1-100 AD
100-325 AD
325-800 AD
800-1300 AD
Apostolic
Post Apostolic
/ Ante-Nicene
Union with
Roman Empire
Medieval
Christianity
Early Christianity
Who was the last apostle to
die and when?
Judas Iscariot
31 AD
Hung himself
James, Son of Zebedee
44-45 AD
Beheaded by Herod Agrippa I
Philip
54 AD
Crucified
Matthew
60-70 AD
Beheaded in Ethiopia
James, Son of Alpheus
63 AD
Stoned / Clubbed
Peter
64-68 AD
Inverted crucifixion
Paul
67 AD
Beheaded
Andrew
70 AD
Crucified
Bartholomew
70 AD
Flayed / Crucified
Thomas
70 AD
Speared
Matthias
70 AD
Stoned /Crucified
Jude
72 AD
Beaten with sticks
Simon
74 AD
Crucified
John
95 AD
Old age
Great Fire of Rome
64 AD
Persecution
of
Persecutions
Christians
ΙΧΘΥΣ
Ιησους
Χριστóς
Θεοῦ
Υἱός
Σωτήρ
Iesous
Xristos
Theou
Yios
Sotare
Jesus
Christ,
God’s
Son,
Saviour
ἰχθύς
ichthys
fish
Great Persecution
303-311 AD
What does BC and AD mean?
BC
AD
Before Christ
Anno Domini
In the year of the Lord
Constantine the Great
Early Church
• Emergence of leadership
structure
– Episkopos, presbyters, deacons
• Heresies and apologists
– Gnostics, Ebionites, Nazarenes
• Iconography
• Monasticism
– Desert hermit-monks
The Good Shepherd
3rd century
Gnosticism
Ambrose
Jerome
Augustine
Gregory the Great
Western Church
Eastern Church
Basil
Athanasius
Gregory of Nazianzus
John Chrysostom
Apostles’ Creed
I believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven
and earth.
I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord, who was
conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and
was buried; he descended to the dead. On the third day
he rose again; he ascended into heaven, he is seated at
the right hand of the Father, and he will come to judge
the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the
communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the
resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting.
Amen.
Nicene Creed
We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of
heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible.
And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of
God, begotten of the Father before all worlds, Light of
Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being
of one substance with the Father; by whom all things
were made; who for us men, and for our salvation, came
down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy
Ghost of the Virgin Mary, and was made man; he was
crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and suffered, and
was buried, and the third day he rose again, according to
the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, and sits on the
right hand of the Father; from thence he shall come
again, with glory, to judge the quick and the dead;
whose kingdom shall have no end. And in the Holy
Ghost, the Lord and Giver of life, who proceeds from the
Father, who with the Father and the Son together is
worshiped and glorified, who spake by the prophets. In
one holy catholic and apostolic Church; we acknowledge
one baptism for the remission of sins; we look for the
resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to
come. Amen.
First Seven Ecumenical Councils
Nicene Creed
Date of Easter
Mary is Mother
of God
Jesus has
two wills
325 AD
Nicaea (1st)
431 AD
Ephesus
680 AD
Constantinople (3rd)
451 AD
Chalcedon
787 AD
Nicaea (2nd)
Jesus has
381 AD two natures
Venerated holy
images
Constantinople (1st)
Add Holy Spirit to
Nicene Creed
553 AD
Constantinople (2nd)
Address heresies
Nicene Creed
HERETICS
Punching them won’t stop people believing their lies, but it feels so good
Ambrose
Jerome
Augustine
Gregory the Great
Western Church
Eastern Church
Basil
Athanasius
Gregory of Nazianzus
John Chrysostom
St Augustine of Hippo
Salvation through grace
Original sin
Baptisms are conferred by Christ (not priest)
Baptism necessary for salvation
Children are tainted by original sin and thus
baptism is allowable, and necessary
• Damnation of unbaptised infants
• Predestination
• Just war theory
•
•
•
•
•
Ambrose
Jerome
Augustine
Gregory the Great
Western Church
Eastern Church
Basil
Athanasius
Gregory of Nazianzus
John Chrysostom
Denominations
Catholic
Church of the East
Eastern Orthodox
Oriental Orthodox
Protestant
Restorationism
Denominations
Catholic
1.2 billion
Protestant
600-800 million
Eastern Orthodox
280 million
Oriental Orthodox
82 million
Restorationism
49 million
Church of the East
0.6 million
Great Schism
• Disputes with:
– Filioque in Nicene Creed
• Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father (and the Son)
– Papal supremacy
– Original sin
– Immaculate conception
– Purgatory
• Excommunications withdrawn in 1995
Oriental Orthodox
Ethiopian Orthodox
48 million
Coptic Orthodox
15.5 million
Armenian Apostolic
9.5 million
Ertrean Orthodox
2.5 million
Malankara Orthodox
2 million
Syriac Orthodox
1 million
Jacobite Syrian Christian 1.2 million
Eastern Orthodox
Russian
125 million
Romanian
23 million
Greek
18.6 million
Ukrainian
13.7 million
Serbian
11.5 million
Bulgarian
10 million
Georgian
5 million
Protestantism
Pentecostal
130 million
Baptist
100 million
Anglican
85 million
Nondenominational
80 million
Lutheran
75 million
Methodist
75 million
Reformed
75 million
African
40 million
Seventh-day Adventist
17 million
Restorationism
Latter Day Saints
15.1 million
Iglesia ni Cristo
10 million
New Apostolic Church
10 million
Jehovah’s Witnesses
7.7 million
Church of Christ, Scientist 0.4 million
Friends of Man
0.07 million
Christadelphians
0.06 million
St. Thomas Christians
35k
1.1M
50k
1.2M
2M
0.5M
3.8M
Ambrose
Jerome
Augustine
Gregory the Great
Western Church
Eastern Church
Basil
Athanasius
Gregory of Nazianzus
John Chrysostom
St. Thomas Christians
35k
1.1M
50k
1.2M
2M
0.5M
3.8M