Simón Bolívar
Vladimir Ilich Lenin
 The success of the American Revolution and the
French Revolution.
 The ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers changes
peoples thinking about who should control the
government.
 Many of the lower class people were oppressed and
disliked due to the fact that they were not born in
Spain.
 Growth of nationalism in Latin America.
 By the late eighteenth century, the Spanish colonies
had a thriving class of creoles: men and women of
European ancestry born in the New World.
 While Creoles were born into wealth and education,
they were not allowed to hold any type of political
office or hold any important position.
 Napoleon invades Spain and
removes the Spanish king. With
Napoleon’s control of Spain
weakened its hold over its Latin
American colonies.
Revolutionary leaders emerge,
 Toussaint L‘Ouverture
 Simón Bolívar
 Toussaint L‘Ouverture was a slave himself but
once freed he leads a slave revolt in Haiti but is
later deported to Franch where he died.
 Bolívar, San Martín, and others lead successful
revolts in Latin America
 Spain's Empire in the New World fell and by
1825 all that was left was a few islands in the
Caribbean. The continent was free from
Spain's grasp, having won their
independence at the cost of bloody wars
with Spanish and royal forces.
 Attempts made to rebuild economies and 18
separate republics are set up.
 Wealthy Venezuelan creole.
 Bolívar was sent to Spain for his education.
 Known as the Liberator.
 In 1810, Simon Bolivar joined the group of patriots that
seized Caracas in Venezuela and proclaimed
independence from Spain. He went to Great Britain in
search of aid, but could get only a promise of British
neutrality.
 He and his followers invaded Venezuela on May 14,
1813; this marked the beginning of his "Compana
Admirable," (Admirable Campaign) which resulted in
the formation of the Venezuelan Second Republic later
that year.
 Dec 1819 , Simon Bolivar returned to
Angostura and became the first president
of the original republic of Colombia (now
Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and
Venezuela).
 Jun 1821 Simon Bolivar crushed the Spanish
army at Carabobo in Venezuela.
 Bolivar’s vision of a united South America
 Present day Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and
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Panama
Short-lived due to dissension amongst various
factions.
Bolivar resigned in 1828
In 1830, Bolivar’s Gran Colombia divided into
Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela.
Panama later split from Colombia with US assistance
in 1903.
 The Upper and Lower class were becoming
more apparent. There was no middle class.
 In 1917, there was a shortage of bread and
prices began to rise.
 The people no longer respected the Tsar,
Nicholas II, who was an Autocrat.
 The rise of the industrial jobs led to poor working
conditions for the common worker and little pay.
 Land was being taken by the Government for Nobles.
 Hardships of World War I- Millions of weapons
available in the hands of the oppressed peasants and
workers due to their conscription to the army.
 Negligence and poor judgment of the last Tsar
Nicholas II.
 Czar Nicholas II was dethroned in Russia during this,
the "February Revolution.“ (Took place March 8-12)
 When V. I. Lenin arrived from exile in the spring of
1917, he joined the Bolshevik Party in Russia whose
goal was to overthrow the Provisional Government and
set up a government for the proletariat.
 The Bolshevik party went on the offensive and tried to
educate the workers and soldiers, convincing them to
seize power and land for themselves.
 In early October, Lenin convinced the
Bolshevik Party to form an immediate
insurrection against the Provisional
Government.
 The armed workers known as Red Guards
and the other revolutionary groups moved
on the night of Nov. 6-7 under the orders of
the Soviet's Military Revolutionary
Committee.
 These forces seized post and telegraph offices, electric
works, railroad stations, and the state bank.
 Once the shot rang out from the Battleship Aurora, the
thousands of people in the Red Guard stormed the
Winter Palace.
 The Provisional Government had officially fallen to the
Bolshevik regime.
 V. I. Lenin, the leader of the
Bolsheviks, announced his attempt to
construct the socialist order in Russia.
 The new government made up of
Soviets, and led by the Bolsheviks.
 1918 – After Russia is out of The Great War
on March 8, The Bolshevik Party changes its
name to the Communist Party
 Russia enters a Civil War for two years 1918-
1920
 August 30 - An assassination attempt leaves
Lenin seriously wounded
 December 15, 1922 - Lenin suffers second stroke and
retires from politics
 December 30 - The Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (U.S.S.R.) established
 January 21, 1924 - Lenin dies; Stalin will become his
successor