THE 1920’S
BOOMING ECONOMY
SLO’s
• Henry Ford moved
America forward
economically
• SW describe how the
consumer revolution and
bull market came to be
• How are the effects of the
economic boom on urban
and rural
similar/different?
SLO’s
• Explain the impact of
Henry Ford and the
automobile
• Analyze the consumer
revolution and the bull
market
• Compare the different
effects of the economic
boom on urban and rural
America.
BOOMING ECONOMY
Terms and People (p. 324)
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Henry Ford
mass production
Model T
scientific management
assembly line
consumer revolution
installment buying
bull market
buying on margin
BOOMING ECONOMY
Summary:
• Through Henry Ford’s
innovation of the automobile,
economic growth in the 1920’s
boomed due to the additional
resources and freedom it lent
to the American public.
• Mass production was not an
innovative idea at the time
• Assembly lines of cars
required the assembly of
thousands of parts
• The boom in the automotive
industry stimulated growth in
other industries related to car
manufacture or use.
• It also caused additional
economic effects: ground,
railroad, and trolleys declined.
• New sense of freedom &
prosperity
BOOMING ECONOMY
1 9 th C e n t u r y M a s s P r o d .
Fo r d A s s e m b l y L i n e s
BUSTLING ECONOMY
Summary
• As American began to progress
thru the 1920’s, Americans
began to buy more products
because of innovative
advertising schemes and a new
means of buying “credit”
which allowed the market to
soar and change the attitude
towards consumption in the
U.S.
• Widespread availability of
electrical power
supported the consumer
revolution
• Advertising and credit
played its part in selling
more products
• More and more
Americans put their
money into stocks to get
rich quick due to a bull
market
BULL VS. BEAR
BULL
BEAR
CITIES, SUBURBS, AND COUNTRY
Summary
• Although people were flocking
to the city and people w/in the
confines of the city were
prospering, farmers outside of
it were not.
• The economic boom did not
affect all parts of the nation
equally. While urban and
suburban areas prospered,
rural Americans struggled.
• Immigrants, farmers, and an
African American migration
came to cities.
• Suburbs began to pop up due
to mass trans
• Farm income declined and
wealth was not well distributed
PAIRED ACTIVITY
• Write a paragraph
summarizing the reasons for
the historical viewpoint that
Henry Ford was one of the
chief makers of the modern
world.
BUSINESS OF GOVERNMENT
SLO’S
SLO’s
• Pinpoint the way Harding and
Coolidge promoted the growth
of businesses
• Talk about the shady events
that went down on Harding’s
watch
• How did the U.S. affect the
world as a whole during the
20’s?
• Analyze how the policies of
Presidents Harding and
Coolidge favored business
growth.
• Discuss the most significant
scandals during Harding’s
presidency.
• Explain the role that the
U.S. played in the world
during the 1920’s.
KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE (P. 330)
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Andrew Mellon
Herbert Hoover
Teapot Dome Scandal
Calvin Coolidge
Washington Naval Disarmament Conference
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Dawes Plan
HARDING ADMINISTRATION
HARDING ADMINISTRATION
Summary
• President Harding’s stance on
economic growth was that of a
“hands-off ” and laid back
approach. He promoted
internal growth and forced
Americans to buy domestic.
Harding was also surrounded
and influenced by a close-knit
group of friends that made
decisions that benefited only
them and not the U.S. citizens.
• Took a laissez-faire
approach economics
and favored giving
power back to the
business owners.
• Hiked tariffs on
imports
• Ohio Gang
COOLIDGE PROSPERITY
Summary
• Although the nation was
prospering financially under
Coolidge’s leadership, the U.S.
was facing more underlying
problems that needed attention
and concern.
• Aspired to reduce national
debt, trimming federal
budget, and lowering taxes
to give incentives for
businesses=booming
economy.
• Farmers struggled due to
prices of goods
• Labor unions demanded
higher wages
• African Americans faced
discrimination
AMERICA’S ROLE IN THE WORLD
Summary
• Post WWI, the global
community recognized that
they couldn’t afford another
war of that magnitude so the
different nations attempted to
implement different protocols
to ensure global peace. At the
same time, relations w/ GB,
France, and Germany were
hindered due to the lack of war
debt being paid off.
• Nations were attempting to
ensure that there would never be
another World War
• Washington Naval
Disarmament
• Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928
• GB and France owed U.S. war
debt
• Germany owed GB and France
• Dawes Plan
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL
TENSIONS
SLO’s
• Compare economic and cultural life in rural
and urban America.
• Discuss the changes in U.S. immigration
policy
• Analyze the goals and motives of the Ku Klux
Klan in the 20’s
• Discuss the successes and failures of 18th
Amendment
KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE
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modernism
fundamentalism
Scopes Trial
Clarence Darrow
quota system
Ku Klux Klan
Prohibition
18th Amendment
Volstead Act
bootlegger
TRADITIONALISM /MODERNISM
CLASH
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Modernism
Openness toward social change
and new discoveries of science
Mastery of mathematics and
language –high school/college
Fundamentalism
Scopes Trial of 1925—debate of
evolution
Issue: Darwin’s theory of
evolution that complex forms of
life, human beings, had
developed from simpler forms of
life
Traditionalism
• More traditional view of
science, religion, and culture
• Muscle, endurance, and
knowledge of crops--education
SCOPES TRIAL OF 1925
RESTRICTING IMMIGRATION
Summary
Nativists wanted restrictions
of access of immigrants into
the U.S. by implementing a
quota system for each country
to match a certain percentage
of a country’s population.
Since Mexicans productively
contributed to local economies
the quota system did not
pertain to them.
• Nativists pushed for
immigrants that couldn’t
read or write their own
language not be allowed
into the U.S.
• Quota system
• Mexicans contributed to
the local economies of
the Southwest—quote
system did NOT apply to
Mexicans
THE NEW KU KLUX KLAN
Summary
With the culturally
changing look of the
U.S. in the 1920’s, the
KKK opposed cultural
diversity and was met
w/ resistance by
organizations that
welcomed those
changes.
• Rural Americans saw the
country become increasingly
urban and their own position in
the nation slip in relative
importance—many lashed out
• Most were in the South, but
had branches in the Midwest,
Northeast, and West
• NAACP, Jewish AntiDefamation League embraced
national diversity
THE NEW KKK
PROHIBITION AND CRIME
Summary
The 18th Amendment
was established and
enforced through the
Volstead Act, but certain
Americans found ways
to illegally sling alcohol
which resulted in
heightening organized
crime.
• 18th Amendment—forbade
manufacture, distribution,
and sale of alcohol
• Volstead Act—enforced
18th
• Bootleggers—sold illegal
alcohol to consumers
• Al Capone—most famous
criminal during
Prohibition Era
• Organized crime boomed
PROHIBITION AND CRIME
EXIT SLIP
• How did the two sides in the
Scopes Trial represent
conflicting value systems?
What did each side value
most?
A NEW MASS CULTURE
Learning Outcomes
1. Trace the reasons that leisure time increased during
the 1920’s
2. Discuss the advancements of women in the 1920’s
3. Analyze the concept of modernism and its impact
on writers and painters
4. Trace the developments and impact of jazz
5. Discuss the themes explored by writers of the
Harlem Renaissance
KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE P. 343
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Charlie Chaplin
The Jazz Singer
Babe Ruth
Charles Lindbergh
Flapper
Sigmund Freud
“Lost Generation”
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
NEW TRENDS IN POPULAR
CULTURE
Summary
• As American popular culture
began to evolve, Americans
looked to different means of
entertainment like going to the
movies and listening to the
radio.
• The work week was down to 5
days a week and salaries and
wages were on the rise.
• Americans looked to a new
form of entertainment—
movies
• Charlie Chaplin/Rudolph
Valentino
• Phonograph and radio also
became powerful instruments
of mass popular culture.
AN AGE OF HEROES
Summary
• As Americans looked
to sports for heroes to
instill a sense of hope
post WWI, there were
a number of athletes
and historical figures
that provided that
escape.
• Hollywood’s chief rivals
for the creation of heroes
were the baseball parks,
football fields, and boxing
rings.
• Babe Ruth—baseball
• Red Grange—football
• Jack Dempsey—boxing
• Bobby Jones—golf
• Charles Lindbergh
“Lucky Lindy”—Spirit of
St. Louis
WOMEN MAKING STRIDES
Social Changes
Political Changes
• More liberated
• 19th Amendment—
• Wore dresses w/
gave women the
shorter hemlines
right to vote.
• More make-up
• Work in reform
• Danced
movement, run for
• Flappers
office, fight for laws
• Women wanted more
to protect women
control of their lives
and children in the
and got it!
workplace
• Primary goal—pass
the Equal Rights
Amendment
Economic Changes
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Entered workforce
Charitable work
Joined clubs
Vacuum cleaners
and irons took some
of the drudge out of
the labor
FLAPPER
MODERNISM IN ART AND
LITERATURE
Summary
• As the American culture
was rapidly changing,
American writers began
to think outside the box
by thinking more
abstractly and pushing
the boundaries of what
was previously accepted
during the “Victorian
Era”.
• WWI altered the way writers
and artists viewed the world,
changed the way they
approached their craft, and
inspired them to experiment
w/ new forms and fresh ideas.
• Sigmund Freud—psychologist
• F. Scott Fitzgerald—novelist
(The Great Gatsby)
• Ernest Hemingway--novelist
FREUD/THE GREAT GATSBY
THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE
Learning Outcomes
1. Trace the development and impact
of jazz
2. Discuss the themes explored by
writers of the Harlem
Renaissance.
A NEW “BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS”
Summary
• Although African Americans
began to migrate to more
urban areas for employment
and a better way of living,
there was still a sense of
racism everywhere. When
Marcus Garvey advocated for a
separation of races he, at the
same time, instilled a sense of
pride amongst AA’s and helped
the race move forward socially.
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African Americans who left the
South dreamed of a better
future.
In northern larger cities AA had
a growing political voice where
there was more of a middle to
upper class.
Harlem became the focal point
for the aspirations of thousands
of AA
Marcus Garvey—advocated the
separation of the races
Instilled a sense of pride
amongst black people and their
culture
THE JAZZ AGE
Summary
• Jazz music was a vital
part of the
Prohibition Era that
blended a sense of
pride and an avenue
of expression
amongst African
Americans.
• Jazz is truly a form of
indigenous American music
based on improvisation.
• Louis Armstrong became the
ambassador for jazz
• Bessie Smith
• Apart of the 1920’s and
Prohibition Era
• Demonstration of the depth
and richness of the AA
heritage.
LOUIS ARMSTRONG/BESSIE
SMITH
HARLEM RENAISSANCE
Summary
• The Harlem Renaissance
brought about a different
means of expression for
African Americans through the
usage of poems and stories.
• The flowering of AA culture
became known as the Harlem
Renaissance.
• “New Negro” suggested a
radical break w/ the past.
• Explored the pains and joys of
being black in America.
• Claude McKay showed
ordinary AA’s struggling for
dignity and advancement in
the face of discrimination and
economic hardships.
• Langston Hughes—most
powerful writer
LANGSTON HUGHES