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Vs 1 Gabriel Continues from Chapter 10.
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Darius the Mede is strengthened by God.
Vs 2 Four Kings in total.
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3 Kings after Cyrus
1 more who will stir up all against the Greeks.
 Cyrus
 Cambyses II
 Bardiya (False Smerdis)
 Xerxes
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Persian Wars was started with the crossing of
the Hellespont by Xerxes forces in 480BC
Battle of Thermopylae (Aug 480)
 Battle of Artemisium (Aug 480)
 Battle of Salamis (Sep 480)
 Battle of Plataea (June 479)
 Battle of Mycale (June 479)
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Vs 3 Rule with Great Dominion
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Alexander the Great
Vs 4 Divided towards the
four winds (June 10 323BC)
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Ptolemy (Egypt, Libya, Arabia, Coele-Syria,
Palestine)
Cassander (Macedon and Greece)
Lysimachus (Thrace, Bithynia, Bosphorous)
Seleucus (The rest)
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Cassander’s kingdom was conquered by
Lysimachus’s (Battle of Ipsus 301BC)
Lysimachus’s kingdom was conquered by
Seleucus.(Battle of Corupedium in 281BC)
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Vs 5 King of the South – Egypt being Ptolemy. (there is a
tomb inscription translated by Glaser #1155, believed to by
tomb of Cambyses which references the war between Persia
and Egypt and the kings are called, Lord of the North and
Lord of the South.)
One of his princes. – Seleucus was deposed from his
throne in babylon in 316BC, which he had held since 321BC.
He fled to Egypt and became one of his generals. (Hebrew
word for prince is Sarim – can be translated as general, has a
military connotation) In 312BC Ptolemy’s armies led by
Seleucus defeated Demetrius at Gaza and he reclaimed his
throne.
Arrian – Contemporary historian in his work “Anabasis of
Alexander” describes Seleucus as follows:
 The greatest king of those who succeeded Alexander, and the
most royal mind, and ruled over the greatest extent of territory,
next to Alexander.
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Vs 6
Daughter of King of the South
 King of the North
 Those that brought her
 Him who begot her (Father)
 Him who strengthened her
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Antiochus II Theos (reigned 261-246BC)
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After a long war with Egypt, he accepted peace
with Ptolemy II Philadelphus. On condition he
married Ptolemy’s daughter Berenice.
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Married to Laodice I (probably his cousin)
He put aside his first wife Laodice and also his 2
sons by her.
Ptolemy II, Antiochus II, Berenice, her maids
which came with her from Egypt and her 4
year old son were all killed in 246BC by
Laodice and her eldest son Seleucus II.
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Ptolemy III Euergetes declared war on Laodice's newly
crowned son, Seleucus II, in 246 BC, and campaigned with
great success. He won major victories over Seleucus in Syria
and Anatolia, briefly occupied Antioch and, as a recent
cuneiform discovery (Ptolemy III Chronicle) proves, even
reached Babylon. Seleucus had his own difficulties. His
domineering mother asked him to grant co-regency to his
younger brother, Antiochus Hierax, as well as rule over
Seleucid territories in Anatolia. Antiochus promptly
declared independence, undermining Seleucus' efforts to
defend against Ptolemy.
In exchange for a peace in 241, Ptolemy was awarded new
territories on the northern coast of Syria, including Seleucia
Pieria, the port of Antioch. The Ptolemaic kingdom was at
the height of its power.
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They took care of the statues of the gods, which had
been robbed by the barbarians of the land Persia
from temples of Egypt, since His Majesty had won
them back in his campaign against the two lands of
Asia, he brought them to Egypt, and placed them on
their places in the temples, where they had
previously stood. (Decree of Canopus, 238BC. Cairo
Museum)
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Vs 8 He shall continue more years than the
King of the North.
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Seleucus II died in 224BC, Ptolemy III died in 222BC.
2 years after.
Any doubt on the who the King of the South is,
this verse should clear that right up!
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Vs 9 “Also the king of the North shall come to
the kingdom of the king of the South, but shall
return to his own land.
SDA Commentary suggests this translation is
more correct:
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He will come into the kingdom of the king of the
South, but shall return to his own land.
Seleucus II tried invading Egypt in 240BC but called
off the attack due to strife back home.
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Vs 10 Seleucus II (Callinicus), had 2 sons
Seleucus III Soter (Ceraunus) and Antiochus
Magnus.
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Seleucus III took the throne on his fathers death and
amassed a vast army to take vengence on the
Ptolemys. He was assassinated by his own men
while on campaign against Attalus I of Pergamon in
223BC
His Brother succeeded him and recovered the
territories of Seleucia and Syria from the Egyptians.
He even crossed the Transjordan into Egyptian
territory in 219BC.
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Vs 11 Ptolemy IV Philopator became pharoah
after is fathers death in 222BC
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On June 22 217BC Ptolemy meet Antiochus in battle
at Raphia.
According to Polybius, Ptolemy had 70,000 infantry,
5,000 cavalry, and 73 African elephants and
Antiochus 62,000 infantry, 6,000 cavalry, and 103
Syrian elephants.
Ptolemy had a resounding victory and took several
thousand captive.
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Vs 12 Ptolemy Philopater did not captialise on
his victory due to a Jewish revolt within
Alexandria, evidence of this is found in 3
Maccabees, Jerome and Eusebius.
He is reported that he massacred between 40K
(Eusebius) and 60K (Jerome)
 To celebrate his victory and the capture
Of Antiochus Elephants he came up with a
New execution method.
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Vs 13 Ptolemy IV dies in 205BC ?
His son Ptolemy V Epiphanes took the throne at
aged 5 in 204BC
 Antiochus III Magnus invade Palestine in 201BC
 Battle of Raphia was in 217BC – so this second
invasion was 16 yrs later.
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Vs 14 So the King of the South is the 4 year old
Ptolemy V.
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Ptolemy Epiphanes was only a small boy when his father,
Ptolemy Philopator, died. The two leading favorites of
Philopator, Agathocles and Sosibius, fearing that Arsinoe
(Ptolemy V mother) would secure the regency had her
murdered before she heard of her husband's death, which
secured the regency for themselves. In 202 BC however
Tlepolemus, the general in charge of Pelusium, put
himself at the head of a revolt. Once Epiphanes was in the
hands of Tlepolemus he was persuaded to give a sign that
the killers of his mother should be killed. According to
Bevan the child king's consent was given more from fear
than anything else and Agathocles along with several of
his supporters being killed by the Alexandrian mob.
The decree was issued during a turbulent period in
Egyptian history. Ptolemy V Epiphanes (reigned
204–181 BC), son of Ptolemy IV Philopator and his
wife and sister Arsinoe, had become ruler at the
age of five after the sudden death of both of his
parents, murdered, according to contemporary
sources, in a conspiracy that involved Ptolemy IV's
mistress Agathoclea. The conspirators effectively
ruled Egypt as Ptolemy V's guardians, until, two
years later, a revolt broke out under the general
Tlepolemus and Agathoclea and her family were
lynched by a mob in Alexandria. Tlepolemus, in
turn, was replaced as guardian in 201 BC by
Aristomenes of Alyzia, who was chief minister at
the time of the Memphis decree.
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Antiochus and Phillip V of Macedon also
conspired against Egypt. They made a pact to
carve up the Egyptian empire between
themselves.
Also a jewish revolt began in Jerusalem to try
and re-establish Jewish sovereignty but that
failed due to the Roman Republic aligning
themselves with the Egyptians against the
Seleucid Empire and Greeks.
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Vs 15 The Battle of Panium 200BC was against
Antiochus III and Scopas of Aetolia (a very
experience Mercenary General used as elite
shock troops by the Egyptians.) Scopas was
defeated and fleed to Sidon.
Sidon was known as the strongest city in the
world due to its position and fortifications.
Scopas was forced to surrender with no terms.
Once he fleed back to Egypt he was executed
for his failure.
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Vs 16.
3 Players in this one, he and him
 Him = King of the North
 He is another player!
 Who conquered Antiochus III
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 In 191 BC Antiochus III met Manius Achilius Glabrio
Consul of the Roman Republic in the Battle of
Thermopylae.
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"Of the Jews there fell twelve thousand, but of the Romans very few....
and no small enormities were committed about the temple itself, which,
in former ages, had been inaccessible, and seen by none; for Pompey went
into it, and not a few of those that were with him also, and saw all that
which it was unlawful for any other men to see but only for the high
priests. There were in that temple the golden table, the holy candlestick,
and the pouring vessels, and a great quantity of spices; and besides these
there were among the treasures two thousand talents of sacred money:
yet did Pompey touch nothing of all this, on account of his regard to
religion; and in this point also he acted in a manner that was worthy of
his virtue. The next day he gave order to those that had the charge of the
temple to cleanse it, and to bring what offerings the law required to God;
and restored the high priesthood to Hyrcanus, both because he had been
useful to him in other respects, and because he hindered the Jews in the
country from giving Aristobulus any assistance in his war against him."
Josephus, Antiquitates Judaicae, book 14, chapter 4
Rome annexed the Glorious Lands and made it a Protectorate.
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Vs 17 “and upright ones with him” better
translated as “and equal ones with him”
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In 51 BC Ptolemy Auletes died and left his throne to
his 2 children Cleopatra and Ptolemy XII
In 48BC Rome and Egypt became allies under
relationship with Cleopatra and Caesar.
Eventually in 30BC Egypt became a Province of
Rome.
“Daughter of Woman” – Definitely Cleopatra
and how she dealt with Caesar and Mark
Anthony.
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Vs 18 – Isles = known in anciant times as Asia
Minor (Islands around Turkey and its
coastline)
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After sorting out Egypt, Caesar was called into a war
against Pharnaces, King of the Cimmerian
Bosphorus in 47BC.
“ruler” = I believe is Marcus Junius Brutus.
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March 44BC – Caesar was assassinated in the
Senate.
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Vs 20 – “One who imposes taxes”
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Luke 2:1
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Vs 21-22 Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus
Pliny the Elder called him tristissimus hominum, "the
gloomiest of men”
 Tiberius before becoming Emperor was one of the
most successful generals in Roman HistoryGermania, Armenia, Parthia to name a few.
 Prince of the Covenant – Tiberius reigned from 1437AD. Luke 3:1-3
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Vs 23-28 Refers to the nature of the Roman
empire under successive Emperors.
Vs 24 A time. If you start when nthe imperial
age starts in 31BC. 360 years will bring us to
330AD
Vs 27 Can be primarily applied to Nero and the
persecution of the Christians.
Vs 28 The sacking of Jerusalem by Titus.
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Vs 29 The appointed time being 330AD.
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So what happened in 330AD. Constantine moved the
Capital “South” to Byzantium and renamed it
Constantinople and made it the Capitol of the
Roman Empire.
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Vs 30-35
Chittim
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Jer 2:10
Ezekiel 27:6
Destruction of the Western Roman Empire by the
Barbarian hordes and the Rise of the Papal States
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Vs 36 – 39
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God of Fortresses (Forces)
 Could be translated as God of Refuge or Strength
 Saint Gabriel the ArchAngel is the Patron Saint of
Wisdom and Strength
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To Mary, Refuge of Sinners
Hail, most gracious Mother of mercy, hail, Mary,
for whom we fondly yearn, through whom we
obtain forgiveness! Who would not love thee?
Thou art our light in uncertainty, our comfort in
sorrow, our solace in the time of trial, our refuge
from every peril and temptation. Thou art our sure
hope of salvation, second only to thy only-begotten
Son; blessed are they who love thee, our Lady!
Incline, I beseech thee, thy ears of pity to the
entreaties of this thy servant, a miserable sinner;
dissipate the darkness of my sins by the bright
beams of thy holiness, in order that I may be
acceptable in thy sight.