Enhance concentration
Tsung-Min Hung, Ph.D.
National Taiwan Normal
University
What is concentration
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Focusing on relevant environmental
cues
Maintaining attentional focus
Maintaining situational awareness
Shifting attentional focus
Types of attentional focus
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A broad focus: perceive several
occurrences simultaneously (e.g.,
basketball point guard).
A narrow focus: respond to only one
/two cues (e.g., baseball batter)
An external focus: direct attention
outward.
An internal focus: direct inward to
thoughts or feelings.
Attentional problems 1
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Internal distracters:
1.Attending to past events
2.Attending to future events
3.Choking under pressure
4.Overanalyzing body mechanics
5.Fatigue
6.Inadequate motivation
Attentional problems 2
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External distracters:
1.Visual distracters
2.Auditory distracters
Self-talk process 1
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Missing an important shot in tennis
Negative: What an idiot I am-I’ll
never win now.(Anger,
hopelessness, increased muscle
tension)
Positive: Keep your eyes on the
ball-this match isn’t over. (Better
concentration, optimism, calmness)
Self-talk process 2
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Setback in rehabilitating a knee
injury
Negative: I’ll never get back in the
starting lineup.(hopelessness,
anger, frustration)
Positive: This type of injury just
takes time to heal, so I need to
continue to work hard. (optimism,
motivation, increased effort)
Using self-talk to enhance
concentration
Negative
Positive
You idiot-how could you miss
such an easy shot
Everyone makes mistakes-just
concentrate on the next point
I’ll never recover from this
injury
Healing takes time. I just
continue to exercise every day
He robbed me on the line callthat ball was definitely in
There’s nothing I can do about
it. If I play well, I’ll win
anyway
I’ll take it easy today and
work out hard tomorrow
If I work hard today, and the
next work out will be easier
tomorrow.
That was a terrible serve
Just slow down and keep your
rhythm and timing
I’ll never stay with this
exercise program
Just take one day at a time
and make exercise fun
I never play well in the wind
It’s windy on both side of the
Parking thoughts
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This exercise is effective in
eliminating negative, intruding
thoughts.
Use visualization to identify
unwanted thoughts, write it down on
paper, and place this paper in some
other place(parking).
Upon completion of the performance,
the athlete can go back and deal with
the issue by “unparking” it.
HR biofeedback training
組別
0.00
實驗組
控制組
控制組
8.40
-0.20
瞄
準
時
心
跳
率
減
速
斜
率
組別
8.60
實驗組
平
均
射
箭
成
績
表
現
-0.40
-0.60
-0.80
8.20
8.00
7.80
7.60
-1.00
7.40
-1.20
前測
中測
後測
前測
中測
後測
Tips for improving concentration
on site
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Use simulations in practice
Use cue words
Use nonjudgemental thinking
Establish routine
Develop competition plans
Practice eye control
Stay focus in the present
Overlearn skills
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Tsung-Min Hung, Ph.D.
Email:ernesthungkimo@yahoo.com.
tw
Tel:+886-2-77343202