Connecticut
• John Wheelright: forced to Massachusetts,
settled New Hampshire
Growth and Change
• Town Meeting: an assembly of townspeople
that decides local issues
• Only men could be a part of town meetings
• Gave people a place to speak their minds
• Encouraged democratic ideas
King Philip’s War
• Indian population decreasing
• Metacom: chief of the Wampanog, also know
as King Philip, goal was to stop Puritan
expansion
• Uprising lasted a year, ended when Metacom
was captured and killed
• English colonies expanded after the war
Section 3: I Can Statement
I can understand how the diverse
Middle Colonies developed and
thrived.
Section 3: Bullet Points
• Bullet #1: After the English takeover, New
Netherlands was renamed New York.
• Bullet #2: Pennsylvania was founded in 1681
by a Quaker, William Penn.
Geography of the Middle Colonies
• New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and
Delaware
• Climate was warm
• Easier time farming, due to longer growing
season
New York and New Jersey
• New York, began as
Dutch colony
• Known for fur trade
• Taken over by the
English
• New Jersey
• Split off from New York
• Proprietary
colony(colony created
by a grant of land from
a monarch to an
individual or family)
• Royal colony(colony
controlled directly by
the English King)
Pennsylvania and Delaware
• Quaker: religious group that believed that
everyone had an inner light to God and that
all people were equal in God’s eyes
• William Penn: Quaker who settled
Pennsylvania, provided religious freedom
• Delaware: Swedish colony, then taken over by
Dutch, then taken over by English, was part of
Pennsylvania, then became its own colony
Growth and Change
• Farming increase
• Manufacturing started
The Backcountry
• Backcountry: frontier region extending
through several colonies from Pennsylvania
to Georgia
• Inhabited by Scot-Irish and Germans
Section 4: I Can Statement
I can understand the factors that
influenced the development of the
Southern colonies.
Section 4: Bullet Points
• Bullet Point #1: Maryland was founded as a
colony where Catholics could worship freely.
• Bullet Point #2: Large plantations marked the
Tidewater region, and small farms dominated
the backcountry.
Geography of the Southern Colonies
• Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, and Georgia
• Weather is warm and humid
• Full of swampy areas and rolling hills
• Long growing season
• Main crops: tobacco and rice, spurred early
development of slavery
Virginia Grows
•
•
•
•
Settlers keep coming despite high death rate
Population grows, Indian numbers decrease
More land taken over to farm on
Problems with Indians
Bacon’s Rebellion
• Nathaniel Bacon: leader of the frontier
settlers
• Poor colonists wanted governor to take action
against Indians
• Governor hesitates, doesn’t want war
• Bacon and his men attack and kill Indians,
and attack Jamestown
Religious Toleration in Maryland
• Catholic colony formed, Maryland
• Catholics and Protestants both lived here
• Lord Baltimore: Cecil Calvert, took over
Maryland when his dad died
• Act of Toleration: gave all male Christians the
right to vote and hold office
Colonies in the Carolinas
• North Carolina- developed slowly, grew
tobacco and produced lumber
• South Carolina, developed quickly, grew sugar
and rice
Georgia
• Georgia started for 2 reasons:
– Keep Spanish from expanding their colony
– Wanted a colony where there would be
protection for English debtors(people who owe
money)
• Slavery banned
Change in the Southern Colonies
• Two Distinct ways of life:
• Tidewater Region:
– Plantation: Large farm, grows cotton, sugar & rice
– Divided white community
• Backcountry:
– Isolated farms
– Poor and didn’t care about rank
Section 5: I Can Statement
I can understand how the Spanish
established colonies on the
borderlands.
Section 5: Bullet Points
• Bullet Point #1: Spain had large colonies in the
Caribbean, Mexico, and South America.
• Bullet Point #2: Spanish missions sought to
convert Native Americans to Christianity.
• Bullet Point #3: Spain established presidios
and pueblos throughout the borderlands.
Spanish Florida
• St. Augustine: fort and first permanent
European settlement in the US
• Offered land to African Americans
• Colony grew slowly
• Had little control over the whole of Florida
Settling the Spanish Borderlands
• Borderlands: lands along a frontier, main job
was to protect Mexico
• Began in Florida and included Texas, New
Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and
California
Missions
• Texas and Arizona:
• Missions formed
• Wanted Indians to be
Christians
• California:
• Junipero Serra:
missionary who helped
colonize California
• Presidios: military posts
• Pueblos: civilian towns, centers of farming and
trade
Life in Spanish Missions
• Indians farmed, built churches and learned a
wide range of crafts
• Worked 5-8 hours a day, 5-6 days a week
• Indians had no control over their lives
• Punished if they didn’t follow rules